27th Parliament of Canada
Minority parliament
9 December 1965 – 23 April 1968
Parliament leaders
Prime
Minister		Rt. Hon. Lester B. Pearson
April 22, 1963 (1963-04-22) – April 20, 1968 (1968-04-20)
Rt. Hon. Pierre Trudeau
April 20, 1968 (1968-04-20) – June 4, 1979 (1979-06-04)
Cabinets19th Canadian Ministry
20th Canadian Ministry
Leader of the
Opposition		John Diefenbaker
Michael Starr
Robert Stanfield
Party caucuses
GovernmentLiberal Party
OppositionProgressive Conservative Party
RecognizedNew Democratic Party
UnrecognizedRalliement créditiste
Social Credit Party
House of Commons

Seating arrangements of the House of Commons
Members265 MP seats
List of members
Senators102 senator seats
List of senators
Sovereign
MonarchElizabeth II
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022
Governor
General		Georges Vanier
15 September 1959 – 5 March 1967
Roland Michener
17 April 1967 – 14 January 1974
Sessions
1st session
January 18, 1966 (1966-01-18) – May 8, 1967 (1967-05-08)
2nd session
May 8, 1967 (1967-05-08) – April 23, 1968 (1968-04-23)
← 26th → 28th
Lester B. Pearson was Prime Minister during the 27th Canadian Parliament.
Pierre Trudeau was Prime Minister during the last month of the 27th Canadian Parliament.

The 27th Canadian Parliament was in session from December 9, 1965 until April 23, 1968. The membership was set by the 1965 federal election on November 8, 1965, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1968 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party minority under Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson and the 19th Canadian Ministry. Pierre Trudeau succeeded Pearson as party leader and Prime Minister shortly before this Parliament ended for the 1968 national election.

The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party, led first by John Diefenbaker, and subsequently by Michael Starr.

The Speaker was Lucien Lamoureux. See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1952-1966 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were two sessions of the 27th Parliament.

Most of the MPs were elected as the single member for their district. Two represented Queen's (PEI) and two represented Halifax.

Distribution of seats at the beginning of the 27th Parliament

Party Party Leader Seats
1963 Dissolution Elected % Change
  Liberal Lester Pearson 128 128 131 +2.3%
  Progressive Conservative John Diefenbaker 93 95 97 +4.3%
  New Democratic Tommy Douglas 24 17 21 -12.5%
  Ralliement créditiste Réal Caouette     9  
Social CreditR.N. Thompson17245-70.6%
  Independent   - 1  
Total 265 265 265
Sources: http://www.elections.ca History of Federal Ridings since 1867

Notes:

"% change" refers to change from previous election 1 "Previous" refers to the results of the previous election, not the party standings in the House of Commons prior to dissolution.

List of members

Following is a full list of members of the twenty-seventh Parliament listed first by province or territory, then by electoral district. Party leaders are italicized. Parliamentary secretaries is indicated by "‡". Cabinet ministers are in boldface. The Prime Minister is both. The Speaker is indicated by "(†)".

Electoral districts denoted by an asterisk (*) indicates that district was represented by two members.

Alberta

Electoral district Name Party First elected/previously elected
Acadia Jack Horner Progressive Conservative 1958
Athabaska Jack Bigg Progressive Conservative 1958
Battle River—Camrose Clifford Smallwood Progressive Conservative 1958
Bow River Eldon Woolliams Progressive Conservative 1958
Calgary North Douglas Harkness Progressive Conservative 1945
Calgary South Harold Raymond Ballard Progressive Conservative 1965
Edmonton East William Skoreyko Progressive Conservative 1958
Edmonton—Strathcona Terry Nugent Progressive Conservative 1958
Edmonton West Marcel Lambert Progressive Conservative 1957
Jasper—Edson Hugh Horner (resigned 9 May 1967) Progressive Conservative 1958
Douglas Caston (by-election of 1967-11-06) Progressive Conservative 1967
Lethbridge Deane Gundlock Progressive Conservative 1958
Macleod Lawrence Kindt Progressive Conservative 1958
Medicine Hat Bud Olson Social Credit 1957, 1962
Liberal
Peace River Ged Baldwin Progressive Conservative 1958
Red Deer Robert N. Thompson Social Credit 1962
Progressive Conservative
Vegreville Frank Fane Progressive Conservative 1958
Wetaskiwin Harry Andrew Moore Progressive Conservative 1962

