ADAC Laboratories
IndustryMedical Devices
Founded1970 (1970)
Defunct2000 (2000)
FateAcquired by Philips
Headquarters
United States
Number of employees
720
ARC 3000 Gantry & Patient Table
ARC 3000 showing detector printed circuit boards
ARC 3000 Mobile Collimator Cart & Storage Rack
Argus single head gamma camera
Solus dual head gamma camera
Vertex MCD gamma camera with automatic exchanger
Forte dual head gamma camera
Skylight dual headed gamma camera
Pegasys Ultra 10
Skylight serial number label on 2008 manufactured system showing ADAC Laboratories Milpitas address.

ADAC Laboratories[1][2] was a Silicon Valley medical device company specialising in nuclear medicine gamma camera manufacturing and associated nuclear medicine processing computers and software. It was originally located at 10300 Bubb Road, Cupertino, California, 95014, then as the company expanded moved in turn to the following locations. 4747 Hellyer Avenue, San Jose, CA 951,[3] then 255 San Geronimo Way, Sunnyvale, CA,[4] then from ~1993,[5] 540 Alder Drive Milpitas, CA 95035. Although most people called the company ADAC or adaclabs, the name ADAC was an acronym of Analytical Development Associates Corporation.[6] It was incorporated in California on October 14, 1970.[7]

In the early years ADAC developed both small nuclear medicine related hardware and software products but between 1975 and the 1980s, become better known for their computer systems such as the CDS and DPS acquisition and processing systems. In 1987–88 ADAC maintained Philips ARC gamma camera installed base under licence and In ~1991 Philips exited the nuclear medicine market. At that time, the Dutch vendor licensed its nuclear technology to both ADAC and Digital Design of France".[8] The 1990s were the dominant decade for ADAC in terms of gamma camera production, manufacturing the Argus, Genesys, Polaris, Thyrus, Transcam, Vertex, Forte and Skylight gamma cameras as well as the EPIC detector and molecular coincidence detection (MCD) option, along with the Pegasys nuclear medicine processing workstation and radiation treatment planning systems (RTP). In 1993 it was sued by Elscint for patent infringement and in 1994 purchased Philips' nuclear medicine patent portfolio, consisting of 13 U.S. patents and 56 foreign patents and patent applications.[8] "ADAC announced it had filed a patent infringement claim against Elscint in U.S. District Court in San Jose, California, charging Elscint with violating the Philips patents. ADAC filed the lawsuit in direct response to the Elscint litigation".[8] In 1996, ADAC was the recipient of a Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award[9][10] and during that year employed 720 people worldwide.[11]

ADAC Laboratories was acquired by Philips in 2000 for $426 million, and incorporated into Philips Medical Systems (later Philips Healthcare).[12] ADAC continued to operate from the Milpitas location until around 2006 and was submitting FDA pre-market filings under the company name ADAC Laboratories, Milpitas, until 2006, where upon the 540 Alder Drive, Milpitas operation was closed and ADAC become fully integrated into the Philips organisation.

Products

Network based Nuclear Medicine Analysis and early products

Year Product Description Notes
1972 Mednet[6] Network based Nuclear Medicine Analysis (off site)
1972 Patient Positioning Chair for Mednet System[6]
1974 RP/ED (Renal Perfusion/Excretion Determination)[13] Software based feature for Mednet product
1974[14] AW 1450 automatic well counter[14] Isotometer well counter[14]
- Gamma Probes Such as model PA-6[15]
- Interface Instrumentation
1975[15] ADAC MUS 10[15] Mobile uptake system, thyroid uptake, cardiac output, clearance studies such as kidney & liver. Includes Spectrometer/scaler model SS-101, single probe stand on wheels, model SPS-4 and a gamma probe, model PA-6. Optional teleprinter on mobile cart, model ASR-33, ADAC Lister, model ADL-150[15]

