Games of the XXXIV Olympiad
One of several emblems of the 2028 Summer Olympics
Host cityLos Angeles, United States
OpeningJuly 14, 2028[1]
ClosingJuly 30, 2028
Stadium
Summer
Winter
2028 Summer Paralympics

The 2028 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXXIV Olympiad, and commonly known as Los Angeles 2028 or LA28, is an upcoming international multi-sport event scheduled to take place from July 14 to 30, 2028, in and around Los Angeles, California, United States.[2]

Los Angeles had originally bid for the 2024 Summer Olympics. However, after multiple withdrawals that left only Los Angeles and Paris in contention, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) approved a process to concurrently award the 2024 and 2028 Summer Olympics to the two remaining candidates, with the two cities guaranteed as venues for the 2024 and 2028 editions. However, the decision to host which edition would be made through consensus between the two finalists. Paris, for internal reasons, claimed that it could only host the 2024 edition, while Los Angeles accepted the French proposal and received the 2028 event. Paris and Los Angeles were formally joint awarded the Games at the 131st IOC Session in Lima, Peru, on September 13, 2017. They will mark the fifth Summer Olympics (after Atlanta 1996), and ninth Olympics overall, to be hosted by the United States. Having previously hosted the Summer Olympics in 1932 and 1984, Los Angeles will become the third three-time host city after London (1908, 1948, 2012) and Paris (1900, 1924, 2024), and the first city in Americas ever to do so.

As of 2022, the IOC has provisionally removed boxing, modern pentathlon, and weightlifting from the program of 28 "core" Olympic events, and has proposed the promotion of skateboarding, sport climbing, and surfing as compulsory sports—which were included in the programs of the 2020 and 2024 Games as optional sports—as their replacements.

As the current version of the Olympic Charter determines, the organizing committee can propose the addition of a group of optional sports to be featured in each edition. The LA28 OCOG proposed five sports be added to the 2024 Olympic program: baseball/softball, cricket, flag football, lacrosse, and squash, with flag football and squash making their Olympic debut. Cricket was last seen at the 1900 Paris Olympics (The Games of the II Olympiad), and lacrosse was last seen at the 1908 London Olympics (the Games of the IV Olympiad). Baseball and softball were previously featured as a joint optional sport in Tokyo 2020.[3] All five sports received approval to be included at an IOC meeting on October 16, 2023, in Mumbai, India.[4]

Bidding process

On September 16, 2015, the International Olympic Committee announced the candidature process and the five candidate cities for the 2024 Games: Budapest, Hamburg, Los Angeles, Paris, and Rome.[5] Budapest, Hamburg, and Rome eventually withdrew, leaving only Los Angeles and Paris.[6] A similar situation had already occurred during the bidding for the 2022 Winter Olympics when Kraków, Lviv, Oslo, and Stockholm withdrew, resulting in a two-way decision between Beijing, China, and Almaty, Kazakhstan, with Beijing ultimately declared the winner. On April 3, 2017, at the IOC convention in Denmark, Olympic officials met with bid committees from Los Angeles and Paris to discuss the possibility of naming two winners in the competition to host the 2024 Summer Games.

After these withdrawals, the IOC Executive Board met in Lausanne, Switzerland, on June 9, 2017, to discuss the 2024 and 2028 bid processes.[7] The IOC formally proposed electing the 2024 and 2028 host cities at the same time in 2017, a proposal that an Extraordinary IOC Session approved on July 11, 2017, in Lausanne. The IOC set up a process where the Los Angeles and Paris 2024 bid committees and the IOC held meetings in July 2017 to decide which city would host in each of the two years.[8]

Following the decision to award the 2024 and 2028 Games simultaneously, Paris was understood to be preferred for the 2024 Games. On July 31, 2017, the IOC announced Los Angeles as the sole candidate for 2028, with $1.8 billion of additional funding from the IOC,[9] allowing Paris to be confirmed as the host for 2024. On August 11, 2017, Los Angeles City Council voted unanimously to approve the bid.[10] On September 11, 2017, Los Angeles received formal approval from the IOC's evaluation commission.[11] On September 13, 2017, Los Angeles was formally awarded the 2028 Games following a unanimous vote by the IOC.[12] The IOC praised the LA bid for using a record-breaking number of existing and temporary facilities and for relying entirely on corporate funding.[13][14]

