3317 Paris
Discovery [1]
Discovered byC. Shoemaker
E. Shoemaker
Discovery sitePalomar Obs.
Discovery date26 May 1984
Designations
(3317) Paris
Pronunciation/ˈpɛərɪs/[2][3]
Named after
Paris (Greek mythology)[1]
1984 KF · 1963 QD
1982 BN3 · 1982 DC
Jupiter trojan [1][4][5]
Trojan [6][7] · background [7]
AdjectivesParidian
Orbital characteristics [4]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc54.43 yr (19,879 d)
Aphelion5.8845 AU
Perihelion4.5601 AU
5.2223 AU
Eccentricity0.1268
11.93 yr (4,359 d)
245.60°
0° 4m 57.36s / day
Inclination27.866°
135.90°
2022-Jan-09[8]
149.91°
Jupiter MOID0.4085 AU
TJupiter2.7530
Physical characteristics
Dimensions116.0 km × 116.0 km[9]
Mean diameter
116.26±5.2 km[10]
118.79±1.18 km[11]
120.45±1.65 km[12]
7.048±0.005 h[13][lower-alpha 1]
7.082±0.001 h[14]
7.082±0.004 h[15]
7.091±0.002 h[16][lower-alpha 1]
0.055±0.009[11]
0.059±0.002[12]
0.0625 (derived)[5]
0.0626±0.006[10]
T (SMASS-II)[9]
D (Bus–DeMeo)[9]
B–V = 0.960±0.060[17]
V–R = 0.480±0.040[17]
V–I = 0.950±0.010[5]
8.30[1][5][10][12]
8.32±0.27[18]
8.4[11]

    3317 Paris, provisional designation 1984 KF, is a large Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 119 kilometers (74 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 26 May 1984 by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at Palomar Observatory in California, United States.[1] The unusual and likely spherical T-type asteroid is one of the largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 7.1 hours.[5] It was named after Trojan prince Paris from Greek mythology.[1]

    Orbit and classification

    Paris is located in the L5 Lagrangian point, 60° behind Jupiter in the so-called Trojan camp.[6] It is also a non-family asteroid of the Jovian background population.[7][9]

    It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.6–5.9 AU once every 11 years and 11 months (4,359 days; semi-major axis of 5.22 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 28° with respect to the ecliptic.[4] The body's observation arc begins as 1963 QD at Goethe Link Observatory in August 1963, more than 20 years prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar.[1]

    Physical characteristics

    In the SMASS classification, Paris is a rare T-type asteroid, while in the Bus–DeMeo classification it is a dark D-type asteroid, the most common type among the Jupiter trojans.[9] Its V–I color index of 0.95 is typical for D-type asteroids.[5]

    Rotation period

    Several rotational lightcurve have been obtained since November 1990, when the first photometric observations of Paris – made by Italian astronomer Stefano Mottola, using the ESO 1-metre telescope at La Silla Observatory in Chile – gave a rotation period of 7.082±0.004 hours with a brightness variation of 0.08±0.01 magnitude. In July 1998, Mottola measured an identical period with an amplitude of 0.10 at Calar Alto Observatory in Spain (U=2+/2+).[5][15]

    Follow-up observations by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies during 2016–2017 measured a period of 7.048 and 7.091 hours, each with an amplitude of 0.11 magnitude (U=3-/3-),[13][16][lower-alpha 1] superseding a period of 7.08 hours by René Roy and Federico Manzini reported in 2008 and 2009, respectively (U=2/2+).[14] The low brightness variation measured in all photometric observations is also indicative of a spherical, rather than elongated shape.[5]

    Diameter and albedo

    An occultation of a star by Paris was measured on 17 August 2010, and gave a major and minor occultation axis of 116.0 × 116.0 kilometers (poor fit).[9]

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Paris measures between 116.26 and 120.45 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.055 and 0.0626.[10][11][12] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0625 and adopts a diameter of 116.26 kilometers from IRAS, based on an absolute magnitude of 8.3.[5]

    In the catalogs of the three mentioned surveys above, Paris is the 6th, 10th and 11th largest Jupiter trojan, respectively.

