World War II

The 414th Fighter Group as activated on 15 October 1944 at Seymour Johnson Field and equipped with Republic P-47 Thunderbolts.^[2] Most of the pilots had been flying Curtiss P-40s at Harris Neck Army Air Field, Georgia.^[4] The group consisted of three squadrons, the 413th,^[5] 437th^[6] and 456th Fighter Squadrons.^[2][7]

3-ship formation of Very Long Range P-47N Thunderbolts

In November 1944 the group relocated to Selfridge Field, Michigan^[2] where they transitioned into long-range P-47N Thunderbolts.^[4] On 19 March 1945, the Group moved to Bluethenthal Field, North Carolina^[2] in preparation for their departure to the Pacific war zone.

An advance echelon left in May 1945 and the remainder of the group left for the Pacific on converted aircraft carriers. The first element left from the Pacific Coast in June^[8] on USS Cape Esperance, with 49 planes for Iwo Jima, arriving on 7 July.^[9] USS Casablanca, with 60 planes departed on 7 July 1945 and arrived at Guam on 22 July 1945.^[4] On arrival in the Pacific, the 414th Group was assigned to the 301st Fighter Wing^[3] of VII Fighter Command, part of Twentieth Air Force. The air echelon that was based temporarily on Guam flew two missions from Harmon Field to Truk, one of the Caroline Islands,^[2] beginning on 13 July^[9] intending to attack Japanese planes, but found none. The group suffered its first combat loss on these missions.^[4]

The portion of the group on Iwo Jima began operations with an attack against a radar station on Chichi Jima with guns and rockets on 29 July.^[9] Operations during August were directed primarily against enemy airfields in Japan but the group also strafed hangars, barracks, ammunition dumps, trains, marshalling yards and shipping.^[2] A raid on Okazaki was diverted due to visibility and the secondary target, Nagoya Airfield, had no planes, so the group's fighters strafed buildings on the field.^[4]

Boeing B-29 Superfortress navigation "pathfinders" led the Thunderbolts to and from Japan. If the rendezvous with the pathfinder for the return journey was missed, it was a daunting prospect to find the way back to Iwo Jima 600 miles away. On return from one of the group's first operations supporting B-29s over Kyūshū on 8 August, the fuel supplies of several Thunderbolts were exhausted and pilots bailed out near Navy ships patrolling the route. Lt. Robert Dunnavant, of the 437th Fighter Squadron, spent 8 hours and 45 minutes in the air in his Thunderbolt. Rather than trying to land at North Field he landed at a small Navy airstrip on the island's coast because of his lack of fuel.^[4]

On 12 August 1945, the portion of the group at Guam attempted to join the rest of the unit on Iwo Jima, but severe weather forced them to divert to Tinian and Saipan. Two pilots, Roy Abbott, and George W. Caka, were lost on this flight due to the weather. On 16 August, they again departed from Guam, where they had re-gathered, and flew the 720 miles to Iwo.^[4] No attack missions to Japan were flown by the group after 14 August.^[10] In total, the group flew five missions to Japan from Iwo Jima.^[4]

The group's final mission was in a show of force on 30 August 1945, three days before V-J Day. Their fighters and B-29s flew over Tokyo as the instrument of surrender was being finalized by General Douglas MacArthur on USS Missouri.^[4]

The group was reassigned to 13th Air Force at Clark Field in the Philippines in late December 1945.^[2] The Group flew a mix of P-47Ns, North American P-51 Mustangs, and then a few Lockheed P-80 Shooting Stars. Most of the group's aircraft were moved to Floridablanca Airfield in 1946, where they were used to equip the 18th Fighter Group.^[4] The 414th was inactivated at the end of September.^[2]

Air Defense Command

437th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron F-89H, AF Ser. No. 54–0310 in 1956

437th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron F-101B, AF Ser. No. 57-0434 in 1967

