Adelaide Educational Institution was a privately run non-sectarian academy for boys in Adelaide founded in 1852 by John Lorenzo Young.[1][2]

He avoided rote learning, punishment and religious instruction, but taught moral philosophy, physiology, political economy and mechanical drawing ... (and) surveying on field trips.[3]

The school closed when he retired in 1880. By this time Prince Alfred College had emerged as a strong alternative for sons of well-to-do Protestants.

History

In 1852 Young opened a school with two, then three pupils (Hubert Giles,[4] Caleb Peacock and John Partridge) in the "Peacock Chapel"[5] lent by Mr Peacock[4] in the rear of the (Congregational) Ebenezer Chapel in Ebenezer Place,[3] off the east end of Rundle Street. The number grew to seventeen at years end.[6] and he was advertising for evening classes in Geometry and Arithmetic, apply between 6 and 7pm at Stephens Place,[7] off the west end of Rundle Street where the Young family had a home, and to which street the school moved, perhaps as early as 1854.[8] Fees for day students were 10 guineas (£10/10/-) per annum, (payable quarterly in advance). Facilities were available for boarding.[9] His residence was also located on Stephens Place.[10] By December 1855 the school had 107 students,[6] perhaps close to 200 in 1857,[4] 130 in 1862,[11] 133 in 1868.

Next venue was the Congregational chapel in Freeman Street (now that section of Gawler Place between Pirie and Flinders Streets).[12]

In 1872 he had new premises built at Parkside on what became Young Street, named after the headmaster.[13]

E. S. Hughes recalled, in a letter to The Advertiser, a tableau of life during his time at the institution.

About that time I was at the late J. L. Young's – at Young's Lane, as it was then called – Parkside, as a boarder, and with three other strong Churchmen used to attend St Paul's Church, Flinders Street. Dear old Dean Russell, of blessed memory, wished us to be confirmed; and, as our parents agreed, we escaped from lessons two nights a week to attend classes. Consequently we had a good time going home afterwards, on some occasions climbing the posts and 'dousing the glim' as the sailors say, performing other boyish tricks, and arriving very late because of such 'awfully long classes'[14]

Education in early South Australia

(Taken from Geoffrey H. Manning's A Colonial Experience)[15]

From a welter of amateur establishments emerged two institutions, one of which did noble service to two generations, the other the germ of one of the colony's greatest denominational schools today. The first was John Lorenzo Young's Adelaide Educational Institute, which in its peregrinations from a room at the rear of Ebenezer Chapel (now built over by the East End Market), by way of Stephens Place and Gawler Place, to a final home at Young Street, Parkside, educated 1,500 young South Australians many of later distinction – Caleb Peacock, Adelaide's first native-born Mayor, Charles Cameron Kingston, the dominating figure on the colony's political horizon and Joseph Verco, doyen of our medical fraternity. The other institution was the crib in which St Peter's College was created.

John L Young

John Lorenzo Young (1826–1881) was a Londoner, the son of John Tonkin Young, a builder from Veryan, Cornwall.[16][17][18]

He received a non-sectarian education in Europe and England, with emphasis on mathematics and the newly developed sciences of geology, physics and chemistry. He worked in Cornwall on railway and mining construction then left for Adelaide in 1850.[3] on the ship "Panama", arriving on 31 October 1850. He joined the rush to the Victorian goldfields but soon returned.[17]

In 1851 he was appointed second master at the newly opened South Australian High School,[19] under Headmaster Charles Gregory Feinaigle (1817? – 10 March 1880), but the venture failed by the end of the year. The following year Young was persuaded by a group of Congregationalists to open his own school at the rear of the old chapel in Ebenezer Street off Rundle Street East, and soon moved to larger premises in Stephens Place.[17][20] His brother, Oliver Young, held classes for some time, and acted as headmaster in 1860 while J. L. Young was away on recuperation leave.[21]

In 1861 he built the large two-storey "Young House" in Parkside, which was used both as his private residence and as a student boarding house. He then commissioned architects Wright and Hamilton to design and oversee building of a schoolhouse next door. (Edmund Wright had designed many prominent Adelaide buildings including the Town Hall).[22] In 1871 he was able to relinquish the Freeman Street premises.