    100+ largest Jupiter trojans
    Largest Jupiter Trojans by survey(A)
    (mean-diameter in kilometers; YoD: Year of Discovery)
    Designation H WISE IRAS Akari Ln RP V–I YoD Ref
    624 Hektor7.2225233230.99L46.920.9301907list
    617 Patroclus8.19140.362140.92140.85L5102.800.8301906list
    911 Agamemnon7.89131.038166.66185.30L46.590.9801919list
    588 Achilles8.67130.099135.47133.22L47.310.9401906list
    3451 Mentor8.4126.288116.30117.91L57.700.7701984list
    3317 Paris8.3118.790116.26120.45L57.090.9501984list
    1867 Deiphobus8.3118.220122.67131.31L558.660.9301971list
    1172 Äneas8.33118.020142.82148.66L58.710.9501930list
    1437 Diomedes8.3117.786164.31172.60L424.490.8101937list
    1143 Odysseus7.93114.624125.64130.81L410.110.8601930list
    2241 Alcathous8.64113.682114.63118.87L57.690.9401979list
    659 Nestor8.99112.320108.87107.06L415.980.7901908list
    3793 Leonteus8.7112.04686.2687.58L45.620.7801985list
    3063 Makhaon8.4111.655116.14114.34L48.640.8301983list
    1583 Antilochus8.6108.842101.62111.69L431.540.9501950list
    884 Priamus8.81101.09396.29119.99L56.860.9001917list
    1208 Troilus8.99100.477103.34111.36L556.170.7401931list
    1173 Anchises8.8999.549126.27120.49L511.600.7801930list
    2207 Antenor8.8997.65885.1191.32L57.970.9501977list
    2363 Cebriones9.1195.97681.8484.61L520.050.9101977list
    4063 Euforbo8.795.619102.46106.38L48.850.9501989list
    2357 Phereclos8.9494.62594.9098.45L514.390.9601981list
    4709 Ennomos8.591.43380.8580.03L512.280.6901988list
    2797 Teucer8.789.430111.14113.99L410.150.9201981list
    2920 Automedon8.888.574111.01113.11L410.210.9501981list
    15436 Dexius9.187.64685.7178.63L48.970.8701998list
    3596 Meriones9.287.38075.0973.28L412.960.8301985list
    2893 Peiroos9.2386.88487.4686.76L58.960.9501975list
    4086 Podalirius9.185.49586.8985.98L410.430.8701985list
    4060 Deipylos9.384.04379.2186.79L49.300.7601987list
    1404 Ajax9.383.99081.6996.34L429.380.9601936list
    4348 Poulydamas9.582.03270.0887.51L59.910.8401988list
    5144 Achates9.080.95891.9189.85L55.960.9201991list
    4833 Meges8.980.16587.3389.39L414.250.9401989list
    2223 Sarpedon9.4177.48094.63108.21L522.740.8801977list
    4489 Dracius9.076.59592.9395.02L412.580.9501988list
    2260 Neoptolemus9.3176.43571.6581.28L48.180.9501975list
    5254 Ulysses9.276.14778.3480.00L428.720.9701986list
    3708 Socus9.375.66179.5976.75L56.550.9801974list
    2674 Pandarus9.174.26798.10101.72L58.481.0001982list
    3564 Talthybius9.473.73068.9274.11L440.590.9001985list
    4834 Thoas9.172.33186.8296.21L418.190.9501989list
    7641 Cteatus9.471.83968.9775.28L427.770.9801986list
    3540 Protesilaos9.370.22576.8487.66L48.950.9401973list
    11395 Iphinous9.868.97764.7167.78L417.38–1998list
    4035 Thestor9.668.73368.2366.99L413.470.9701986list
    5264 Telephus9.468.47273.2681.38L49.530.9701991list
    1868 Thersites9.568.16370.0878.89L410.480.9601960list
    9799 Thronium9.668.03364.8772.42L421.520.9101996list
    4068 Menestheus9.567.62562.3768.46L414.400.9501973list
    23135 Pheidas9.966.23058.2968.50L48.690.8602000list
    2456 Palamedes9.365.91691.6699.60L47.240.9201966list
    3709 Polypoites9.165.29799.0985.23L410.041.0001985list
    1749 Telamon9.564.89881.0669.14L416.980.9701949list
    3548 Eurybates9.663.88572.1468.40L48.710.7301973list
    4543 Phoinix9.763.83662.7969.54L438.871.2001989list
    12444 Prothoon9.863.83564.3162.41L515.82–1996list
    4836 Medon9.563.27767.7378.70L49.820.9201989list
    16070 Charops9.763.19164.1368.98L520.240.9601999list
    15440 Eioneus9.662.51966.4871.88L421.430.9701998list
