2014 JO25
Radar image of 2014 JO25 taken at Goldstone on 19 Apr 2017
Discovery[1]
Discovered byMount Lemmon Srvy.
Discovery siteMount Lemmon Obs.
(first observation only)
Discovery date5 May 2014
Designations
2014 JO25
NEO · Apollo · PHA[1][2]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc6.02 yr (2,200 days)
Aphelion3.8996 AU
Perihelion0.2364 AU
2.0680 AU
Eccentricity0.8857
2.97 yr (1,086 days)
125.06°
0° 19m 53.04s / day
Inclination25.261°
30.637°
49.571°
Earth MOID0.0110 AU (4.3 LD)
Mercury MOID0.0210 AU[2]
Venus MOID0.0412 AU[2]
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
0.72 km (est. at 0.20)[3]
0.818 km (calculated)[4]
4.531 h[4]
0.20 (assumed)[4]
S (assumed)[4]
17.8[2][4][1]

    2014 JO25 is a near-Earth asteroid. It was discovered in May 2014 by astronomers at the Catalina Sky Survey near Tucson, Arizona - a project of NASA's NEO (Near Earth Object) Observations Program in collaboration with the University of Arizona.

    Orbit and classification

    2014 JO25 belongs to the Apollo asteroids, which cross the orbit of Earth. Apollos are the largest group of near-Earth objects with nearly 10 thousand known members. It is also a potentially hazardous asteroid due to its sufficiently large size (an absolute magnitude brighter than 22), and its Earth-MOID (see below) of less than 0.05 AU.

    It orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.25–3.90 AU once every 3 years (1,086 days; semi-major axis of 2.07 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.89 and an inclination of 25° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] This makes it also a Venus- and Mercury-crossing asteroid.

    The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken by Pan-STARRS in May 2011, or 3 years prior to its official first observation at Mount Lemmon.[2]

    Close approaches

    This asteroid has a minimum orbital intersection distance (MOID) with Earth of 1,650,000 km; 1,020,000 mi (0.0110 AU), which translates into 4.3 lunar distances.[1]

    2017 Earth flyby

    2014 JO25 made a close flyby of Earth on 19 April 2017, and at its closest approach on that date came within 1.8 million kilometers (1.1 million miles) of the planet. It reached an apparent magnitude of 10.76.

    The 2017-flyby within a distance of 1.8 million kilometers was the closest approach to Earth by 2014 JO25 for at least the next 400 years.[5]

    History of close approaches of large near-Earth objects since 1908 (A)
    PHA Date Approach distance (lunar dist.) Abs.
    mag
    (H)    		 Diameter (C)
    (m)    		 Ref (D)
    Nomi-
    nal(B)    		 Mini-
    mum    		 Maxi-
    mum
    (33342) 1998 WT241908-12-163.5423.5373.54717.9556–1795data
    (458732) 2011 MD51918-09-170.9110.9090.91317.9556–1795data
    (7482) 1994 PC11933-01-172.9272.9272.92816.8749–1357data
    69230 Hermes1937-10-301.9261.9261.92717.5668–2158data
    69230 Hermes1942-04-261.6511.6511.65117.5668–2158data
    (137108) 1999 AN101946-08-072.4322.4292.43517.9556–1795data
    (33342) 1998 WT241956-12-163.5233.5233.52317.9556–1795data
    (163243) 2002 FB31961-04-124.9034.9004.90616.41669–1695data
    (192642) 1999 RD321969-08-273.6273.6253.63016.31161–3750data
    (143651) 2003 QO1041981-05-182.7612.7602.76116.01333–4306data
    2017 CH11992-06-054.6913.3916.03717.9556–1795data
    (170086) 2002 XR141995-06-244.2594.2594.26018.0531–1714data
    (33342) 1998 WT242001-12-164.8594.8594.85917.9556–1795data
    4179 Toutatis2004-09-294.0314.0314.03115.32440–2450data
    2014 JO252017-04-194.5734.5734.57317.8582–1879data
    (137108) 1999 AN102027-08-071.0141.0101.01917.9556–1795data
    (35396) 1997 XF112028-10-262.4172.4172.41816.9881–2845data
    (154276) 2002 SY502071-10-303.4153.4123.41817.6714–1406data
    (164121) 2003 YT12073-04-294.4094.4094.40916.21167–2267data
    (385343) 2002 LV2076-08-044.1844.1834.18516.61011–3266data
    (52768) 1998 OR22079-04-164.6114.6114.61215.81462–4721data
    (33342) 1998 WT242099-12-184.9194.9194.91917.9556–1795data
    (85182) 1991 AQ2130-01-274.1404.1394.14117.11100data
    314082 Dryope2186-07-163.7092.9964.78617.5668–2158data
    (137126) 1999 CF92192-08-214.9704.9674.97318.0531–1714data
    (290772) 2005 VC2198-05-051.9511.7912.13417.6638–2061data
    (A) List includes near-Earth approaches of less than 5 lunar distances (LD) of objects with H brighter than 18.
    (B) Nominal geocentric distance from the Earth's center to the object's center (Earth radius≈0.017 LD).
    (C) Diameter: estimated, theoretical mean-diameter based on H and albedo range between X and Y.
    (D) Reference: data source from the JPL SBDB, with AU converted into LD (1 AU≈390 LD)
    (E) Color codes:   unobserved at close approach   observed during close approach   upcoming approaches

