AEL Limassol
Full nameΑθλητική Ένωση Λεμεσού
Athlitiki Enosi Lemesou
Nickname(s)"Galazo-Kitrinoi"(Yellow-Blues)
"Leontes (Lions)'
Short nameAEL
Founded4 October 1930 (1930-10-04)
GroundAlphamega Stadium
Capacity11,000
ManagerToni Koskela
LeagueFirst Division
2022–23First Division, 9th
WebsiteClub website

Athlitiki Enosi Lemesou (Greek: Αθλητική Ένωση Λεμεσού, lit.'Athletic Union of Limassol') is a Cypriot sports club based in the city of Limassol, most famous for its football team.

AEL Limassol also maintains a men's and women's basketball teams, a women's volleyball team and a (newly established in 1976) Futsal team, a women's handball team as well as a cricket team. AEL Limassol is one of the oldest and most decorated football clubs on the island and the most successful club in Limassol with 17 official football trophies consisting of 6 first division championships, 7 cups and 4 super cups.[1]

History

The club was founded on 4 October 1930, with Stavros Pittas serving as the club's first president.[2] The football section of the club competed in its first game on 6 January 1931 against PSC, winning 6–1 in Limassol.[2] The club won the national championship in 1934 though this is not credited as it is an unofficial title.[3] Later that year, AEL became one of the eight founding members of the Cypriot First Division for the 1934–35 season, the first official league of the country.[2][3]

AEL Limassol celebrated its first official title success in 1941, defeating APOEL 4–3 in a two-legged championship play-off.[3] AEL fans had to wait 12 years until tasting title success again, as the club finally became champions of Cyprus again in 1953.[2][3] AEL would twice repeat this success, winning back-to-back league championships in 1955 and 1956.[4]

The club won its last major trophy in 1989 – before the title success of 2012 –[5] when it defeated city rivals Aris Limassol 3–2 after extra time in final of the Cypriot Cup.[6][7]

In 2011, after disappointingly finishing in seventh-place in the previous campaign, AEL hired Pambos Christodoulou,[8] who had a reputation of steering "modest sides away from relegation", to start the club's rebuilding process.[9] AEL Limassol secured the Cypriot league title for the first time since 1968 on 5 May 2012, ending a 44-year drought without a Cypriot first division title.[10]

Christodoulou had a dream-like first season at the helm AEL, as his side was unbeaten and had not conceded any goals through the first five games. At the end of the second round, AEL finished top of the table,[11] three points clear of the second placed team and had only conceded seven goals, the best defensive record of all the league teams. In the play-off round, AEL battled with the top four teams for the championship, winning it with one game to spare and conceding only nine goals. As Christodoulou has managed to bring AEL the championship crown,[12][13][14][15] he was nicknamed by fans "Pambourinho", a combination of his name and of esteemed manager José Mourinho.

AEL received the championship trophy during a spectacular "fiesta" evening at the Tsirio Stadium on the evening of Saturday 12 May 2012. They followed this with an open-top bus parade through Limassol. Up to 12,000 AEL fans packed the stadium to watch the fiesta and trophy presentation.

The club then turned their attention to the Cup Final of 16 May against Omonia and the chance to be crowned double winners for the first time in club history; the club, however, lost 1–0 in the final.[16] The following year, AEL made it to the group stage of a UEFA tournament for the first time, finishing last and picking up four points in their UEFA Europa League group.[17]

On 22 October 2013, Angolan manager Lito Vidigal was sacked after just over three months in charge.[18] Bulgarian Ivaylo Petev was appointed as AEL's manager on 25 October, having previously guided Ludogorets Razgrad to promotion to the A Group as well as two A Group titles, a Bulgarian Cup win as well as a triumph in the Bulgarian Super Cup.[18] Petev signed an initial deal to stay at AEL until the end of the 2014–15 season.[18]