British Columbia

Electoral district Name Party First elected/previously elected
Burnaby—Coquitlam Tommy Douglas New Democratic 1935,[lower-alpha 1] 1962
Burnaby—Richmond Bob Prittie New Democratic 1962
Cariboo Bert Leboe Social Credit 1953, 1962
Coast—Capilano John (Jack) Davis ‡ Liberal 1962
Comox—Alberni Thomas Speakman Barnett New Democratic 1953, 1962
Esquimalt—Saanich George Chatterton Progressive Conservative 1961
Fraser Valley Alexander Bell Patterson Social Credit 1953, 1962
Kamloops E. Davie Fulton Progressive Conservative 1945, 1965
Kootenay East Jim Byrne Liberal 1949, 1962
Kootenay West Herbert Wilfred Herridge New Democratic 1945
Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands Colin Cameron New Democratic 1953, 1962
New Westminster Barry Mather New Democratic 1962
Okanagan Boundary David Vaughan Pugh Progressive Conservative 1958
Okanagan—Revelstoke Howard Earl Johnston Social Credit 1965
Skeena Frank Howard New Democratic 1957
Vancouver—Burrard Ron Basford Liberal 1963
Vancouver Centre John Robert (Jack) Nicholson Liberal 1962
Vancouver East Harold Winch New Democratic 1953
Vancouver Kingsway Grace MacInnis New Democratic 1965
Vancouver Quadra Grant Deachman Liberal 1963
Vancouver South Arthur Laing Liberal 1949, 1962
Victoria David Groos Liberal 1963

Manitoba

Electoral district Name Party First elected/previously elected
Brandon—Souris Walter Dinsdale Progressive Conservative 1951
Churchill Robert Simpson Progressive Conservative 1957
Dauphin Elmer Forbes Progressive Conservative 1958
Lisgar George Muir Progressive Conservative 1957
Marquette Nick Mandziuk Progressive Conservative 1957
Portage—Neepawa Siegfried Enns Progressive Conservative 1962
Provencher Warner Jorgenson Progressive Conservative 1957
Selkirk Eric Stefanson Sr. Progressive Conservative 1958
Springfield Edward Schreyer New Democratic 1965
St. Boniface Roger Teillet Liberal 1962
Winnipeg North David Orlikow New Democratic 1962
Winnipeg North Centre Stanley Knowles New Democratic 1942, 1962
Winnipeg South Louis Ralph (Bud) Sherman Progressive Conservative 1965
Winnipeg South Centre Gordon Churchill Progressive Conservative 1951
Independent Progressive Conservative

New Brunswick

Electoral district Name Party First elected/previously elected
Charlotte Allan M.A. McLean Liberal 1962
Gloucester Hédard Robichaud Liberal 1953
Kent Guy Crossman Liberal 1962
Northumberland—Miramichi George Roy McWilliam Liberal 1949
Restigouche—Madawaska Jean-Eudes Dubé Liberal 1962
Royal Gordon Fairweather Progressive Conservative 1962
St. John—Albert Thomas Miller Bell Progressive Conservative 1953
Victoria—Carleton Hugh John Flemming Progressive Conservative 1960
Westmorland Margaret Rideout Liberal 1964
York—Sunbury John Chester MacRae Progressive Conservative 1957

Newfoundland

Electoral district Name Party First elected/previously elected
Bonavista—Twillingate Jack Pickersgill (resigned 19 September 1967) Liberal 1953
Charles Granger ‡ (by-election of 1967-11-06) Liberal 1958,[lower-alpha 2] 1967
Burin—Burgeo Chesley William Carter (until 8 July 1966 Senate appointment) Liberal 1949
Don Jamieson (by-election of 1966-09-19) Liberal 1966
Grand Falls—White Bay—Labrador Charles Granger ‡ (resigned 1 August 1966)1 Liberal 1958
Andrew Chatwood (by-election of 1966-09-19) Liberal 1966
Humber—St. George's Herman Maxwell Batten Liberal 1953
St. John's East Joseph O'Keefe Liberal 1963
St. John's West Richard Cashin ‡ Liberal 1962
Trinity—Conception James Roy Tucker Liberal 1958