The 414th Fighter Group (Air Defense) was reactivated in 1955 at Oxnard Air Force Base, California^[2] as part of Project Arrow, which was designed to bring back on the active list the fighter units which had compiled memorable records in the two world wars.^[11] The group assumed the air defense mission, personnel, and equipment of the 533d Air Defense Group, which was simultaneously inactivated.^[12] Because Project Arrow was also designed to reunite World War II groups and their historic components, the 437th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron moved on paper from Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts to Oxnard and took over the Lockheed F-94C Starfires^[6] of the 533d's 354th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, which left Oxnard for McGhee-Tyson Airport, Tennessee.^[13]

The 414th became the USAF host organization for Oxnard and was assigned several support organizations to carry out this mission.^{[14][15][16][17][18]} The 414th also provided logistical support for Air Defense Command Air Force Stations (radar sites) in the vicinity of Oxnard.^[19] The group mission was "to provide [the] southern California area with combat ready aircraft and crews to repel an enemy force attempting to strike against the United States."^[20]

By April 1956, the group had traded in its F-94s for Northrop F-89D Scorpions.^[21] Like the F-94 it replaced, the F-89D was armed with Mighty Mouse rockets. Within a month, the squadron began to receive F-89H aircraft alongside its D models.^[21] The H model was capable of carrying AIM-4 Falcon guided missiles in addition to its unguided rockets. In the spring of 1958 the squadron converted to the most recent Scorpion, the F-89J,^[21] which was capable of carrying the nuclear capable AIR-2 Genie as its armament.

460th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron Convair F-106A refueling from a KC-135 September 1968

In December 1957, the 66th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron moved from Alaska to Oxnard and was assigned to the group.^[22] However, the squadron was inactivated the following month without being assigned personnel or aircraft.^[23] In January 1960 the group began to receive its first supersonic "Century Series" fighter, the McDonnell F-101B Voodoo. It continued to fly the Voodoo until September 1968 when the 437th squadron was inactivated and replaced by the 460th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, which was equipped with the Convair F-106 Delta Dart. The F-106s for this conversion came from the inactivating 456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron at Castle Air Force Base, California.^[24] The group operated this interceptor until the end of 1969 when it was inactivated as ADC reduced its manned interceptor force in view of the reduced threat to the United States from Soviet bomber aircraft.^[12] All its components were inactivated as well, except for the 460th, which moved to Kingsley Field, Oregon,^[25] where it replaced the 59th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, a Convair F-102 Delta Dagger unit.^[26]

Air Force Reserve

The 414th was reactivated in 2010^[3] as an associate fighter group with the 4th Fighter Wing of Air Combat Command, once again at Seymour Johnson AFB, North Carolina, where it had first been activated in 1944. This time its mission was to train aircrew and assist in maintaining the F-15E.^[1] It was assigned the 307th Fighter Squadron and the 414th Maintenance Squadron to carry out this mission.^[3]

Assignments

Subordinate Units

Stations

Aircraft flown

Awards and campaigns

Award streamer	Award	Dates	Notes
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 July 1966-30 June 1968	414th Fighter Group (Air Defense)[31]

Campaign Streamer	Campaign	Dates	Notes
	Air Offensive, Japan	7 July 1945 – 2 September 1945	414th Fighter Group, Single Engine[2]
	Eastern Mandates	7 July 1945 – 2 September 1945	414th Fighter Group, Single Engine[2]

Notes

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

• Buss, Lydus H.(ed), Sturm, Thomas A., Volan, Denys, and McMullen, Richard F., History of Continental Air Defense Command and Air Defense Command July to December 1955, Directorate of Historical Services, Air Defense Command, Ent AFB, CO, (1956)
• Cornett, Lloyd H; Johnson, Mildred W (1980). A Handbook of Aerospace Defense Organization, 1946–1980 (PDF). Peterson AFB, CO: Office of History, Aerospace Defense Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.
• AF Pamphlet 900-2, Unit Decorations, Awards and Campaign Participation Credits Archived 4 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine Department of the Air Force, Washington, DC, 15 June 1971