Başkanlığa Hayır
Campaign2017 Turkish constitutional referendum
AffiliationRepublican People's Party
Peoples' Democratic Party
Nationalist Movement Party factions
Other smaller parties and organisations (See list)
StatusLost referendum; 'Yes' campaign successful and constitutional package passed
Slogan'Geleceğim için Hayır' (No for my future)
'Demokratik Cumhuriyet Ortak Vatan İçin Hayır' (No for a Democratic and Common Homeland)
ChantBaşkanlığa Hayır (No to an executive presidency)

The 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'No' campaign (Turkish: Hayır) refers to a collection of unsuccessful political campaigns led by political parties, organizations and media outlets in favour of a 'No' vote in the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum. Were the campaign to have been successful, it would have resulted in Turkey remaining a parliamentary republic as opposed to an executive presidency, which it became as a result of the referendum, and would have constituted the first direct upset against the governing Justice and Development Party (AKP) since they took office in 2002.

'No' campaigners faced alleged government-backed coercion and suppression. On 1 March, the main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) unveiled a 78-point report regarding irregularities and suppression of 'No' campaigners, with Deputy Leader Öztürk Yılmaz claiming that those who were campaigning for a 'No' vote faced fear and state coercion.[1][2] CHP parliamentary group leader Engin Altay also criticized the government for using state funds to fund the 'Yes' campaign while repressing 'No' voters, claiming that their conduct did not allow them to talk of 'democracy'.[3]

A 'No' vote was supported by the main opposition party, CHP, and the smaller opposition Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP). Over 40 smaller political parties were also in favour of a 'No' vote, as well as a significant number of Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) politicians and voters who opposed their leader President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's call for a 'Yes' vote. The main rival to the 'No' campaign, which did not have a centralized or united structure, was the 'Yes' campaign.

The 'No' option on the ballot paper used for the referendum was coloured in a light brown.[4]

Supporters

Political parties

The following political parties supported a 'No' vote in 2017:

Party Leader Political orientation Ref.
CHPRepublican People's Party Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu Kemalism [5]
MHPNationalist Movement Party inner-party factions Collective leadership Nationalism [6]
HDPPeoples' Democratic Party Selahattin Demirtaş & Figen Yüksekdağ Left-wing [7]
SaadetFelicity Party Temel Karamollaoğlu Right-wing [7]
BBPGreat Union Party inner-party factions Collective leadership Far right [8]
VatanPatriotic Party Doğu Perinçek Kemalism [7]
HAK-PARRights and Freedoms Party Refik Karakoç pro-Kurdish [9]
HKPPeople's Liberation Party Nurullah Ankut Communism [10]
DPDemocrat Party Gültekin Uysal Centre-right [11]
KPCommunist Party Arif Hikmet Basa Communism [12]
DSPDemocratic Left Party Önder Aksakal Centre-left [13]
LDPLiberal Democratic Party Gültekin Tırpancı Liberalism [14]
MPNation Party Aykut Edibali Nationalism [15]
DYPTrue Path Party Çetin Özaçıkgöz Centre-right [16]
TSİPSocialist Workers' Party of Turkey Turgut Koçak Socialism [17]
TKPCommunist Party of Turkey Hüseyin Karabulut Communism [18]
ÖDPFreedom and Solidarity Party Collective leadership Left-wing [19]
EMEPLabour Party Selma Gürkan Communism [20]
DSİPRevolutionary Socialist Workers' Party Meltem Oral & Şenol Karakaş Left-wing [21]
YPHomeland Party Sadettin Tantan Nationalism [16]
AYPCrescent Star Party Serap Gülhan Kemalism [22]
EHPLabourist Movement Party Sibel Uzun Left-wing [23]
İKPWorkers' Fraternity Party Mehmet Şadi Ozansü Left-wing [24]
DİPRevolutionist Workers' Party Ömer Sungur Savran Socialism [25]
DBPDemocratic Regions Party Emine Ayna pro-Kurdish [26]
HEPARRights and Equality Party Yücel Savaş Nationalism [27]
ESPSocialist Party of the Oppressed Sultan Ulusoy Far-left [28]
TİKPWorkers Villagers Party of Turkey İsmail Durna Left [29]
ANAPMotherland Party İbrahim Çelebi Centre-right [16]
Dev-PartiRevolutionary People's Party Celal Özcan Left-wing [30]
MTPNationalist Turkey Party Ahmet Yılmaz Büyükekmekci Nationalism [31]
ÖSPFreedom and Socialism Party Sinan Çiftyürek Far-left [32]
1920 TKPSocialist Liberation Party Şener Ataş Communism [33]
Yeşil SolGreens and the Left Party of the Future Naci Sönmez Green politics [34]
TİVEPUnemployed's and Labourers' Party of Turkey Rıfat Derya Sercan Centre-left [35]
SYKPSocialist Refoundation Party Tülay Hatimoğlulları Oruç Far-left [36]
KPWomen's Party Benal Yazgan Feminism [37]
TURANGreat Turan Movement Party Varol Esen Ultra nationalism [38]
HHPRights and Peace Party Gürsel Yıldız Centre [39]
HTKPPeople's Communist Party of Turkey Emre Yağan Communism [40]
CİHAPUniverse Party Kürşad Emre Öğretmek Centre [41]
AnayolMain Path Party Zafer Maden Centre-right [42]
TÜHAPPeople's Party of Turkey Mehmet Çetin Centre [43]
MMPNational Struggle Party Ahmet Kaya Nationalism [44]
ASPAS Party Cavit Kayıkcı Nationalism [45]
İDPWorkers' Democracy Party Oktay Çelik Left-wing [46]
TKHCommunist Movement of Turkey Erkan Pınarbaşı Communism [47]
DevrimciUnited Revolutionist Party Ufuk Göllü Left-wing [48]
APJustice Party Vecdet Öz Centre-right [49]
TBPUnity Party of Turkey Hüseyin Ekici Kemalism [50]
SEPSocialist Laborers' Party Gökçe Şentürk Socialism [51]
EYPUniversal Path Party Metin Güler Alevism [52]
BüyükGreat Turkey Party Tevfik Diker Centre-right [53]
DGPDemocratic Young Party Erkin Çözeli Centre [54]
Ulusal PartiNational Party Gökçe Fırat Çulhaoğlu Third Position [55]