Nuclear Medicine Acquisition/Processing and Processing Only Workstations

Year Product Description Notes
1975 Clinical Data System I (CDS I)[16][17] ADAC first advertised computer for less than $30,000 with 32K memory (Dec 1975)[16] Hardware unknown but probably DEC based.
1976[18] Clinical Data System II (CDS II)[18] Similar to ADAC's clinical Data System I but with an increase in memory to 40K x 16, dual 7" and 9" displays instead of a single display, 64 shades of gray, 512x512 image matrix, light pen with eight regions of interest (ROI's), dual 8" floppy disc drives. High speed 110 characters/sec printer, clinical software packages, in vivo & in vitro data analysis, optional extras: third disk drive which allows simultaneous processing while acquiring data, 64k x 16 memory, 8" x 10" film camera, Polaroid camera, FORTRAN IV compiler, paper tape reader for input of RIA, high speed disk drive for list mode and mass storage, remote dual displays, color display, image transmission via telephone, Microdot (Serale TM) interface.[18]
1980 System I, II, III and IV[19] Nuclear Medicine Acquisition and Processing Workstation Based on DEC hardware.
1985 DPS 3300 Micro[20] Nuclear Medicine Acquisition and Processing Workstation, ethernet (10BASE5) can be used to connect multiple DPS 3300 micros together. Includes one 5.25" floppy disc drive. Based on DEC 11/23 hardware with RT11 O.S.
- DPS 33000[21] Nuclear Medicine Processing Workstation Based on DEC hardware with RT11 O.S.
1988 Viewpoint[22] Remote viewing station MicroVAX system?
1988 Centor[21] - MicroVax system
1989 PegasysX[23] Nuclear Medicine Processing Workstation Based on Sun Solaris
1995 Pegasys Ultra 1 Nuclear Medicine Processing Workstation Based on Sun Solaris
1997 Pegasys Ultra 60 Nuclear Medicine Processing Workstation Based on Sun Solaris
1998 Pegasys Ultra 10 Nuclear Medicine Processing Workstation Based on Sun Solaris
- Pegasys HD Nuclear Medicine Processing Workstation Based on Sun Solaris
2001 Pegasys Blade 150 Nuclear Medicine Processing Workstation Based on Sun Solaris
2004 Jetstream Workspace (2004)[24] PC, Windows O.S. Post Philips acquisition but FDA pre-market filings as ADAC Laboratories, Alder Dr., Milpitas.

Digital Radiography Systems

Year Product Description Notes
1982 DPS 2800[25][3] Digital Processing System 510(k) premarket notification, decision 07/Feb/1982[[26] Applicant: ADAC Laboratories, Jellingvej 5, 92320 Svenstrup, Denmark, DK[26]
1982 DPS 4050[27] Digital Radiography System[28] 510(k) premarket notification, decision 06/Sep/1982[28] Applicant: ADAC Laboratories, Jellingvej 5, 92320 Svenstrup, Denmark, DK[28]
1982 DPS 6100[29] Multi Modality Digital Processing System 510(k) premarket Notification, Decision 07/Sep/1982[29] Applicant: ADAC Laboratories, Jellingvej 5, 92320 Svenstrup, Denmark, DK[29]
1983 PDX-4800[30] Electronic Image Processing and Recording Apparatus which Converts Conventional X-Rays to a Digital Format[31] 510(k) premarket notification, decision 03/Jan/1983[30] Applicant: ADAC Laboratories, Jellingvej 5, 92320 Svenstrup, Denmark, DK[30]
1984 DPS 7100 Digital Radiography System[32] 510(k) premarket notification, decision 10/Jan/1984[32] Applicant: ADAC Laboratories, 803 N. Front St. Suite 3, Mchenry, IL 60050[32]
1985 DPS 4070[33] Digital Radiography System[34] 510(k) premarket notification, decision 16/Apr/1985[34] Applicant: ADAC Laboratories, 4747 Hellyer Avenue, San Jose, CA 95138.[34]
1988 DTV-4114[35] Fluoroscopic Television Camera[35] 510(k) premarket notification, decision 18/May/1988[35] Applicant: ADAC Laboratories, 540 Alder Drive, Milpitas, CA 95035.