On October 16, 2017, Los Angeles 2028 received official support from the state of California.[15] On August 29, 2018, Olympic officials arrived for a two-day visit that included meetings with local organizers and a tour of the city's newest venues.[16] At the time, LMU and LA Times polls suggested that more than 88% of Angelenos were in favor of the city hosting the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games.[17] In March 2023, however, a poll conducted by Suffolk University and the LA Times indicated a decrease in approval of the Olympic Games since Los Angeles won the Olympic bid, with only 57% of Angelenos believing the Olympics will be good for the city.[18]

2028 Summer Olympics
bidding results
City Nation Votes
Los Angeles  United States Unanimous

Development and preparations

Venue construction and renovations

Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
Interior view of SoFi Stadium at Hollywood Park

While most host cities have between six and seven years to prepare for the Olympic Games, Los Angeles will get an additional four, giving the city eleven years. The Los Angeles bid relied on a majority of existing venues; other venues that are already under construction or were planned regardless of the Games. BMO Stadium, which opened in 2018 as the home of Major League Soccer's Los Angeles FC, will host football (soccer) and several events in athletics. SoFi Stadium, which opened in 2020 as the home of the NFL's Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers, will host the main opening ceremony, football, and archery.

The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum underwent a major renovation and restoration program from 2017 to 2019.[19] A new press box, loge boxes, and club seats were installed.[20] This reduced stadium capacity from 93,607 to 78,467.[21] As the athletics venue, future renovations include the re-installation of an athletics track.

The Los Angeles Clippers are building a new basketball arena in Inglewood near SoFi Stadium, called Intuit Dome, which began construction in September 2021 and is expected to be completed in 2024.[22] Team owner Steve Ballmer stated during its groundbreaking that he hoped that it could be included in the Games.[23]

Crypto.com Arena will undergo renovations which will be completed by 2024, four years prior to when the arena hosts the Olympic basketball competition.[24]

Infrastructure

An E Line train at Expo Park/USC station

The Twenty-eight by '28 initiative is an effort by then-Mayor Eric Garcetti that the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority complete 28 transit infrastructure projects before the start of the Games.[25] Most of these projects were already in the planning stages during the bid, but will receive accelerated priority, while several minor new projects were programmed with the initiative.

The K Line opened to revenue service on October 7, 2022, after multiple delays from a planned opening in 2019.[26][27] It links the Crenshaw District, Inglewood and Westchester. The K Line will also connect to a people mover being constructed since early 2018 to link Los Angeles International Airport with the LAX/Metro Transit Center station, with opening anticipated in 2024.[28][29] The Inglewood Transit Connector is another people mover planned to provide transportation between the K line and the Olympic venues in Inglewood.[30]

While various infrastructure improvements were planned regardless of the outcome of the Los Angeles Olympic bid, the extension of the Metro D Line will be expedited to serve the Olympics. Three phases were created to extend the line. The first phase will extend the D Line from the Wilshire/Western station to the new Wilshire/La Cienega station. This phase will be completed by 2024. The second phase will extend the D Line to Century City by 2025, while the third and final phase will extend the line to the West Los Angeles VA Medical Center in Westwood with a completion date set for 2027. The third phase will also include a station adjoining the UCLA campus, connecting Olympic Village and Pauley Pavilion with venues in downtown Los Angeles.[31][32] Construction began in 2019 and remains on schedule.[31][33][34]

The Regional Connector in downtown Los Angeles was completed in 2023. The project connected the Metro E Line, which already links venues in downtown Santa Monica to venues at Exposition Park and in downtown Los Angeles, to the southern half former Metro L Line. This allows for direct rail service between Santa Monica and East Los Angeles. The Regional Connector also linked the Metro A Line with the northern half of the former Metro L Line, connecting the Long Beach area and San Gabriel Valley via downtown.[35][36] Also, the under construction San Dimas station on the A Line extension will service Bonelli Park, home of mountain bike events.[37]

These infrastructure improvements, among others, are being funded by Measure R, a temporary half-cent sales tax increase, and Measure M, a continuation of Measure R's tax increase plus an additional permanent half-cent sales tax increase, both tax measures applicable to Los Angeles County.[38] Measure R was approved by voters in November 2008 and Measure M was approved by voters in November 2016. Both projects are unrelated to the Olympics and would have been completed regardless of the Games' staging.[38]