    4715 Medesicaste9.762.09763.9165.93L58.810.8501989list
    34746 Thoon9.861.68460.5163.63L519.630.9502001list
    38050 Bias9.861.60361.0450.44L418.850.9901998list
    5130 Ilioneus9.760.71159.4052.49L514.770.9601989list
    5027 Androgeos9.659.78657.86n.a.L411.380.9101988list
    6090 Aulis9.459.56874.5381.92L418.480.9801989list
    5648 Axius9.759.29563.91n.a.L537.560.9001990list
    7119 Hiera9.759.15076.4077.29L44000.9501989list
    4805 Asteropaios10.057.64753.1643.44L512.37–1990list
    16974 Iphthime9.857.34155.4357.15L478.90.9601998list
    4867 Polites9.857.25158.2964.29L511.241.0101989list
    2895 Memnon10.056.70655.67n.a.L57.500.7101981list
    4708 Polydoros9.954.96455.67n.a.L57.520.9601988list
    (21601) 1998 XO8910.054.90955.6756.08L412.650.9701998list
    12929 Periboea9.954.07761.0455.34L59.270.8801999list
    17492 Hippasos10.053.97555.67n.a.L517.75–1991list
    5652 Amphimachus10.153.92153.1652.48L48.371.0501992list
    2759 Idomeneus9.953.67661.0152.55L432.380.9101980list
    5258 Rhoeo10.253.27550.77n.a.L419.851.0101989list
    (12126) 1999 RM1110.153.202n.a.n.a.L5n.a. ?1999list
    (15502) 1999 NV2710.053.10055.6750.86L515.130.8751999list
    4754 Panthoos10.053.02553.1556.96L527.68–1977list
    4832 Palinurus10.052.05853.16n.a.L55.321.0001988list
    5126 Achaemenides10.551.92244.2248.57L453.02–1989list
    3240 Laocoon10.251.69550.77n.a.L511.310.8801978list
    4902 Thessandrus9.851.26361.0471.79L47380.9601989list
    11552 Boucolion10.151.13653.1653.91L532.44–1993list
    (20729) 1999 XS14310.450.96146.30n.a.L45.721.0001999list
    6545 Leitus10.150.95153.16n.a.L416.260.9101986list
    4792 Lykaon10.150.87053.16n.a.L540.090.9601988list
    21900 Orus10.050.81055.6753.87L413.450.9501999list
    1873 Agenor10.150.79953.7654.38L520.60–1971list
    5028 Halaesus10.250.77050.77n.a.L424.940.9001988list
    2146 Stentor9.950.75558.29n.a.L416.40–1976list
    4722 Agelaos10.050.37853.1659.47L518.440.9101977list
    5284 Orsilocus10.150.15953.16n.a.L410.310.9701989list
    11509 Thersilochos10.149.96053.1656.23L517.37–1990list
    5285 Krethon10.149.60658.5352.61L412.041.0901989list
    4791 Iphidamas10.149.52857.8559.96L59.701.0301988list
    9023 Mnesthus10.149.15150.7760.80L530.66–1988list
    5283 Pyrrhus9.748.35664.5869.93L47.320.9501989list
    4946 Askalaphus10.248.20952.7166.10L422.730.9401988list
    (22149) 2000 WD4910.248.19050.7750.37L47.841.0902000list
    (32496) 2000 WX18210.248.01750.7751.63L523.340.9502000list
    5120 Bitias10.247.98750.77n.a.L515.210.7801988list
    12714 Alkimos10.147.81961.0454.62L428.48–1991list
    7352 Hypsenor9.947.73155.67 47.07L56480.8501994list
    1870 Glaukos10.647.64942.23n.a.L55.99—1971list
    4138 Kalchas10.146.46253.1661.04L429.20.8101973list
    (23958) 1998 VD3010.246.00150.7747.91L45620.9901998list
    4828 Misenus10.445.95446.30 43.22L512.870.9201988list
    4057 Demophon10.145.68353.16n.a.L429.821.0601985list
    4501 Eurypylos10.445.52446.30n.a.L46.05–1989list
    4007 Euryalos10.345.51548.4853.89L46.39–1973list
    5259 Epeigeus10.344.74142.5944.42L418.42–1989list
    30705 Idaios10.444.54646.30n.a.L515.74–1977list
    16560 Daitor10.743.86151.4243.38L5––1991list
    (15977) 1998 MA1110.443.53046.3051.53L52500.9061998list
    7543 Prylis10.642.89342.23n.a.L417.80–1973list
    4827 Dares10.542.77044.22n.a.L519.00–1988list
    1647 Menelaus10.542.71644.22n.a.L417.740.8661957list
    (A) Used sources: WISE/NEOWISE catalog (NEOWISE_DIAM_V1 PDS, Grav, 2012); IRAS data (SIMPS v.6 catalog); and Akari catalog (Usui, 2011); RP: rotation period and V–I (color index) taken from the LCDB