John retired in 1880 and closed the school, with the intention of joining his wife and large family who were visiting brother Oliver and his father in Veryan, in Cornwall. On his retirement, a testimonial was held 17 December 1880 by his old scholars, and he was presented with a purse of sovereigns.[23] His 16-room residence, with schoolhouse and various other houses on Young Street,[24] after several auction attempts in February 1881, was eventually purchased by Alfred Allen Simpson (who coincidentally had also purchased the Gawler Place school property).[12] The two Parkside buildings, at 61-71 Young Street, were sold by Alfred A., Fred N. and Violet Laura Simpson to Mr. C. O. A. Lapidge in 1922.[22] "Young House" has since been demolished but the heritage-listed schoolhouse still stands.

He embarked on the steamer John Elder in 1881 to visit England (where his father was still living), his family having preceded him, but died on 26 July 1881 while crossing the Red Sea. He was buried at sea.[17] Martha returned to Adelaide, at first living in Kent Town then settled in Glenelg. She died 6 April 1887 aged 57."Death of Mrs J. L. Young". South Australian Register. Vol. LII, no. 12, 606. South Australia. 9 April 1887. p. 5. Retrieved 25 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.

Fred W. Sims, formerly Deputy Registrar of Companies in the Supreme Court, wrote in The Advertiser:

I could tell you quite a lot about John L. Young's school— 'dear old Johnny', as we used to call him ... Mr. Young possessed, among his other fine qualities, the saving grace of humor. It is recorded that his first two pupils were Caleb Peacock and John Partridge. He remarked at the time that, whether he met with success or not as a schoolmaster, he would anyway die "game".[25]

Young's work in South Australia is commemorated by scholarships at the University of Adelaide for research in political economy.[2]

Classes and curriculum

In its first stage of the school's history, Junior (or Third) Class consisted of boys from 7 to 10 years, Science being a chief subject with (although a non-sectarian school) a little religious insight. A small but significant number of students were Orthodox Jews (e.g. Solomon family). No homework was set.

In the Second Class, homework was encouraged and after five hours of schoolwork the more industrious students would voluntarily turn in up to four long essays a week.

In Senior or First Class, subjects covered included political economy, history.[26]

Masters

Other academics at the Institution included:

  • Thomas Boutflower Bennett (1808- 14 September 1894), nicknamed "Tiger",[27] helped run the school, taught English and bookkeeping, later at St. Peter's College. His headstone in Moonta cemetery mentions SPC but not AEI.[28] His son J. W. O. Bennett was killed on the Goyder expedition of 1869.
  • Thomas Caterer (around 1854) went on to found the notable Norwood Grammar School
  • John Howard Clark taught occasionally
  • Rev. F. W. Cox taught drawing 1864, 1866
  • Edward Dewhirst was classics master for a time.[29]
  • C. J. Fox taught Latin from 1868[30] to 1871[31] at least. He would later, as the editor and proprietor of The Irish Harp and Farmers' Herald newspaper, become famous after the sacking and excommunication Sister Mary MacKillop by Bishop Sheil. He was ousted from the Catholic Association, of which he was president.[32][33] for the candid way in which he reported the affair.[34] Frank Fox was a son.
  • Henry Greffrath taught French and German from beginning 1852 to mid-1863. He also conducted classes at St Peter's College, and left for Jena, Germany in 1864.
  • Wilton Hack succeeded Charles Hill as drawing teacher 1868[35] W. Hack also taught drawing at Norwood Grammar and St Peter's College.
  • A teacher named Harrison, called "Cocky" by students (as was Oliver Young); described as young and pimply, was sacked for drunkenness at a June prizegiving, possibly 1856.[36] A later commentator found him memorable.[37]
  • Charles Hill taught drawing[38]
  • Philip T. Hill taught writing and arithmetic NOT drawing[35] (perhaps Philip Trelore Hill, married Hannah Fisk in 1869, died 1919), he later taught at Langhorne Creek and Goolwa, and highly regarded.[39]
  • G. R. Irwine (d. 7 October 1871)[40] taught Latin, Greek and English.
  • Dr Carl Heinrich Loessel (Lössel) taught French, German in 1863, 1864
  • Adolph Emile Marval taught French 1866, also at St Peters College. Mme. Caroline Emma Marval opened a Ladies' College.
  • F. H. Needham RN taught mathematics, Latin 1861
  • George "Pat" Needham BA (1805 – 19 March 1894) (no relation though both taught Latin –[36])
  • Hamilton Charles Palmer (died 1880) Maths and Classics master 1860 while Oliver Young in charge.[41] Boys made fun of him.[29]
  • J. R. P. Parsons Classics master, later principal, Adelaide High School
  • Rev. Canon Poole (Frederic Slaney Poole) taught advanced Latin 1870
  • Hermann von Schleinitz taught French, German 1865 to 1873 (also at St Peter's College, Norwood Grammar).
  • James Shakespeare later a professional organist
  • Rev. Thomas Smellie (pronounced "smiley") Presbyterian minister arrived Adelaide 1861, registered to grant marriage licences 1862, taught Latin at AEI from 1863 to 1866. Founded Gawler Academy 1868 licence to marry rescinded 1870; returned to Britain 1872.
  • Oliver Young (J. L. Young's brother) taught drawing, ran the school in 1860 during his brother's absence. Oliver, whom the students called "Cocky", though not to his face, suffered from a deformed back.[42] He returned to Cornwall in 1866,[43] and never married.[44]