    Physical characteristics

    2014 JO25 is a peanut-shaped contact binary asteroid. It is an assumed to be a stony S-type asteroid.[4] The overall shape of the asteroid also resembles the “rubber ducky shaped” nucleus of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.[6][7]

    Diameter and albedo

    Early estimation based on observed absolute magnitude and estimated albedo indicates object 600–1400 meters (m) in diameter. In 2014, further research based on NEOWISE data indicated an object of 650 m in diameter and albedo 0.25.[8]

    Based on a generic magnitude-to-mean-diameter conversion, 2014 JO25 measures approximately 720 m in diameter, using an absolute magnitude of 18.1 and assuming an albedo of 0.20, which is typical for stony asteroids.[3] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 818 meters based on an absolute magnitude of 17.8.[4]

    Observation of the asteroid with the Goldstone Solar System Radar were performed between April 15 and 21, 2017 by Arecibo Observatory and Goldstone Solar System Radar. Results show that the largest dimension of this contact binary is at least 870 meters.[4][9]

    Rotation period

    The 2017 radiometric observations at Arecibo and Goldstone also gave a rotation period of approximately 4.5 hours.[9] Also in April 2017, a rotational lightcurve of this asteroid was obtained from photometric observations by Brian Warner at the Palmer Divide Station (U82) in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a refined period of 4.531 hours with a brightness amplitude between 0.14 and 0.64 magnitude (U=n.a.).[10]

    Numbering and naming

    As of 2018, this minor planet has not been numbered or named.[2]

    Radar images of the asteroid were taken on 18 April 2017 by the Goldstone Solar System Radar:

    In context

    2014 JO25 on a graph plotting the closest flyby distance to Earth and size of NEOs in 2017.

    2014 JO25 is located in the upper right of the chart.

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2014 JO25)" (2017-05-24 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
    2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "2014 JO25". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
    3. 1 2 "Asteroid Size Estimator". CNEOS NASA/JPL. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
    4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "LCDB Data for 2014 JO25". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 21 February 2018.
    5. ↑ "Asteroid 2014 JO25 bigger than expected | Astronomy Essentials | EarthSky". 19 April 2017.
    6. ↑ "Initial Results from the Close Approach of Asteroid 2014 JO25". cneos.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
    7. ↑ "Astronomers launch new asteroid-classification system based on animal sizes". Physics World. 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
    8. ↑ "2014 JO25 and 2003 BD44".
    9. 1 2 "Planetary Radar Science Group". National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (NAIC). Retrieved 21 February 2018.
    10. ↑ Warner, Brian D. (October 2017). "Lightcurve Analysis of Two Near-Earth Asteroids: 2010 VB1 and 2014 JO25". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 44 (4): 327–330. Bibcode:2017MPBu...44..327W. ISSN 1052-8091. PMC 7243874. PMID 32455408.
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