Acer grandidentatum
Bigtooth maple, Wasatch Mountains, Utah
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Sapindaceae
Genus: Acer
Section: Acer sect. Acer
Series: Acer ser. Saccharodendron
Species:
A. grandidentatum
Binomial name
Acer grandidentatum
Generalized natural range

Acer grandidentatum, commonly called bigtooth maple, is a species of maple native to interior western North America. It occurs in scattered populations from western Montana to central Texas in the United States and south to Coahuila in northern Mexico.

Description

It is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 10–15 metres (33–49 feet) tall and a trunk of 20–35 centimetres (8–14 inches) diameter. The bark is dark brown to gray, with narrow fissures and flat ridges creating plate-like scales; it is thin and easily damaged. The leaves are opposite, simple, 6–12 cm (2+1⁄4–4+3⁄4 in) long and broad, with three to five deep, bluntly-pointed lobes, three of the lobes large and two small ones (not always present) at the leaf base; the three major lobes each have 3–5 small subsidiary lobules. The leaves turn golden yellow to red[2] in autumn (less reliably in warmer areas). In Texas, specimens do not color well if they have a heavy seed year.[3]

The flowers appear with the leaves in mid spring; they are produced in corymbs of 5–15 together, each flower yellow-green, about 4–5 millimetres (3⁄16–3⁄16 in) diameter, with no petals. The fruit is a paired samara (two winged seeds joined at the base), green to reddish-pink in color, maturing brown in early fall; each seed is globose, 7–10 mm (1⁄4–3⁄8 in) diameter, with a single wing 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) long.

Taxonomy

It is closely related to Acer saccharum (sugar maple), and is treated as a subspecies of it by some botanists, as Acer saccharum subsp. grandidentatum (Nutt.) Desmarais.[4][5]

Distribution and habitat

It grows from the Rocky Mountains in southeast Idaho, through Utah[2] and further south.

It commonly grows in limestone soils but can adapt to a wide range of well-drained soils, from sand to clays to even white limestone areas. It prefers sheltered canyons, valleys, and the banks of mountain streams, primarily at higher elevations but occasionally at lower elevations in disjunct locales such as the southern edge of the Edwards Plateau in Texas and in the Wichita Mountains of southwestern Oklahoma.

Cultivation

Although it is found in continental climate over all of its natural range, planted specimens grow well in the maritime climate of Vancouver. It is slow growing when young, and does not have many pests.

It is occasionally planted as an ornamental tree, valued for its drought tolerance and ability to grow in rocky landscapes.

Uses

The sweetish sap is used in western North America to make maple sugar.[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Barstow, M.; Crowley, D. (2017). "Acer grandidentatum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T103451869A103451885. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T103451869A103451885.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 Arno, Stephen F.; Hammerly, Ramona P. (2020) [1977]. Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees (field guide ed.). Seattle: Mountaineers Books. pp. 260–261. ISBN 1-68051-329-X. OCLC 1141235469.
  3. ↑ "Lost Maples State Natural Area 2007 Lost Maples State Natural Area Foliage Color Change Report". Texas Parks & Wildlife Department. 31 October 2007. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  4. ↑ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Acer grandidentatum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
  5. ↑ "Acer grandidentatum". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  6. ↑ Whitney, Stephen (1985). Western Forests (The Audubon Society Nature Guides). New York: Knopf. p. 393. ISBN 0-394-73127-1.
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