Timeline

  • 1852 School opens in Ebenezer Place with two students Caleb Peacock and John Partridge, soon joined by G. T. and T. L. Cottrell, John Waterman and Richard Mahoney.[17]
  • 1853 Moved to "Stephens Place" schoolroom at rear of Freeman Street Congregational chapel[45] on the southwest corner of Town Acre 19.
  • 1860 J. L. Young in poor health, on leave in England. Oliver Young acting head for the year.[46]
  • 1861 J. L. Young returns, buys 2 acres in Parkside. T. B. Bennett joins staff.
  • 1865 Old Scholars' Association dinner[47]
  • 1866 Oliver Young returns to England
Old Scholars' Association dinner[48]
  • 1867 Congregational Church moves to Stow Hall, AEI takes over Freeman Street chapel.[49]
First Old Scholars' dinner[50]
Old Scholars' AGM[51]
  • 1868 Pupil numbers down to 133
  • 1869 The Star first (and last?) issue[52]
Old Scholars' dinner[53]
  • 1870 Old Scholars dinner[54]
Old Scholars' annual meeting scheduled for 24 June postponed to following week due to poor attendance[55]
  • 1871 All teaching now at Young Street, Parkside.[22] T. B. Bennett resigns.
Old Scholars' dinner[56] poor attendance
  • 1872 Old Scholars' dinner[56] 12 attendees
  • 1880 Presentation to Thomas Bennett[57] >30 attendees
  • 1880 School closes
  • 1881 J. L. Young dies
  • 1887 Mrs Young dies[58]
  • 1896 Funeral of Caleb Peacock[59]
  • 1897 Stephens Place buildings demolished[36] (a beaut reminiscence)

Reunions

A group of old scholars felt it appropriate to establish a memorial for J. L. Young, and from 1912 held a series of annual reunion dinners to raise funds for the memorial.

  • 1912 Reunion[42] It was at this reunion that Peter Wood moved that a J. L. Young scholarship be established.
  • 1913 Second reunion
  • 1914 Third reunion[60]
  • 1915 Fourth reunion[61]
  • 1916 Fifth reunion[62]
  • 1917 Sixth reunion
  • 1918 Seventh reunion
Function for Eden Herschel Babbage 21 May 1918[63]

Some students

Heroes of the SS Gothenburg wreck
Robert Brazil, John Cleland & James Fitzgerald, 1875.

Many of Young's alumni became leading figures in Adelaide's businesses and public service.