At the end of the 2013–14 season, AEL finished in first place in the initial phase of the competition. Going into the championship match against APOEL on 17 May 2014, AEL needed only a draw to secure their second league title in three years. The match, however, was abandoned (at 0–0) after 52 minutes when firecrackers thrown by AEL fans struck APOEL player Kaká.[19] The match was replayed behind closed doors at a neutral stadium on 31 May 2014, and APOEL achieved to win their second consecutive league title after beating AEL 1–0, courtesy of a Cillian Sheridan goal.[20][21] On 6 June 2014, the Cyprus Football Association's (CFA) disciplinary committee – acting as an appeals board – unanimously cancelled on the CFA council's decision to repeat the 17 May championship final, awarding the match to APOEL with a 0–3 score.[22] AEL winger Jorge Monteiro finished the season as joint-top scorer in the league with 18 goals, and the former Porto academy product was voted player of the year by the CFA. AEL finished in the 4th place of the championship of 2016–2017 and as a result the team won a place in the first qualifying round of Europa League. Furthermore, AEL achieved to go up to third qualifying round from a not fair play game from the referee Artyom Kuchin and the players of Austria Wien. The referee had shown the white dot of the penalty for a ghost foul outside of the box of AEL and a red card for AEL defender Marco Airosa in the twenty second minute. AEL had fight for the win for the whole game to achieve two goals that send her in the play-offs but the score finished 1–2.[23]

AEL Limassol 1930

The football department of AEL is legally owned by AEL Football (Public) Ltd (Greek: ΑΕΛ Ποδόσφαιρο Δημόσια ΛΤΔ), a public limited company, from 2009 until 31 May 2023. The company's main activity is the management, operation and commercial exploitation of AEL Football club. After the vote of confidence by the AEL Board of Directors, from 1 June 2023 the football team will pass into the hands of our association.

Stadium

AEL Limassol has been playing its home matches at the 13,331-seat Tsirio Stadium until 2022. Tsirio Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Limassol. It is mostly used for football matches and was also the home ground of Apollon Limassol FC and Aris Limassol FC. The stadium was built in 1975.

The construction of the Alphamega Stadium replaced Tsirio Stadium as the home ground of AEL Limassol. The first match on the new Stadium was ΑΕL vs Olympiakos, with a score of 2–0 on 23 December 2022.[24] The capacity of the new stadium is 10,700 seats.[25]

Current squad

As of 8 January 2024

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
2 DF Cyprus CYP Christoforos Frantzis
4 DF Cyprus CYP Constantinos Soteriou
5 DF Portugal POR Hugo Basto
6 MF Serbia SRB Slobodan Medojević (captain)
7 MF Cyprus CYP Evangelos Andreou
8 MF Cyprus CYP Vasilios Papafotis (vice captain)
9 FW Burundi BDI Saido Berahino
10 MF Argentina ARG Javier Mendoza
14 MF Serbia SRB Slavoljub Srnić
15 DF Dominican Republic DOM Luiyi de Lucas
16 GK Portugal POR Miguel Oliveira
17 FW Guinea GUI Ahmad Mendes Moreira
20 MF Sweden SWE Alexander Kačaniklić
21 MF England ENG George Marsh
No. Pos. Nation Player
22 MF Cyprus CYP Evdoras Silvestros
23 DF Germany GER Petar Filipovic
25 FW Sierra Leone SLE Jonathan Morsay
32 GK Cyprus CYP Michalis Kyriakou
33 FW Cyprus CYP Andreas Makris
34 FW Cyprus CYP Michalis Kolias
49 DF Cyprus CYP Kypros Neofytou
66 DF Brazil BRA Djalma Silva
71 MF Cyprus CYP Giannis Gerolemou
73 FW Cyprus CYP Themis Themistokleous
77 FW Cameroon CMR Fabrice Kah
91 DF Belgium BEL Sébastien Dewaest
99 GK Greece GRE Giannis Anestis