1Granger resigned the seat of Grand Falls—White Bay—Labrador in August 1966 to contest a seat in the Newfoundland House of Assembly and was succeeded by Andrew Chatwood of the Liberals. Granger became Minister of Labrador Affairs in the provincial cabinet. He resigned his provincial office in September 1967 to contest the federal seat of Bonavista—Twillingate vacated by Jack Pickersgill. Granger was successful and became Minister without portfolio in Pearson's Cabinet.

Northwest Territories

Electoral district Name Party First elected/previously elected
Northwest Territories Robert Orange Liberal 1965

Nova Scotia

Electoral district Name Party First elected/previously elected
Antigonish—Guysborough John Benjamin Stewart ‡ Liberal 1962
Cape Breton North and Victoria Robert Muir Progressive Conservative 1957
Cape Breton South Donald MacInnis Progressive Conservative 1957, 1963
Colchester—Hants Cyril Kennedy (resigned 18 September 1967) Progressive Conservative 1957
Robert Stanfield (by-election of 1967-11-06) Progressive Conservative 1967
Cumberland Robert Coates Progressive Conservative 1957
Digby—Annapolis—Kings Pat Nowlan Progressive Conservative 1965
Halifax* Michael Forrestall Progressive Conservative 1965
Robert McCleave Progressive Conservative 1957, 1965
Inverness—Richmond Allan MacEachen Liberal 1953, 1962
Pictou Russell MacEwan Progressive Conservative 1957
Queens—Lunenburg Lloyd Crouse Progressive Conservative 1957
Shelburne—Yarmouth—Clare John Oates Bower Progressive Conservative 1965