An academic certificate awarded to Charles Kingston from the Adelaide Educational Institution

Old Scholars Association

(First AGM)[116] held 15 Dec 1863 at Mr. J. L. Young's school room, Stephens-place; Mr. E. Cheetham occupied the chair. Satisfactory reports were received with reference to the success of the association. Annual prize awarded to Edward Neale Wigg. Elected: C. Peacock, President; M. L. Clark, Treasurer; Joseph Coulls, Secretary; and E. Cheetham, Walter Samson, Wm. Bickford, A. K. Whitby, and G. Cottrell.

Prizegivings and examinations

J. L. Young held twice-yearly public demonstrations, mostly held in White's Rooms, which showcased the boys' accomplishments to parents and the public. A report was published as news in the newspapers immediately after, and always in glowing terms, the copy being provided by the school. Any flaws in the operation of the school and the training of eager young minds were only hinted at in retrospect – by pronouncements on the great strides made in the current year.

There were so many other schools that copied his example that the newspapers soon recognised these reports for what they were – advertisements – and charged by the column-inch. No longer were the speeches by the headmaster and the visiting dignitary quoted verbatim and, sadly for the historian, the only students named were the recipients of prizes.

Sports

The school fielded a soccer team, two cricket teams and was a proponent of the Old Adelaide Football Club rules in 1865.[117]

A game of football was played on the school grounds, Parkside, against North Adelaide Grammar on 17 May 1873. The score of nil-all suggests the game was soccer.[118]

The first school Sports Day was held in November 1874. Prizes included silver pencil cases and gold shirt studs.[119]

Other Adelaide private schools of the period

This list is not exhaustive. Many schools changed location, identity and management. And there were many women of culture and attainment, particularly widows (such as Caroline Carleton), who subsisted on their earnings as tutors.