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
GK Cyprus CYP Panagiotis Kyriakou (on loan to Doxa Katokopias until 31 May 2024)
FW Cyprus CYP Panagiotis Louka (on loan to Akritas Chlorakas until 31 May 2024)
FW Cyprus CYP Adonis Nikolettidis (on loan to Peyia 2014 until 31 May 2024)

Current staff

Technical staff
Head coach Finland Toni Koskela
Assistant coach Finland Teemu Tainio
Assistant coach Cyprus Markos Spanos
Team Director Cyprus Angelos Perikleous
Goalkeeping coach Cyprus Marios Stavrinides
Fitness coach Cyprus Sotiris Roussis
Trainer/Rehabilitation coach Cyprus Giannis Vasilopoulos
Medical staff
Head doctor Cyprus Dr. Theodoros Philippou
Physical Therapist Cyprus Giorgos Zantis
Physical Therapist Cyprus Polys Achilleos
Physical Therapist Cyprus Kimonas Papamiltiadous
Chiropractor Cyprus Nikos Poullis

Honours

Champions (6): 1940–41, 1952–53, 1954–55, 1955–56, 1967–68, 2011–12
Runners-up (2): 1947–48, 2013–14
Champions: 1996–97
Champions (7): 1938–39, 1939–40, 1947–48, 1984–85, 1986–87, 1988–89, 2018–19
Runners-up (12): 1937–38, 1940–41, 1958–59, 1978–79, 1987–88, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2008–09, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2022–23
Champions (4): 1953, 1968, 1985, 2015
Runners-up (5): 1955, 1987, 1989, 2012, 2019

UEFA club coefficient ranking

UEFA Team Ranking 2022

UEFA Club ranking

RankCountryTeamPoints
286Georgia (country)Saburtalo5.000
287AlbaniaTeuta4.500
288CyprusAEL Limassol3.500
289HungaryDebrecen3.500
290HungaryKecskemét1.500

Last update: 24 December 2023
Source:

European record

1R = First round, PR = Preliminary round, Q = Qualifying round, PO = play-off round.

Season Competition Round Club 1st leg 2nd leg Aggregate
1968–69 European Cup 1R Spain Real Madrid 0–6 0–6 0–12
1985–86 European Cup Winners' Cup 1R Czechoslovakia Dukla Prague 2–2 0–4 2–6
1987–88 European Cup Winners' Cup PR Czechoslovakia DAC Dunajská Streda 0–1 1–5 1–6
1989–90 European Cup Winners' Cup 1R Austria Admira Wacker 0–3 1–0 1–3
2002–03 UEFA Cup QR Hungary Ferencváros 0–4 2–1 2–5
2012–13 UEFA Champions League 2Q Northern Ireland Linfield 3–0 0–0 3–0
3Q Serbia Partizan 1–0 1–0 2–0
PO Belgium Anderlecht 2–1 0–2 2–3
UEFA Europa League Group C France Marseille 1–5 3–0 4th place
Turkey Fenerbahçe 0–1 0–2
Germany Borussia Mönchengladbach 0–0 0–2
2014–15 UEFA Champions League 3Q Russia Zenit 1–0 0–3 1–3
UEFA Europa League PO England Tottenham Hotspur 1–2 0–3 1–5
2017–18 UEFA Europa League 1Q Gibraltar St Joseph's 4–0 6–0 10–0
2Q Luxembourg Progrès Niederkorn 1–0 2–1 3–1
3Q Austria Austria Wien 0–0 1–2 1–2
2019–20 UEFA Europa League 2Q Greece Aris 0–0 0–1 0–1
2021–22 UEFA Europa Conference League 2Q Albania Vllaznia 1–0 1–0 2–0
3Q Azerbaijan Qarabağ 1–1 0–1 1–2