Budget

In April 2019, the estimated cost of the Games was assessed as being approximately $6.88 billion with all the money coming from the private sector, although the Los Angeles city council and state of California legislators have agreed to serve as a "financial backstop." The organizers adjusted the budget for inflation after LA, which originally bid for the 2024 Games, agreed to wait four more years.[39][40]

The City of Los Angeles is the lead public guarantor, committing to spend up to $250 million to cover shortfalls. In 2016, the California legislature took action so that the Governor is empowered to negotiate the next $250 million in public backup, but only after the city backup money has been used first. LA 2024 also agreed to purchase a wide range of insurance policies, including natural disaster, terrorism, event cancellation, as well as reduced ticket sales. The games are expected to generate as much as they cost, with $2.5 billion coming in through sponsorships and nearly $2 billion earned through ticket sales. Average ticket prices for the games will range between $13 and $457 (in 2016 dollars).[40]

The federal government will designate the Olympics a National Special Security Event (NSSE) in which the US Secret Service heads a single chain of command.[40] The US federal government will also cover the cost of security, with an agreement signed by the LA organizing committee and Department of Homeland Security in February 2020, but it will not be involved in the Games' funding, covering only the aforementioned security costs.[41]

Proposed venues

Under present IOC policy, venues with corporate naming rights will not be allowed to use their sponsored name during the Olympics.[42]

Sports parks

The bid proposed that the events spread across four regions called "sports parks" or clusters throughout the city and their neighbours regions.There's a mix of existing, temporary, and planned venues, as well as venues already under construction.Some of them were used during the 1932 Summer Olympics and 1984 Summer Olympics. The main of the four clusters will be the Downtown Sports Park,as this precint were precints from Downtown Los Angeles. The Downtown Sports Park will host events in swimming, diving, football, badminton, road cycling, fencing, taekwondo and basketball.Among the proposed venues are the Los Angeles City Hall and Grand Park, the Los Angeles Convention Center, Crypto.com Arena, Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, and the campus of the University of Southern California. In addition to sporting events, the Downtown Sports Park will also host the Main Press Center, Media Villages, and Olympic Family Hotels and serve as the venue for the Opening and Closing Ceremonies.[43]

Additional sports parks include the Valley Sports Park, South Bay Sports Park, and the Long Beach Sports Park.[43]

Downtown Sports Park

Various venues in Downtown Los Angeles.

Venue Events Capacity Status
BMO Stadium Football (preliminaries, quarterfinals, women's bronze medal) 22,000 Existing
Athletics (field events preliminares) 20,000
Crypto.com Arena Basketball (men's preliminaries, finals) 18,000
Dedeaux Field (USC) Swimming, diving, artistic swimming TBD Temporary structure on existing site
Figueroa Street[44] Live site: "Olympic Way" – Street art, vendors and entertainment connecting Exposition Park, USC to L.A. Live in Downtown Los Angeles — Temporary
Galen Center (USC) Badminton 10,300 Existing
Grand Park Marathon start 5,000
Race walk
Road cycling
Los Angeles Convention Center Basketball (women's preliminaries) 8,000
Fencing 7,000
Taekwondo
Table tennis 5,000
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Athletics (except the field events) 77,500
Proposed Opening and closing ceremonies
Peacock Theater Weightlifting 7,100
USC Village Media Village, Main Press Center —

Valley Sports Park

The Valley Sports Park will host events at temporary venues in the Sepulveda Basin Recreation Center in the San Fernando Valley.

Venue Events Capacity Status
Sepulveda Basin Park Canoe slalom 8,000 Planned construction
Equestrian 15,000 Temporary
Shooting 3,000

South Bay Sports Park

Dignity Health Sports Park Center

The South Bay Sports Park will be located on the campus of California State University, Dominguez Hills in Carson, California.

Venue Events Capacity Status
Dignity Health Sports Park - Main Stadium Rugby 30,000 Existing
Modern pentathlon
Dignity Health Sports Park - Tennis Stadium Tennis 10,000 (Center Court)
Dignity Health Sports Park - Track and Field Facility Field hockey 15,000 (primary field)
5,000 (secondary field)
VELO Sports Center Track cycling 6,000

Long Beach Sports Park

Long Beach

The Long Beach Sports Park will host events along the Long Beach waterfront.

Venue Events Capacity Status
Long Beach Waterfront BMX racing 6,000 Temporary
Water polo 8,000
Triathlon 2,000 Existing
Open water swimming
Long Beach Arena Handball 12,000
Belmont Veterans Memorial Pier Sailing 6,000
Long Beach Marine Stadium Rowing
Canoe sprint		 TBD

Westside

Various venues in the Westside of Los Angeles.