  • Pastor Jacob Abbott, wife, daughter and son Joseph kept a school on Gilbert Street, opposite Draper Memorial Church.[37]
  • Adelaide Collegiate School in North Adelaide, run by Rev. Thomas Field. Incorporated into Queen's School 1892.
  • Adelaide Model School (Alexander Clark) not strictly private school, run by Council of Education
  • Albert House Academy – see Haire's Academy
  • Alix House Academy, 100 South Terrace run by Eliza Hill (died October 1918), wife of Charles Hill, artist (died September 1915)
  • Mrs. Bell's school[38]
  • Billiatt's Grammar School at St. Leonards, Glenelg[120]
  • Bowden Day Schools (Methodist?) (Mr & Mrs Lawton)
  • Brougham School, Gilles Street c. 1869 (Thomas Stevens Burgan, died 3 July 1858, succeeded by son Thomas Burgan,[121] also at Fellenberg Commercial School)
  • School run by W. A. Cawthorne on what was later Page Street, Adelaide,[5] became Victoria Square Academy.
  • Christ Church School run by James Bath, later Secretary to the Central Board of Education
  • Church of England Collegiate School see St. Peter's Collegiate School
  • Classical Academy run by T. Q. Stow[122]
  • Classical and Commercial School for Young Gentlemen run J. McGowan, Grenfell-street, near Gawler-place[122]
  • Classical and English School run by the Rev. Ralph Drummond on Angas Street
  • Classical, Mathematical and Commercial Academy, North Adelaide. Rev. J. B. Titherington and E. W. Wickes 1847–
  • Collegiate and Commercial Institute, Victoria Square 1860 see Haire's academy
  • Commercial School, Port Adelaide (Henry Nootnagel)[123] later language master St Peter's College, later Prince Alfred College.
  • Commercial School run by Mr. Hutchins in Hindley Street[122]
  • Deutsche Schule, Freeman St (von Schleinitz, then A. Hansen) 1851–52 then Flinders St to 1857; Wakefield Street, run by Theodor Niehuus[124] and Adolph Leschen.
  • Mr Dollison's school, Port Adelaide.
  • Fellenberg Commercial School, Pulteney Street 1859–1861; Hindmarsh Square 1861–1866. Run by John Martin who moved to Melbourne, succeeded by James Morecott Holder ( – 1 November 1887) 1865–1866.
  • Gawler Place Academy for Young Ladies (Mrs H. Thornley) 1853 (Mrs C. Thornley) 1853-1856 near Grenfell Street, later Victoria Square/Flinders Street
  • Gawler Place Academy? (Mr J. Thornley) 1853
  • Glenelg Educational Institution (J(ames) Mordey Mitchell)
  • Glenelg Grammar (1868) Frederick Isaac Caterer (c. 1840 – c. 24 August 1892)
  • Gouger Street Academy, James Hosking (c. 1822–1888)
  • Grote Street Model School (coeducational – many female students prominent in Adelaide University examinations 1878)[125]
  • Haire's Academy, Albert House, Victoria Square then Collegiate Institute, Whitmore House, between Gilbert Street and South Terrace.[5] (Francis Haire, died insolvent 1864)
  • Hill House School (E. W. Wickes, later G. W. Moore)
  • School run by Miss Hillier (later Mrs Taylor) North Terrace.[5]
  • Mrs. Hillier's school, Brighton (Mr. John Hillier was on Register staff)
  • Mr Howard's Academy
  • Infant School, run by Mrs. Gawler in Morphett Street[122]
  • James Jolly (died 3 November 1881)'s school in Waymouth Street (he later ran the Board of Education school at Encounter Bay then Port Elliot)
  • Mr King's Academy, Port Adelaide
  • St Leonards Grammar, Glenelg (W. K. Smart)
  • Mr Leslie's School
  • Mr McLaughlin's Public School, Port Adelaide
  • Maesbury House School, Kensington, conducted by Septimus Webster c. 1857
  • Mr. Martin's School, Pirie Street. 1852–1857, run by John Martin (c. 1814 – 9 July 1876), see also Fellenberg School above.
  • Martin's Grammar School, Port Adelaide, conducted by Allen Martin (12 August 1844 – 13 July 1924) 1870–1876 then as a State school 1877–1900.[126]
  • Mr. Martin's school in two-storey house near the corner of Gilbert and King William streets.[37]
  • Miss Martin's School. Founded by Annie Montgomerie Martin. Second headmistress was Caroline Clark
  • North Adelaide Classical and Commercial Academy (1847– ) John Berjew
  • North Adelaide Educational Institution (aka Nesbit & Drews')(1869- ) http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41394776
  • North Adelaide Grammar (John Whinham) (1804?-13 March 1886) and son Robert (died 24 October 1884) later called Whinham College.
  • North Adelaide Seminar (1847– )
  • Norwood Grammar School (Thomas Caterer) 1861 became South Australian Commercial College 1881
  • Port Adelaide Grammar (A. Martin)
  • Mr Potter's School
  • Prince Alfred College (J. A. Hartley)
  • Princes Street School (founded by James Cater, taken over by Department the following year with Cater as Head)[127]
  • Pulteney Street Academy (R. C. Mitton)
  • Pulteney Street School (1848)[128] (W. Moore) became Pulteney Grammar School
  • Pulteney Street Central Schools (coeducational) 1847[129] (same as above?)
  • Queen's School, later Queen's College, 149 Barton Tce, North Adelaide (1892–1949) was founded by J. H. Lindon and E. L. Heinemann, both ex-St. Peter's College, taking over the bulk of the students of Rev. Thomas Field's Adelaide Collegiate School.[130]
  • Queenstown Commercial School
  • Miss Roland's school on Tavistock Street[38]
  • Rundle Street Grammar (R. C. Mitton and W. J. Anderson) in Stephens Place from 1866 to 1872
  • St. Peter's Collegiate School (previously Church of England Collegiate School)
  • Semaphore Collegiate School
  • Mr. Shepherdson's school in the Parklands, later kept by Mr Oldham for the South Australian School Society of London[122]
  • Stepney College
  • Miss Tilney's school, Grote Street, later Franklin Street at Captain Finnis's house.
  • Tranmere School, run by David Wylie,[131] brother-in-law of William Scott MHR
  • Union College (religious training)[132]
  • Victoria Square Academy – W. A. Cawthorne's school on west side of the Square.
  • Way College – a Bible Christian college on Park Terrace, North Unley, named for Rev. James Way; W. G. Torr principal
  • Wesleyan Day School, run by Mr. La Vence, in Franklin Street Wesleyan Chapel.[122]
  • Whinham College – see North Adelaide College
  • Wickes and Titherington opened a school at Jeffcott Street 1847[133]
  • Mrs. Woodcocks Christ Church school room[38]
  • Young Ladies' School, run by Mrs. McGowan on Grenfell Street[122]
  • Young Ladies' Seminary, run by Mrs. Yates at Tavistock Buildings on Rundle Street[122]
  • Young Ladies' Seminary, run by Miss Williams on North Terrace[122]
  • Young Ladies' Seminary, run by Mrs. Quick on Stephens Place[122]
  • Young Ladies' Seminary, by Mrs. Chatfield on Cragie Place[122] (off Gouger Street near Victoria Square)