Managerial history

Presidential history

# Name From To Period
1. Stavros Pittas 1930 1932 2yrs
2. Kriton Tornaritis 1932 1934 2yrs
3. Yiangos Limanititis 1934 1953 19yrs
4. Nikos Solomonides 1953 1971 18yrs
5. Nikos Kountas 1971 1976 5yrs
6. Georgios Tornaritis 1976 1982 6yrs
7. Loris Lysiotis 1982 1996 14yrs
8. Dimitris Solomonides 1996 2002 6yrs
9. Giorgos Frantzis 2002 2003 1yrs
10. Akis Ellinas 2003 2005 2yrs
11. Agis Agapiou 2005 2006 1yrs
12. Marios Herodotou 2006 2007 1yrs
13. Zacharias Koundouros 2007 2008 1yrs
14. Andreas Sofocleous 2008 2018 10yrs
15. Costas Christodoulou 2018 2022 5yrs
16. Nicos Christodoulides 2022 Present 1yrs

AEL Football Academies

  • Cypriot U21 Championships: 13
1940, 1951, 1960, 1973, 1978, 1983, 1984, 1989, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2008
Runners-up: 1
2012
  • Cyprus U21 Cup: 1
1997
  • Cypriot U19 Championships: 1
2018(Participating 2018–19 UEFA Youth League)
  • Cypriot U17 Championships: 6
2004, 2005, 2007, 2011, 2012, 2018
Runners-up: 1
2019
  • priot U16 Championships: 1
2017
  • Cypriot U15 Championships: 2
2005, 2009
  • Cypriot U13 Championships: 3
2006, 2008, 2017

AEL Limassol departments

AEL Limassol Basketball Club (PAYABL EKA AEL)

Since 1966, AEL sports club maintains both men's and women's professional basketball teams.

Since the 2022—23 season, both the men's and women's teams currently operate under the same administration and are both referred to for sponsorship reasons as PAYABL EKA AEL. The men's team won the 2002–03 FIBA Europe Regional Challenge Cup, thereby making AEL the only Cypriot sports club to have won a European title.

Both the men's and women's basketball team are considered to be the most successful teams in Cyprus in terms of trophies won and therefore both teams are referred to by Basketball fans and enthusiasts as "The Queen " (Greek: "Η Βασίλλισα").

AEL Limassol Futsal Club

The futsal club was founded in 2009 and the same year became a member of the Cyprus Futsal Federation. AEL Futsal won its first trophy during the 2016–17 season, by winning the 2016–17 Cypriot Futsal Cup.

In 2022–23, the team won its first Cypriot Futsal Championship. In the same season, the team also had the chance to win what would be the domestic futsal treble (Championship, Cup and Super Cup), by reaching the Cypriot Futsal Cup final, however AEL was defeated in the final. The club did however manage to win the 2023 Cypriot Futsal Super Cup, defeating APOEL 8–2 in the final.

As 2023 Cypriot Futsal Champions, AEL participated in the 2023–24 UEFA Futsal Champions League, reaching the last 32 stage of the competition, which is a Cypriot first.

Futsal Team Titles
Cypriot Futsal Championship 1 (2022–23)
Cypriot Futsal Cup 1 (2016–17)
Cypriot Futsal Super Cup 1 (2023)

AEL Limassol Women's Volleyball Club (Robomarkets AEL)

FullnameRobomarkets ΑΕΛ
NicknamesΒασίλισσα (Greek)
Queen (English)
Tranbunker Danoi ΑΕΛ founded1976
Team ColorsYellow With Blue
ArenaNicos Solomonidis
Arena NicknameΤο κλουβί (Greek)
The Cage (English)
Arena Capacity3,000
Women Volleyball Team Titles
Championship titles: 30 (1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2021)
Cup titles: 28 (1978, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2011)
Super Cup titles: 13 (1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2012)
Women U21 Volleyball Team Titles
Championship titles: 11 (1987, 1988, 1991, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2010)
Cup titles: 5 (2000, 2002, 2004, 2009, 2010)
Women U17 Volleyball Team Titles
Championship titles: 11 (1995, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009)
Cup titles: 1 (2000)

A founding member of the Cyprus Volleyball Federation in 1976, AEL's women team has dominated in the Cypriot volleyball. The team's achievements are phenomenal; Out of the 32 seasons played so far in Cyprus since the commencement of the women's volleyball league, the team won the Championship 27 times. Out of the 31 cups they won it 27 times, 24 consecutive times, from 1980 until 2003. Also they have won the Championship 15 consecutive times, from 1977 until 1991. They have also the amazing records of winning the Double 12 times from 1980 until 1991 and 9 times from 1993 until 2001. In the past the club had also a men's team for 10 years which participated in the Cypriot Championship.