Ontario

Electoral district Name Party First elected/previously elected
Algoma East Lester B. Pearson Liberal 1948
Algoma West George E. Nixon Liberal 1940
Brantford James Elisha Brown Liberal 1953, 1962
Brant—Haldimand Lawrence Pennell Liberal 1962
Broadview John Gilbert New Democratic 1965
Bruce John Loney Progressive Conservative 1963
Carleton Dick Bell Progressive Conservative 1957, 1965
Cochrane Joseph-Anaclet Habel Liberal 1953
Danforth Reid Scott New Democratic 1962
Davenport Walter L. Gordon Liberal 1962
Dufferin—Simcoe Ellwood Madill Progressive Conservative 1963
Durham Russell Honey Liberal 1962
Eglinton Mitchell Sharp Liberal 1963
Elgin Harold Stafford Liberal 1965
Essex East Paul Martin Sr. Liberal 1935
Essex South Eugene Whelan Liberal 1962
Essex West Herb Gray Liberal 1962
Fort William Hubert Badanai Liberal 1958
Glengarry—Prescott Viateur Éthier Liberal 1962
Greenwood Andrew Brewin New Democratic 1962
Grenville—Dundas Jean Casselman Wadds Progressive Conservative 1958
Grey—Bruce Eric Winkler Progressive Conservative 1957
Eric Winkler resigned on September 30, 1967 to enter provincial politics Vacant
Grey North Percy Verner Noble Progressive Conservative 1957
Halton Harry Harley Liberal 1962
Hamilton East John Munro ‡ Liberal 1962
Hamilton South William Dean Howe New Democratic 1963
Hamilton West Joseph Macaluso Liberal 1963
Hastings—Frontenac Rod Webb Progressive Conservative 1959
Hastings South Lee Grills Progressive Conservative 1957, 1965
High Park Pat Cameron Liberal 1949, 1962
Huron Robert McKinley Progressive Conservative 1965
Kenora—Rainy River John Mercer Reid Liberal 1965
Kent Harold Danforth Progressive Conservative 1958, 1963
Kingston Edgar Benson Liberal 1962
Lambton—Kent Mac McCutcheon Progressive Conservative 1963
Lambton West Walter Frank Foy Liberal 1962
Lanark Desmond Code Progressive Conservative 1965
Leeds John Matheson ‡ Liberal 1961
Lincoln James McNulty Liberal 1962
London John Alfred Irvine Progressive Conservative 1963
Middlesex East Jim Lind Liberal 1965
Middlesex West William Howell Arthur Thomas Progressive Conservative 1957
Niagara Falls Judy LaMarsh Liberal 1960
Nickel Belt Norman Fawcett New Democratic 1965
Nipissing Carl Legault Liberal 1964
Norfolk Jack Roxburgh Liberal 1962
Northumberland George Hees Progressive Conservative 1950,[lower-alpha 3] 1965
Ontario Michael Starr Progressive Conservative 1952
Ottawa East Jean-Thomas Richard Liberal 1945
Ottawa West George McIlraith Liberal 1940
Oxford Wally Nesbitt Progressive Conservative 1953
Parkdale Stanley Haidasz ‡ Liberal 1957,[lower-alpha 4] 1962
Parry Sound-Muskoka Gordon Aiken Progressive Conservative 1957
Peel Bruce Beer ‡ Liberal 1962
Perth J. Waldo Monteith Progressive Conservative 1953
Peterborough Hugh Faulkner Liberal 1965
Port Arthur Bob Andras Liberal 1965
Prince Edward—Lennox Douglas Alkenbrack Progressive Conservative 1962
Renfrew North Len Hopkins Liberal 1965
Renfrew South Joe Greene Liberal 1963
Rosedale Donald Stovel Macdonald ‡ Liberal 1962
Russell Paul Tardif Liberal 1959
St. Paul's Ian Wahn Liberal 1962
Simcoe East Philip Bernard Rynard Progressive Conservative 1957
Simcoe North Heber Smith Progressive Conservative 1957
Spadina Sylvester Perry Ryan Liberal 1962
Stormont Lucien Lamoureux (†) Liberal 1962
Sudbury Rodger Mitchell (died 4 January 1967) Liberal 1953
Bud Germa (by-election of 1967-05-29) New Democratic 1967
Timiskaming Arnold Peters New Democratic 1957
Timmins Murdo Martin New Democratic 1957
Trinity Paul Hellyer Liberal 1949,[lower-alpha 5] 1958
Victoria William C. Scott Progressive Conservative 1965
Waterloo North Keith Hymmen Liberal 1965
Waterloo South Max Saltsman New Democratic 1964
Welland Donald Tolmie Liberal 1965
Wellington—Huron Marvin Howe Progressive Conservative 1953
Wellington South Alfred Hales Progressive Conservative 1957
Wentworth John B. Morison Liberal 1963
York Centre James Edgar Walker ‡ Liberal 1962
York East Steve Otto Liberal 1962
York—Humber Ralph Cowan Liberal 1962
York North John Hollings Addison Liberal 1962
York—Scarborough Robert Stanbury Liberal 1965
York South David Lewis New Democratic 1962, 1965
York West Robert Winters Liberal 1945,[lower-alpha 6] 1965

Prince Edward Island

Electoral district Name Party First elected/previously elected
King's Melvin McQuaid Progressive Conservative 1965
Prince David MacDonald Progressive Conservative 1965
Queen's* Angus MacLean Progressive Conservative 1951
Heath MacQuarrie Progressive Conservative 1957