Riviera Country Club
The Kia Forum
Venue Events Capacity Status
Santa Monica State Beach and Venice Beach Beach volleyball 12,000 Temporary
Skateboarding 10,000 Existing
Surfing 8,000
3x3 basketball
–
Riviera Country Club Golf 30,000
UCLA Olympic Village and
Olympic Village Training Center		 N/A
Pauley Pavilion (UCLA) Wrestling 12,500
Judo
SoFi Stadium proposed Opening/closing ceremonies 70,000–100,000
Football (men's quarterfinals, women's semifinals, men's final)
Lake Park (at SoFi Stadium) Archery 8,000 Temporary
Kia Forum Gymnastics 17,000 Existing

Southern California venues

Various venues in the Greater Los Angeles area.

UCLA student housing site of the Olympic Village
Venue Location Events Capacity Status
Rose Bowl Pasadena Football (women's quarterfinals, men's semifinals, women's final, men's 3rd place) 92,000 Existing
Frank G. Bonelli Regional Park San Dimas Mountain biking 3,000 Temporary
Honda Center Anaheim Volleyball 18,000 Existing
Brokaw News Center/Universal Studios Lot Universal City International Broadcast Center/Main Press Center[45] N/A

Football venues

The Rose Bowl

According to the bid book for the Los Angeles 2028 Summer Olympics, football venues are to be situated within Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and other nearby cities of California. The organizing committee's responsibility is to choose another six venues to host the tournament. According to its website, eight venues are under consideration, all within California.[46]

Confirmed Venues
Los Angeles County
  • Rose Bowl, Pasadena (92,542 capacity) – 3 group matches, quarterfinals, semifinals and women's final
  • SoFi Stadium, Inglewood (72,000) – 3 group matches, quarterfinals, semifinals and men's final
Potential venue in the city of Los Angeles
Potential venues in the San Francisco Bay area
Potential venues in San Diego County


The Games

Olympic Program

For the first time, surfing was included in the IOC's list of core sports for the Olympics after having been an optional sport at the previous two Games.

The current version of the Olympic Charter determines that the Summer Olympic program from the 2020 Summer Olympics onwards, the Olympic program will have a maximum of 28 mandatory sports and up to 6 optional sports in each edition, as long as the number of registered athletes does not exceed 10,500.

The relaxation of this rule was made so that the local interest of the country or host city in relation to the event increases.[47][48] provided that the total number of "core" sports proposed in LA28 is 28. Later,two extra quotas were given to weightlifting and modern pentathlon as they improved the conditions proposed by the IOC to remain in the Olympic program, but without confirmation for 2032.

In this way, the Organizing Committee also proposed five more optional sports - baseball/softball, cricket, flag football, lacrosse and squash.[4][49]

There is also the remote possibility of adding boxing as a third extra sport, but the current conditions surrounding the conflict between the entity and the two international sport federations could leave it out of the Games.[50]

Of the 16 new disciplines proposed by the current Olympic Sports International Federations, beach sprint rowing was the only one to be accepted by the IOC. It will replace the lightweight double sculls category, and consist of individual events for men and women, as well as a mixed double sculls event.[51]

2028 Summer Olympic Sports program

Change in the sporting 0rogram

On December 9, 2021, the IOC executive board proposed that skateboarding, sport climbing, and surfing, which successfully debuted as optional sports at the 2020 Summer Olympics, will return in the same capacity in 2024, [52][53] and be promoted to the core program of the 2028 Summer Olympics to replace boxing, modern pentathlon, and weightlifting as they due to the fact that these sports are no longer falling within several clauses of the Olympic Charter.

The international federations of these sports had until October 2023 to implement several changes so that there could be a new assessment by their executive staff as to whether or not to remain in the Olympic program:[54] and the International Boxing Association (IBA) was the only one that did not fit, which had already caused several conflicts that disqualified it as the entity responsible for the boxing at the 2020 Summer Olympics and led to the event being overseen by an external task force.