Gamma Cameras

Year Product Description Notes
- ARC 3000[3] Single detector.
1987 ARC 5000[36][37] Single detector. 510(k) premarket notification, decision 30/Oct/1987[37] Applicant: ADAC Laboratories, 540 Alder Drive, Milpitas, CA 95035.
1988 Genesys SH[38] Single rectangular detector, dual ring gantry design.
1990 Genesys DH[39] Dual rectangular detectors, dual ring gantry design.
1991 Cirrus[40] Single detector 510(k) premarket notification, decision 23/Oct/1991[40] Applicant: ADAC Laboratories, 540 Alder Drive, Milpitas, CA 95035.
1993 Argus analogue detector Single rectangular detector 20"x15".[41]
1993 Polaris[42] Single circular detector. Produced by the company's Danish subsidiary, ADAC A/S
1993 Thyrus 510(k) premarket notification, decision 21/Jun/1993[43] ADAC Laboratories 540 Alder Dr. Milpitas,  CA  95035. Manufactured by the company's Danish subsidiary, ADAC A/S
1994 EPIC Detector The EPIC detector was introduced in 1994 and replaces the analogue rectangular detector.[7]
- Transcam Single round detector, mobile Manufactured by the company's Danish subsidiary, ADAC A/S
1994 Vantage Simultaneous transmission/emission attenuation correction ADAC plans to file for FDA 510(k) clearance for Vantage Jun 1994[44]
- Argus EPIC detector Single rectangular detector.
1995[45] Vertex Classic Dual rectangular detector, 180/90° user selectable geometry, dual ring gantry design, automatic collimator exchange
1995[46] Vertex Cardio EPIC Dual rectangular detector, 90° fixed geometry, dual ring gantry design.
1995[46] Vertex Solus EPIC Dual rectangular detector, 180° fixed geometry, dual ring gantry design.
- Vertex PLUS Dual rectangular detector, 180/90° user selectable geometry, dual ring gantry design.
- Vertex Amazon V60 Dual rectangular detector, 180/90° user selectable geometry, dual ring gantry design.
1995 MCD Technology Molecular Coincidence Detection (MCD) was introduced in Jun 1995[7]
1995[47] Vertex with MCD Dual rectangular detector, 180/90° user selectable geometry, dual ring gantry design, with Molecular Coincidence Detection (MCD)
1998[48] Forte Classic Dual rectangular detector, 180/90° user selectable geometry, single ring gantry design. The Forte gantry was a design by DDD, manufactured by ADAC Laboratories.
- Forte Power Pack Dual rectangular detector, 180/90° user selectable geometry, single ring gantry design.
- Forte with MCD Dual rectangular detector, 180/90° user selectable geometry, single ring gantry design.
1999[49] Skylight EPIC Dual rectangular detectors, 19=80/90 user selectable geometry, overhead gantry with suspended detectors. With EPIC detectors

Products post Philips acquisition but issuing FDA pre-market filings as ADAC Laboratories, 540 Alder Dr., Milpitas, CA 95035.

Year Product Description Notes
2001 Gemini[50]
2001 Skylight (modification) Option added: "to acquire a single head acquisition studies on two separate but simultaneous planar patients"
- Skylight (modification) EPIC detectors replaced with AZ detectors. Although the name ADAC Laboratories had been replaced with Philips in regards to the main brand labels on the Skylight, there were still references to ADAC on the serial number labels as late as 2008. See photo.[51]
2005 Precedence[52] SPECT/CT imaging system
2006 Apollo[53] Larger bore Forte with 3/4" rather the 5/8" crystals, not sold under the name Apollo. From FDA information this product was sold under the name Philips Brightview

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Year Product Description Notes
1993 C-PET
- C-PET Plus
2001 Allegro

Radiation Treatment Planning Systems

Year Product Description Notes
1982 RTP 5000[54]
1985 XL-Plan 23 & XL-Plan 73[55][56] 510(k) premarket notification, decision 18/Jul/1985[55]
- Pinnacle[57]
- Pinnacle3[58]
- ePinnacle[58]

Healthcare Information Systems (ADAC Laboratories, Milpitas and HCIS a subsidiary of ADAC Laboratories )

Year Product Description Notes
~1985-87 MARS II[56] Radiology Management System For clerical and administrative functions in a diagnostic imaging department
- Envoi
- QuadRIS[59]
- CorCAAT[60] Cardiology Systems
- CAATi[60] Cardiology Systems

ADAC Laboratories were once the US domestic market leaders[2] and as of 2021 are still in clinical use around the world[61][62][63] and are also used for commercial & educational use[64]

Corporate Affairs

Company Acquisitions

  • 1993 SD&G Healthcare Systems, Inc., specializing in radiology information systems.[65]
  • 1995 Community Health Computing (CHC), Inc., specializing in laboratory and radiology information systems[65]
  • 1997 Cortet, Inc., a developer of integrated computer systems for use in cardiac catheterization laboratories[65]

Patent Acquisitions

  • ADAC purchases Philips' nuclear medicine patent portfolio, consisting of 13 U.S. patents and 56 foreign patents and patent applications. (1994)[8]

Litigation

Corporate Officers

  • Lowe, David L (CEO/Director)
  • Eckert, R Andrew (CEO/Director)
  • Starr, Robert A (Director)
  • Simone Phillip A (Treasurer)
  • Czerwinski, Stanley D (CEO/Director)
  • King, Graham O. (Director)
  • Masterson, Karen L (Corporate Secretary)
  • Adac Medical Technologies, Inc[66]
  • Adac Laboratories[66]
  • Adac Research & Manufacturing, Inc[66]
  • Adac/SD&G Healthcare Systems, Inc[66]
  • Adac Radiology Services, Inc[66]
  • Adac Healthcare Partners, Inc[66]