Bowling team

The bowling club was founded in 1999 and the same year became a member of the Limassol District Federation. In 2001, the team participated in the Cypriot Championship as one of the two representatives of the Limassol District Federation. In the team won its first trophy by winning the Limassol District Federation Cup and in 2006 its first Championship by winning the Limassol District Federation Championship. The home of the team is the Galaktika Bowling Center.[26]

Player
Cyprus Christos Krassas
Cyprus Michalis Perikleous
Cyprus Matthaios Armeftis
Cyprus Niki Schiza
Cyprus Kyriakos Hadjitofis
Cyprus Stelios Potamitis
Cyprus Christos Antoniou
Bowling Team Titles
Limassol Championship: 4 (2006, 2008, 2009, 2010)
Limassol Cup: 5 (2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009)

Billiards team

The idea to create an AEL Billiards team started in September 2008 with Dimitris Dimitriou as the leader and took "flesh and bones" on September 10, 2010. AEL-Billiards from its very first participation showed that it will be the star and that they will be among the great teams of Cyprus.[27]

The first match took place on October 4, 2010 away from home against the BREAK-TEAM team and AEL won with a score of 4-1. A symbolic date because it coincides with the founding of our beloved club in 1930! With a great start, 6 wins in 6 matches this season, AEL finished in 3rd place, just 1 point from 2nd place leading to the all-Cypriot final-four. A point of reference is that from the very first year it had victories over all its rival teams. AEL's HEADQUARTERS were located in the "DYNAMIC PoolHall".[27] The first roster of AEL billiards club consisted of:

Player
Cyprus Stelios Avgousti (C)
Cyprus Sotiris Neophytou
Cyprus Friksos Gavriel
Cyprus Marios Constantinou
Cyprus Giannis Theocharous
Billiards club Titles
Cyprus Pro-League 1 (2013–14)
Cypriot Championship (eight–ball), 1 (2019)
Cypriot Championship (ten–ball) 1 (2019)

Cycling team

The cycling team was founded in 2001 and the same year became a member of the Limassol District Federation. The first men's cycling team consisted of the following : Κωνσταντίνος Ιωάννου, Στέλιος Βασιλάκης, Χριστόφορος Στεφάνου, Αλέξης Κέστας, Mark Williams, Σταύρος Αντωνίου, Χρίστος Παναγιώτου, William de Doncker.

Cycling Team Titles
General – Road cup: 3 (2004, 2005, 2006)
Men – Road cup: 3 (2004, 2005, 2006)
Masters 1 – Road cup: 1 (2006)
Masters 2 – Road cup: 3 (2004, 2005, 2006)

E-sports team

AEL has also an e-sports department.

Boxing team

The boxing team was formed in 2023 and trains at the AEL boxing gym at Nicos Solomonides Arena.

Defunct sports departments

Apart from the currently active sports departments, AEL had in the past some other sports departments, which today are defunct. Despite this, these currently not active departments had all won titles for AEL when they were active.

Field hockey

In the past AEL Limassol had a field hockey team which is currently not active. The team had plenty of victories led by its star player Renos Antoniadis. In 1931, AEL won the Cup in a match which was played in Larnaca. One year later, the team became Cypriot Champions. The team consisted of the following players: Antoniadis, Pareas, Frangos, Christophides, Michaelides, Kalogirou, Victor Mousteris, Anastasiadis and Williamson. However, there were no further hockey competitions in Cyprus afterwards, as the other hockey teams of the era closed down their hockey departments because of financial problems.