Organisations

The following organizations favoured a 'No' vote:

NGO Type Political orientation Ref.
Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (TMMOB) Trade union Centre-left [56]
Turkish Medical Association (TTB) Medical union Centre-left [57]
MHP Dissidents Intra-party opposition Nationalism [58]
BBP Dissidents Intra-party opposition Far-right [59]
Confederation of Public Workers' Unions of Turkey (Türkiye Kamu-Sen) Trade union Centre-right [60]
Confederation of Public Workers' Unions (KESK) Trade union Left-wing [61]
Confederation of Progressive Trade Unions of Turkey (DİSK) Trade union Left-wing [62]
United Confederation of Public Employees' Unions (Birleşik Kamu-İş) Trade union Kemalism [63]
Atatürkist Thought Association (ADD) Kemalism [64]
Youth Union of Turkey (TGB) Youth organisation Kemalism [65]
Republican Women's Association (CKD) Women organization Kemalism [66]
Retired Military Officers Association of Turkey (TESUD) Military veterans organization Kemalism [67]
Artists' Union of Turkey (TSB) Art organization Kemalism [68]
Artists' Initiative Art organization Left-wing [69]
Turkish Law Institution Institution Kemalism [70]
National Constitution Movement Think tank Kemalism [71]
Intellectuals' Hearth Nationalism [72]
Confederation of Turkish Tribes (TÜRKBOY) Nationalism [73]
Social Thought Association (TDD) Nationalism [74]
Turkish Left Magazine Third Position [55]

Republican People's Party (CHP) campaign

CHP MPs holding a press conference in Diyarbakır after campaigning for a 'No' vote
CHP former leader Deniz Baykal at a 'No' campaign event in rance
CHP leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu addressing a 'No' rally in Diyarbakır

The Republican People's Party (CHP) held a pre-campaign rally in Adana on 3 December 2016, titled 'We will not partition Turkey'. The rally was also supported by Idealists, who traditionally support the MHP.[75] The CHP parliamentary group voted against the proposals in Parliament but was unable to block their approval.[76] On 15 February 2017, it was announced that the CHP wouldn't refer the voting process, which had been marred by unconstitutional open voting by AKP MPs, to the Constitutional Court, claiming that they believed that voters would reject the proposals at the ballot box.[77]

On 6 February, the CHP unveiled a 10-article booklet detailing the reasons why they supported a 'No' vote, with the 10 key points being opposition to a 'one-man regime', a party state, the end of powers of Parliament, a government without scrutiny, a biased judiciary, en economic crisis, terrorism, the erosion of fundamental and universal values, to partitioning Turkey and an 'elected monarchy'.[78] This followed on from a 21 December 2016 publication released by CHP Deputy Leader Bülent Tezcan, containing 35 questions and answers about the proposed presidential system.[79]

On 28 February, the CHP unveiled their campaign, under the slogan ‘Geleceğim İçin Hayır’ ('No' for my future). It was stated that party logos would not be used during the campaign.[80] The party also unveiled its first official campaign rally to be at Amasya, though one of the party's dissident MPs Muharrem İnce held a rally at Alaplı, Zonguldak Province on 8 March.[81][82] Also on 8 March International Women's Day, the CHP Women's Wing in İzmir held an event where participants spelled out the word 'No' with their bodies, with the scene captured by helicopter. The event was also attended by party leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu's wife Selvi and Deputy Leader Selin Sayek Böke.[83]

Many CHP MPs began visiting different areas of Turkey and Turkish expats abroad in order to gather support for a 'No' vote soon after the referendum date was announced. The party's former leader Deniz Baykal attended an event in France while Istanbul Member of Parliament Sezgin Tanrıkulu and parliamentary group leader Özgür Özel led a group of MPs to Diyarbakır where the party has no representation.[84][85]

At the start of the campaign, party leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu reportedly asked the party's officials to conduct the 'No' campaign on a purely positive basis, refraining from using a negative or alienating discourse. It was also reported that the CHP were getting ready to make a campaign film similar to the 'No' campaign for the Chilean national plebiscite of 1988, which resulted in a victory for the 'No' side and an eventual end to the regime of Augusto Pinochet.

Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) campaign

References

  1. ↑ "CHP, 'hayır' diyenlere baskıyı 78 maddeyle raporladı".
  2. ↑ "CHP'li Öztürk Yılmaz: 'Hayır' diyenler baskı altında".
  3. ↑ "CHP'li Engin Altay: Bu kötü bir haber".
  4. ↑ Demirel, Bahar (2017-02-11). "Breaking: The colors of the ballot in the referendum are revealed". Hürriyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 2022-12-25. In the referendum, a combined ballot paper consisting of 2 different colors with the words 'yes' on a white background and 'no' on a brown background will be used.
  5. ↑ "Hangi parti referandumda ne oy kullanacak – Sözcü Gazetesi". Sozcu.com.tr. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  6. ↑ "Muhalif MHP'liler: Tek adama hayır". Deutsche Welle.
  7. 1 2 3 "Hangi parti referandumda ne oy kullanacak – Sözcü Gazetesi". Sozcu.com.tr. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  8. ↑ "Destici'nin kararı, BBP'yi bağlamaz". Sözcü.
  9. ↑ "Hak-Par referandum kararını açıkladı". Yonelishaber.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  10. ↑ "Bu iş Anayasa Oylaması filan değil be yahu! | Halkın Kurtuluş Partisi". Kurtuluspartisi.org. Archived from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  11. ↑ "Demokrat Parti de referandum oyunu açıkladı". Ulusalkanal.com.tr. 19 January 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  12. ↑ "Başkanlık anayasasına karşı nasıl mücadele edilir?". KP.org.tr. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  13. ↑ "DSP referandumda oyunu açıkladı - CNN TÜRK - tarafsız güvenilir haberler". Cnnturk.com. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  14. ↑ "LiberalDemokratParti on Twitter: "Değerli AKP'li mvekilleri, bugün üzerinizde olan baskının ya ilelebet sürmesini ya da tamamen kalkmasını oylayacaksınız. Tek adama hayır!"". Twitter. 9 January 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  15. ↑ "Ülkücüler 'hayır'da birleşti: "Niyet hayır, akıbet hayır!"". Yenicaggazetesi.com.tr. 18 February 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  16. 1 2 3 "Merkez sağ hayır diyecek". Aydınlık. 5 February 2017.
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  20. ↑ "EMEP başkanlık dayatmasını protesto etti". Evrensel.net. 14 January 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
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  25. ↑ "DİP Merkez Komitesi'nin referandum çağrısı: Kardeş kavgası değil sınıf kavgası: sermayeye, emperyalizme ve istibdada HAYIR! | Gerçek Gazetesi". Gercekgazetesi.net (in Turkish). 7 October 2011. Archived from the original on 12 February 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
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  28. ↑ "ESP: Tek adam diktatörlüğüne birlikte hayır diyoruz". Evrensel.net. 25 January 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  29. ↑ "Bir parti daha "hayır" dedi". Odatv.com. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
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  34. ↑ "Yeşil Sol Parti'den 'Bir Hayır Yeter' kampanyası". Evrensel.net. 4 February 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  35. ↑ "TEK ADAM ANAYASASINA HAYIR !... - Türkiye Işsizler Ve Emekçiler Partisi". Facebook. 11 February 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  36. ↑ "Faşizme ve tek adam diktatörlüğüne hayır! - Sosyalist Yeniden Kuruluş Partisi". SYKP. Archived from the original on 12 February 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
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  39. ↑ "Gürsel YILDIZ" Anayasa değişikliğine kesinlikle kendim ve partim adına –HAYIR" - Hak ve Huzur Partisi - Haklı ve Huzurlu bir gelecek". Hak ve Huzur Partisi. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
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  77. ↑ "CHP, Anayasa Mahkemesi'ne neden gitmedi?".
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  81. ↑ "CHP'nin ilk referandum mitingini nerede yapacağı belli oldu".
  82. ↑ "CHP'li Muharrem İnce'den Alaplı'da 'Hayır' Mitingi".
  83. ↑ "CHP'li kadınlar, 8 Mart'ta bedenleriyle 'hayır' yazdı".
  84. ↑ Çakır, Arzu. "Baykal'dan Almanya Gezisi İptal Açıklaması".
  85. ↑ Bozarslan, Mahmut. "CHP'den 'Sandığa Gidin' Çağrısı".
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