ADAC International Subsidiaries

  • ADAC Laboratories (Australia)[48]
  • ADAC Laboartories (Brazil)[48]
  • ADAC Laboratories (Canada)[48]
  • ADAC Laboratories (Denmark)[48] (Jellingvej 5 9230 Svenstrup, Denmark,  DK)
  • ADAC Laboratories (France)[48]
  • ADAC Laboratories (Germany)[48]
  • ADAC Laboratories (Italy)[48]
  • ADAC Laboratoires (Japan)[48]
  • ADAC Laboratories (Latin America)[48]
  • ADAC Laboratories (Netherlands) (European H.Q.)[48]
  • ADAC Laboratories (Pacific)[48]
  • ADAC Laboratories (United Kingdom)[48] Thame, Oxfordshire.

References

  1. ↑ "ADAC Laboratories Home Page". Archived from the original on 18 October 1996. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  2. 1 2 "ADAC LABORATORIES | JOC.com". www.joc.com. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  3. 1 2 3 ADAC (1 May 1984). "ADAC advertisement for ARC-3000 gamma camera and 2800 and 3300 computers" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 25 (5): 51 52.
  4. ↑ "Medi+Physics advertisement" (PDF). jnm.snmjournals.org. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  5. ↑ "540 Alder Dr, Milpitas". ClustrMaps.com. Retrieved 2021-12-23.
  6. 1 2 3 ADAC (1 November 1972). "ADAC Mednet, Advert JNM Vol 13 Issue 11" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 13 (11): 22.
  7. 1 2 3 "Adac Laboratories 10K 1996 Annual report | ADAC Filing". docoh.com. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "ADAC patent suit turns tables on nuclear competitor Elscint". Diagnostic Imaging. Retrieved 2021-12-23.
  9. ↑ Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award 1996 Recipient.
  10. ↑ "First Device Firm to Win Baldrige Award Finds Profit in Quality". mddionline.com. 2009-01-01. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  11. ↑ "Adac Laboratories 10K 1996 Annual report | ADAC Filing". docoh.com. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  12. ↑ Philips to acquire ADAC Labs
  13. ↑ ADAC (1 March 1974). "RP/ED Analysis" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 15 (3): 29 of adversing.pdf.
  14. 1 2 3 ADAC (1 January 1974). "ADAC AW1450 Automatic Well Counter" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 15 (1): 43 44.
  15. 1 2 3 4 ADAC (1 February 1975). "ADAC MUS 10 mobile uptake" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 16 (2): 20.
  16. 1 2 ADAC (1 December 1975). "ADAC's first computer (<$30,000) (32K memory)" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 16 (12): 60.
  17. ↑ ADAC (1 June 1975). "ADAC's Clinical Data System" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 16 (6): 63.
  18. 1 2 3 ADAC (1 January 1976). "ADAC Clinical Data System II (1976)" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 17 (1): 41,42.
  19. ↑ ADAC, Labs (1 December 1980). "System I,II,II & IV" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 21 (12): 16 of advertising.pdf.
  20. ↑ ADAC. "ADAC DPS 3300 Micro, 510(k) Premarket Notification". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-12-27. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  21. 1 2 "Dps-33,000 With Centor Option 510(k) FDA Premarket Notification K881017 ADAC LABORATORIES". fda.report. Retrieved 2023-03-29.
  22. ↑ "Viewpoint 510(k) FDA Premarket Notification K882205 ADAC LABORATORIES". fda.report. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  23. ↑ ADAC (1 November 1989). "ADAC Pegasys" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 30 (11): 15–16.
  24. ↑ ADAC. "ADAC Jetstream Workspace, 510(k) Premarket Notification". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-12-27. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  25. ↑ "Adac Model Dps-2800 Digital Processing System 510(k) FDA Premarket Notification K827581 ADAC LABORATORIES". fda.report. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  26. 1 2 ADAC. "ADAC DPS 2800 , 510(k) Premarket Notification". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-12-27. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  27. ↑ "Model Dps-4050 Digital Radiography System 510(k) FDA Premarket Notification K827502 ADAC LABORATORIES". fda.report. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  28. 1 2 3 ADAC. "ADAC DPS 4050 510(k) Premarket Notification". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-12-27. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  29. 1 2 3 ADAC. "ADAC DPS 6100 510(k) Premarket Notification". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-12-27. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  30. 1 2 3 ADAC. "ADAC PDX-4800 510(k) Premarket Notification". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-12-27. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  31. ↑ "PDX-4800 Trademark of ADAC Laboratories Serial Number: 73420747 :: Trademarkia Trademarks". trademark.trademarkia.com. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  32. 1 2 3 ADAC. "ADAC DPS 7100, 510(k) Premarket Notification". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-12-27. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  33. ↑ Arnold, B. A. (1986), "Noise Analysis in Digital Radiography", Digital Radiography, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 55–81, doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5068-2_4, ISBN 978-1-4684-5070-5, retrieved 2021-12-21