Handball

Another AEL sport department that currently does not exist is the handball. The team was active for a small period of time but that did not stop the team from adding another trophy to the hundreds that AEL won in various other sports. On 11 June 1989, a day after the football team of the club won the Cypriot Cup, the handball team won the Cypriot Cup in handball by beating Youth Centre Larnaca 23–19 in the final which was played in Lefkotheo Indoor Hal, Nicosia.

Volleyball

AEL maintains 3 teams for women's volleyball but does not currently have a men's Volleyball team.

Waterpolo

AEL was also active in maritime sports, especially those that needed team participation. AEL pioneered in Regattas in 1932, 1933 and 1934 in the Cyprus Regatta Games. The members of the team were Nearchos Pieris, Christakis Dixon, Andreas Araouzos, Sotiris Antoniades and Maximos Morides. The club had also a waterpolo team which was unbeaten Cypriot Champions. The team achieved a noted victory against a selected team of the Royal Navy which were then Mediterranean Champions. Apart from the Cypriot Championships, AEL won the Mediterranean Naval Cup.

References

  1. "96 trophies". Archived from the original on 4 December 2010. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Ιστορία Συλλόγου (in Greek). AEL Limassol. Archived from the original on 24 September 2011.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Cyprus – List of Final Tables 1931–1998". RSSSF. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011.
  4. "Cyprus – List of Final Tables 1931–1998". RSSSF. 6 January 2005. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  5. "AEL Limassol end 44-year Cypriot title wait". UEFA. 5 May 2012.
  6. "Cyprus Coca Cola Cup".
  7. "Cyprus – Cup History 1934–1996". RSSSF. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  8. "Pambos Christodoulou: AEL FC was my dream!" (in Greek). Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
  9. "Season review: Cyprus". UEFA. 18 May 2012.
  10. "AEL Limassol end 44-year title wait". FIFA. 5 May 2012. Archived from the original on 9 May 2012.
  11. "AEL Lemesos won the Championship" (in Greek). Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  12. "Pambos Christodoulou: My first Championship Crown" (in Greek). Archived from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  13. "AEL Lemesos Cypriot Championship Winners 2011–2012" (in Greek). Archived from the original on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  14. "AEL Limassol end a long time title wait". Archived from the original on 9 May 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  15. "AEL Limassol end 44-year Cypriot title wait with Pambos Christodoulou". 5 May 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  16. "Κυπελλούχος η Ομόνοια". Κυπριακή Ομοσπονδία Ποδοσφαίρου. 16 May 2012.
  17. "AEL – History". UEFA. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
  18. 1 2 3 "European Football – Coach who was chased out by hooligans named AEL Limassol boss". Eurosport. 25 October 2013. Archived from the original on 23 October 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  19. "Soccer-Cyprus FA wants title decider replayed after violence". Yahoo! News. 23 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  20. "Sheridan strike hands APOEL Cypriot title". UEFA. 31 May 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  21. "Sheridan strike hands APOEL Cypriot title". UEFA. 31 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  22. "APOEL are champions... again!". cyprus-mail.com. 6 June 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
  23. "Season review: Cyprus". UEFA. 10 June 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  24. "Ολοκληρώθηκαν τα εγκαίνια του «Alphamega Stadium»". sigmalive.com (in Greek). 25 November 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  25. "Γήπεδο Λεμεσού: «Παραθυράκι» για αύξηση χωρητικότητας". kathimerini.com.cy (in Greek). 20 October 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  26. "BOWLING". ΑΕΛ | ΑΘΛΗΤΙΚΗ ΕΝΩΣΗ ΛΕΜΕΣΟΥ. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  27. 1 2 "ΜΠΙΛΙΑΡΔΟ". ΑΕΛ | ΑΘΛΗΤΙΚΗ ΕΝΩΣΗ ΛΕΜΕΣΟΥ. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
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