Quebec

Electoral district Name Party First elected/previously elected
Argenteuil—Deux-Montagnes Roger Régimbal Progressive Conservative 1965
Beauce Jean-Paul Racine Liberal 1958, 1965
Beauharnois—Salaberry Gérald Laniel Liberal 1962
Bellechasse Herman Laverdière Liberal 1963
Berthier—Maskinongé—delanaudière Antonio Yanakis Liberal 1965
Bonaventure Albert Béchard ‡ Liberal 1962
Brome—Missisquoi Heward Grafftey Progressive Conservative 1958
Cartier Milton L. Klein Liberal 1963
Chambly—Rouville Bernard Pilon Liberal 1962
Champlain Jean-Paul Matte Liberal 1962
Chapleau Gérard Laprise Ralliement Créditiste 1962
Charlevoix Martial Asselin Progressive Conservative 1958, 1965
Chicoutimi Paul Langlois Liberal 1965
Châteauguay—Huntingdon—Laprairie Ian Watson Liberal 1963
Compton—Frontenac Henry Latulippe Ralliement Créditiste 1962
Dollard Jean-Pierre Goyer Liberal 1965
Dorchester Gustave Côté Liberal 1965
Drummond—Arthabaska Jean-Luc Pépin Liberal 1963
Gaspé Russell Keays Progressive Conservative 1958,[lower-alpha 7] 1965
Gatineau Gaston Isabelle Liberal 1965
Hochelaga Gérard Pelletier ‡ Liberal 1965
Hull Alexis Caron (died 31 August 1966) Liberal 1953
Pierre Caron (by-election of 1967-05-29) Liberal 1966
Îles-de-la-Madeleine Maurice Sauvé Liberal 1962
Jacques-Cartier—Lasalle Raymond Rock Liberal 1962
Joliette—l'Assomption—Montcalm Joseph-Roland Comtois Liberal 1965
Kamouraska Charles-Eugène Dionne Ralliement Créditiste 1962
Labelle Gaston Clermont Liberal 1960, 1965
Lac-Saint-Jean Alcide Simard Ralliement Créditiste 1965
Lafontaine Georges-C. Lachance Liberal 1962
Lapointe Gilles Grégoire Ralliement Créditiste 1962
Independent
Laurier Fernand Leblanc Liberal 1964
Laval Jean-Léo Rochon Liberal 1962
Lévis Raynald Guay Liberal 1963
Longueuil Jean-Pierre Côté Liberal 1963
Lotbinière Auguste Choquette Liberal 1963
Maisonneuve—Rosemont J. Antonio Thomas Liberal 1965
Matapédia—Matane René Tremblay Liberal 1963
René Tremblay died on January 22, 1968 Vacant
Mégantic Raymond Langlois Ralliement Créditiste 1962
Mercier Prosper Boulanger Liberal 1962
Montmagny—L'Islet Jean-Charles Richard Berger Liberal 1963
Mount Royal Pierre Trudeau ‡ Liberal 1965
Nicolet—Yamaska Clément Vincent (resigned 4 May 1966) Progressive Conservative 1962
Florian Côté (by-election of 1966-09-19) Liberal 1966
Notre-Dame-de-Grâce Warren Allmand Liberal 1965
Outremont—St-Jean Maurice Lamontagne Liberal 1963
Aurélien Noël (by-election of 1967-05-29) Liberal 1967
Papineau Guy Favreau (resigned 4 April 1967) Liberal 1963
André Ouellet (by-election of 1967-05-29) Liberal 1967
Pontiac—Témiscamingue Thomas Lefebvre Liberal 1965
Portneuf Roland Godin Ralliement Créditiste 1965
Québec—Montmorency Ovide Laflamme ‡ Liberal 1955,[lower-alpha 8] 1965
Quebec East Gérard Duquet Liberal 1965
Quebec South Jean-Charles Cantin ‡ Liberal 1962
Quebec West Jean Marchand Liberal 1965
Richelieu—Verchères Lucien Cardin (resigned 4 April 1967) Liberal 1952
Jacques-Raymond Tremblay (by-election of 1967-05-29) Liberal 1967
Richmond—Wolfe Patrick Tobin Asselin Liberal 1963
Rimouski Louis Guy LeBlanc Liberal 1965
Rivière-du-Loup—Témiscouata Rosaire Gendron Liberal 1963
Roberval Charles-Arthur Gauthier Ralliement Créditiste 1962
Saguenay Gustave Blouin Liberal 1963
St. Ann Gérard Loiselle Liberal 1957
Saint-Antoine—Westmount Charles (Bud) Drury Liberal 1962
Saint-Denis Marcel Prud'homme Liberal 1964
Saint-Henri Hilarion-Pit Lessard Liberal 1958
Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot Théogène Ricard Progressive Conservative 1957
Saint-Jacques Maurice Rinfret Liberal 1962
Maurice Rinfret died on December 26, 1967 Vacant
Saint-Jean—Iberville—Napierville Jean-Paul Beaulieu Progressive Conservative 1965
St. Lawrence—St. George John Turner Liberal 1962
Sainte-Marie Georges Valade Progressive Conservative 1958
Saint-Maurice—Laflèche Jean Chrétien ‡ Liberal 1963
Shefford Louis-Paul Neveu Liberal 1965
Sherbrooke Maurice Allard Independent Progressive Conservative 1958,[lower-alpha 9]1965
Stanstead Yves Forest Liberal 1963
Terrebonne Léo Cadieux Liberal 1962
Trois-Rivières Joseph-Alfred Mongrain Independent 1965
Vaudreuil—Soulanges René Émard Liberal 1963
Verdun Bryce Mackasey ‡ Liberal 1962
Villeneuve Réal Caouette Ralliement Créditiste 1946,[lower-alpha 10] 1962