  34. 1 2 3 ADAC. "ADAC DPS 4070, 510(k) Premarket Notification". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-12-27. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  35. 1 2 3 ADAC. "ADAC DTV-4114 510(k) Premarket Notification". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-12-27. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  36. ↑ "Adac Model Arc-5000, Gamma Camera 510(k) FDA Premarket Notification K873075 ADAC LABORATORIES". fda.report. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  37. 1 2 ADAC. "ADAC ARC 5000, 510(k) Premarket Notification". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-12-27. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  38. ↑ Medicine, Society of Nuclear (1988-09-01). "New Products". Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology. 16 (3): 174. ISSN 0091-4916.
  39. ↑ Medicine, Society of Nuclear (1990-12-01). "New Products". Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology. 18 (4): 25A. ISSN 0091-4916.
  40. 1 2 ADAC. "ADAC Cirrus 510(k) Premarket Notification". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-12-27. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  41. ↑ ADAC. "ADAC Argus" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 34 (7): 25.
  42. ↑ Medicine, Society of Nuclear (1993-06-01). "New Products". Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology. 21 (2): 9A. ISSN 0091-4916.
  43. ↑ "Thyrus 510(k) FDA Premarket Notification K930283 ADAC LABORATORIES". fda.report. Retrieved 2021-12-29.
  44. ↑ ADAC. "ADAC Vantage attenuation correction. SPECT advances propel nuclear medicine at SNM's Orlando show". Diagnostic Imaging. Archived from the original on 2020-10-26. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
  45. ↑ "ADAC enjoys return to growthwith strong third-quarter results". Diagnostic Imaging. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  46. 1 2 "ADAC solidifies market positionwith new SNM product releases". Diagnostic Imaging. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  47. ↑ "Historical Timeline - SNMMI". www.snmmi.org. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  48. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ADAC (1 November 1999). "ADAC Forte with Ultra 60, listing ADAC subsidiaries" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 40 (11): 35–36.
  49. ↑ "FDA clears ADAC Skylight gamma camera". Diagnostic Imaging. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  50. ↑ "Gemini Imaging System 510(k) FDA Premarket Notification K013521 ADAC LABORATORIES". fda.report. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  51. ↑
  52. ↑ "Precedence Spect/ct Imaging System 510(k) FDA Premarket Notification K051351 ADAC LABORATORIES". fda.report. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  53. ↑ "Apollo Gamma Camera System 510(k) FDA Premarket Notification K062298 ADAC LABORATORIES". fda.report. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  54. ↑ "Rtp-5000 510(k) FDA Premarket Notification K813439 ADAC LABORATORIES". fda.report. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  55. 1 2 ADAC. "ADAC XL-PLAN 23 & XL-PLAN 510(k) premarket notification". Archived from the original on 2021-12-30.
  56. 1 2 ADAC (1 March 1987). "ADAC XL-PLAN & MARS II" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 28 (3): 15 16.
  57. ↑ Abraham, David; Colussi, Valdir; Shina, Donald; Kinsella, Timothy; Sibata, Claudio (2000-12-01). "TBI treatment planning using the ADAC Pinnacle Treatment Planning System". Medical Dosimetry. 25 (4): 219–224. doi:10.1016/S0958-3947(00)00049-2. ISSN 0958-3947. PMID 11150693.
  58. 1 2 Team, Elekta Web. "Elekta and ADAC announce strategic alliance for complete IMRT Planning and Delivery Solution". Elekta AB. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  59. ↑ www.adachcis.com, ADAC (13 October 1999). "QuadRIS". www.adachcis.com. Archived from the original on 1999-10-13. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  60. 1 2 "ADAC HCIS - Cardiology Solutions". 2000-01-24. Archived from the original on 24 January 2000. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  61. ↑ "VERTEX". BC Technical. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  62. ↑ "Philips Forte Parts – ANC Medical". Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  63. ↑ "MIC Ltd - News Archive - IS2 / Positron, Philips / ADAC, DDD, Skylight, FORTE, Pulse". www.mic-nucmed.co.uk. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  64. ↑ "ADAC Forte positron camera". University of Birmingham. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  65. 1 2 3 "ADAC HCIS - Company Overview". 2000-03-03. Archived from the original on 3 March 2000. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  66. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "540 Alder Dr, Milpitas". ClustrMaps.com. Retrieved 2021-12-23.
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