    Note: missing data was completed with figures from the JPL SBDB (query) and from the LCDB (query form) for the WISE/NEOWISE and SIMPS catalogs, respectively. These figures are given in italics. Also, listing is incomplete above #100.

    Naming

    This minor planet was named from Greek mythology, after prince Paris, one of the many sons of King Priam of Troy. His abduction of Helen of Troy, wife of Menelaus, gave cause to the Trojan War.[1] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 27 December 1985 (M.P.C. 10312).[19]

    In culture

    • In Schlock Mercenary several characters are held hostage by the mob in some corporate offices located on 3317 Paris.[20]

    Notes

    1. 1 2 3 Lightcurve plots of (3317) Paris from Feb 2016, Jan 2017 by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies (U81). Quality code is 3/3- (lightcurve rating at CS3). Summary figures at the LCDB and CS3.

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "3317 Paris (1984 KF)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
    2. ↑ Classical pronunciation. /ˈpærɪs/ is the city.
    3. ↑ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
    4. 1 2 3 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3317 Paris (1984 KF)" (2018-01-23 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
    5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "LCDB Data for (3317) Paris". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 5 March 2018.
    6. 1 2 "List of Jupiter Trojans". Minor Planet Center. 4 October 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
    7. 1 2 3 "Asteroid (3317) Paris – Proper elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
    8. ↑ JPL Horizons Observer Location: @sun (Perihelion occurs when deldot changes from negative to positive.)
    9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Asteroid 3317 Paris". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
    10. 1 2 3 4 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
    11. 1 2 3 4 Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Masiero, J. R.; Nugent, C. R. (November 2012). "WISE/NEOWISE Observations of the Jovian Trojan Population: Taxonomy". The Astrophysical Journal. 759 (1): 10. arXiv:1209.1549. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759...49G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/49. S2CID 119101711. (online catalog)
    12. 1 2 3 4 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    13. 1 2 Stephens, Robert D.; Coley, Daniel R.; French, Linda M. (July 2016). "A Report from the L5 Trojan Camp - Lightcurves of Jovian Trojan Asteroids from the Center for Solar System Studies". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 43 (3): 265–270. Bibcode:2016MPBu...43..265S. ISSN 1052-8091.
    14. 1 2 Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (3317) Paris". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
    15. 1 2 Mottola, Stefano; Di Martino, Mario; Erikson, Anders; Gonano-Beurer, Maria; Carbognani, Albino; Carsenty, Uri; et al. (May 2011). "Rotational Properties of Jupiter Trojans. I. Light Curves of 80 Objects". The Astronomical Journal. 141 (5): 32. Bibcode:2011AJ....141..170M. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/141/5/170.
    16. 1 2 Stephens, Robert D.; Coley, Daniel R. (July 2017). "Lightcurve Analysis of Trojan Asteroids at the Center for Solar System Studies 2017 January - March". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 44 (3): 252–257. Bibcode:2017MPBu...44..252S. ISSN 1052-8091. PMC 7243922. PMID 32455404.
    17. 1 2 Chatelain, Joseph P.; Henry, Todd J.; French, Linda M.; Winters, Jennifer G.; Trilling, David E. (June 2016). "Photometric colors of the brightest members of the Jupiter L5 Trojan cloud". Icarus. 271: 158–169. Bibcode:2016Icar..271..158C. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2016.01.026.
    18. ↑ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. S2CID 53493339.
    19. ↑ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
    20. ↑ Tayler, Howard (20 July 2010). "Schlock Mercenary archives - Tuesday, July 20, 2010". Schlock Mercenary. Archived from the original on 24 July 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
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