Saskatchewan

Electoral district Name Party First elected/previously elected
Assiniboia Lawrence Watson Progressive Conservative 1963
Humboldt—Melfort—Tisdale Reynold Rapp Progressive Conservative 1958
Kindersley Reg Cantelon Progressive Conservative 1958
Mackenzie Stanley Korchinski Progressive Conservative 1958
Meadow Lake Bert Cadieu Progressive Conservative 1958
Melville James Ormiston Progressive Conservative 1958
Moose Jaw—Lake Centre J. Ernest Pascoe Progressive Conservative 1958
Moose Mountain Richard Southam Progressive Conservative 1958
Prince Albert John Diefenbaker Progressive Conservative 1940
Qu'Appelle Alvin Hamilton Progressive Conservative 1957
Regina City Ken More Progressive Conservative 1958
Rosetown—Biggar Ronald McLelland Progressive Conservative 1965
Rosthern Edward Nasserden Progressive Conservative 1958
Saskatoon Lewis Brand Progressive Conservative 1965
Swift Current—Maple Creek Jack McIntosh Progressive Conservative 1958
The Battlefords Albert Horner Progressive Conservative 1958
Yorkton G. Drummond Clancy Progressive Conservative 1958

Yukon

Electoral district Name Party First elected/previously elected
Yukon Erik Nielsen Progressive Conservative 1957

By-elections

By-electionDateIncumbentPartyWinnerPartyCauseRetained
Jasper—Edson November 6, 1967 Hugh Horner      Progressive Conservative Douglas Caston      Progressive Conservative Resignation Yes
Bonavista—Twillingate November 6, 1967 Jack Pickersgill      Liberal Charles Ronald Granger      Liberal Resignation Yes
Colchester—Hants November 6, 1967 Cyril Kennedy      Progressive Conservative Robert L. Stanfield      Progressive Conservative Resignation to provide a seat for Stanfield Yes
Sudbury May 29, 1967 Rodger Mitchell      Liberal Bud Germa      New Democratic Death No
Hull May 29, 1967 Alexis Caron      Liberal Pierre Caron      Liberal Death Yes
Outremont—St-Jean May 29, 1967 Maurice Lamontagne      Liberal Aurélien Noël      Liberal Resignation Yes
Papineau May 29, 1967 Guy Favreau      Liberal André Ouellet      Liberal Resignation Yes
Richelieu—Verchères May 29, 1967 Lucien Cardin      Liberal Jacques-R. Tremblay      Liberal Resignation Yes
Burin—Burgeo September 19, 1966 Chesley W. Carter      Liberal Don Jamieson      Liberal Called to the Senate Yes
Grand Falls—White Bay—Labrador September 19, 1966 Charles Ronald Granger      Liberal Andrew Chatwood      Liberal Resignation Yes
Nicolet—Yamaska September 19, 1966 Clément Vincent      Progressive Conservative Florian Coté      Liberal Resignation No

Notes

References

  • Government of Canada. "19th Ministry". Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation. Privy Council Office. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
  • Government of Canada. "27th Parliament". Members of the House of Commons: 1867 to Date: By Parliament. Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-12-20. Retrieved 2006-11-30.
  • Government of Canada. "Duration of Sessions". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2007-11-14. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
  • Government of Canada. "General Elections". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-05-04. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
  • Government of Canada. "Key Dates for each Parliament". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2005-09-14. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
  • Government of Canada. "Leaders of the Opposition in the House of Commons". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
  • Government of Canada. "Prime Ministers of Canada". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
  • Government of Canada. "Speakers". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-09-17. Retrieved 2006-05-12.

Succession

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