These concerns increased following the election of Umar Kremlev as its president in December 2020, due to his extensive ties to Russian president Vladimir Putin and also the injection of money by Russian state oil and gas company Gazprom.[55][56] In protest, several national associations withdrew from the IBA framework, and came together under the umbrella of a new entity known as World Boxing was established in April 2023. After World Boxing's establishment and the IBA's rejection of the IOC proposal, the IOC expelled the IBA in June 2023 - the first time in Olympic history that any governing body had been expelled from the Olympic movement.[57][58][59][60]

In August 2022, the LA organizing committee shortlisted nine proposed sports for consideration as optional events for these Olympics: baseball/softball, breakdance, cricket, flag football, karate, kickboxing, lacrosse, squash, and motorsport.[66] On October 9, 2023, the organizing committee announced that they had officially submitted baseball/softball, cricket, flag football, lacrosse, and squash for consideration by the IOC Executive Board.[67] These five sports were approved at the 141st IOC Session in Mumbai, India.[68]

In addition, the IOC approved modern pentathlon and weightlifting as extra sports for the core program, citing that the sports' governing bodies had made sufficient efforts in carrying out reforms.[61][62] The IOC forewent a decision on boxing, citing the IBA's expulsion and World Boxing's non-recognition.[61][62]

Ceremonies

In January 2017, it was reported that the bid committee had proposed holding the opening and closing ceremonies at both SoFi Stadium and the historic Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, in an acknowledgement of its role in the 1932 and 1984 Olympics. The plans called the final leg of the torch relay to be ceremonially launched from the Coliseum, a simulcast of the opening ceremony proper at SoFi Stadium for those in attendance, and the ceremonial re-lighting of the historic Olympic cauldron at the stadium once the cauldron is lit in Inglewood. The closing ceremony would be held in reverse, with opening segments at SoFi Stadium, and the official protocol held at the Coliseum. The proposal is unprecedented and would mark the first time two major venues are featured in the opening and closing ceremonies. The final plan is pending per IOC approval.[69]

Marketing

Emblem

On September 1, 2020, the LA28 OCOG unveiled the emblem for the 2028 Summer Olympics, featuring the characters "LA" and "28" in a stacked layout. The "A" in "LA" is designed to be interchangeable, with variations created in collaboration with athletes, artists, designers, celebrities, and other figures (such as musician Billie Eilish, Indian-Canadian comedian Lilly Singh, and actress Reese Witherspoon).[70][71] There is also a variation derived from the "Stars in Motion" emblem of the 1984 Summer Olympics.[72]

Organizing committee chairman Casey Wasserman explained that the multitude of variations was intended to "showcase our community's collective creativity and celebrate the diversity that makes us strong", as the city "defies a singular identity". Chief marketing officer Amy Gleeson stated that the emblem was designed to "foster a deeper connection with the audience who will be in their 20s and 30s when the games happen."[70][71][73][74][72]

Corporate sponsorship

Sponsors of the 2028 Summer Olympics
Worldwide Olympic Partners
Founding Partners
Official Sponsors
Official Supporters
Official Suppliers

Broadcasting rights

In the United States, the Games will be broadcast by NBCUniversal properties, as part of a long-term contract with the IOC through 2032.[77] The Universal Studios Lot is planned to be the site of the International Broadcast Centre for the Games.[45] In addition, NBCUniversal and the organizing committee will coordinate numerous sponsorship sales for the Games, and parent company Comcast will be promoted as a founding partner of Los Angeles 2028 as part of a renewed sponsorship agreement with the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee (USOPC).[78][79]

On January 16, 2023, the IOC renewed its European pay television and streaming rights agreements with Warner Bros. Discovery through 2032, covering 49 European territories. The IOC concurrently reached a deal for free-to-air coverage with the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), whose member broadcasters will carry at least 200 hours of coverage of the 2028 Summer Olympics.[80]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "LA28 Announces Official Dates for the LA28 Olympic and Paralympic Games". LA 2028 Official Website. July 18, 2022. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
  2. ↑ Tapp, Tom (July 18, 2022). "2028 L.A. Olympics: Dates Announced For Los Angeles-Hosted Games". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
  3. ↑ Service • •, City News (October 16, 2023). "5 sports officially added to program for LA Summer Olympics". NBC Los Angeles. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
  4. 1 2 "IOC approves five additional sports for LA 2028 Olympics, including cricket". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  5. ↑ "Candidature Process Olympic Games 2024" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
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  30. ↑ Sharp, Steven (April 21, 2022). "Inglewood City Council approves $1.4B people mover". Urbanize LA. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
  31. 1 2 "Purple Line phase 2 groundbreaking!". metro.net. February 23, 2018. Archived from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
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