References

  1. ↑ Adelaide Educational Institution, 6 January 1853 South Australian Register, p.2
  2. 1 2 B. K. Hyams, 'Young, John Lorenzo (1826–1881)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 6, Melbourne University Press, 1976, pp. 457–458
  3. 1 2 3 Cumming, D. A. and Moxham, G. They Built South Australia published by the authors February 1986 ISBN 0 9589111 0 X
  4. 1 2 3 Adelaide Educational Institution South Australian Register 16 June 1857 p.3 accessed 28 April 2011
  5. 1 2 3 4 Old Schools The Register 18 August 1926 p.19 accessed 3 July 2011
  6. 1 2 Adelaide Educational Institution South Australian Register 15 December 1855 p. 3 accessed 26 April 2011
  7. ↑ Evening Classes, 2 November 1852 South Australian Register (Adelaide), p.4
  8. ↑ "Municipal Council". South Australian Register. South Australia. 12 April 1855. p. 3. Retrieved 25 April 2020 – via Trove.
  9. ↑ Adelaide Educational Institution, 25 March 1853 South Australian Register, p.2
  10. ↑ Philosophical Society, 10 January 1853 South Australian Register (Adelaide), p.3
  11. ↑ Adelaide Educational Institution South Australian Register 15 December 1862 p.3 accessed 3 May 2011
    also contains reference to growth of Philosophical Society
  12. 1 2 In and Out of the City. By Autolycus., 22 October 1928 The Register (Adelaide), p.10
  13. ↑ "Unley Corporation". The Express and Telegraph. Vol. XII, no. 3, 568. South Australia. 5 October 1875. p. 3. Retrieved 25 November 2020 – via Trove.
  14. ↑ "13 Jun 1913 - The Advertiser - p1". nla.gov.au.
  15. ↑ Geoffrey H. Manning Education in Early South Australia, in A Colonial Experience
  16. ↑ "07 Jun 1882 - Family Notices". nla.gov.au. 7 June 1882.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 Young's School Diamond Jubilee Today South Australian Register Friday 11 October 1912 p.8 accessed 20 May 2011
  18. ↑ Life Summary, Young, John Lorenzo (1826–1881), Australian Dictionary of Biography
  19. ↑ South Australian High School, 19 July 1951, South Australian Register, p.1
  20. ↑ "The John L. Young School". nla.gov.au. 22 October 1914.
  21. ↑ "Classified Advertising". The South Australian Advertiser. Vol. II, no. 606. South Australia. 25 June 1860. p. 1. Retrieved 25 November 2020 – via Trove.
  22. 1 2 3 Payne, G. B. (1972) History of Unley, 1871-1971, ISBN 0 959917403 pp. 93-94, 173-174
  23. ↑ "South Australia". The Mercury (Hobart). Vol. XXXVII, no. 6095. Tasmania, Australia. 22 December 1880. p. 2. Retrieved 25 November 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
  24. ↑ "Advertising". South Australian Register. Vol. XLV, no. 10, 628. South Australia. 6 December 1880. p. 7. Retrieved 25 November 2020 – via Trove.
  25. ↑ Out among the People Advertiser and Register 13 July 1931 p.8 accessed 12 February 2011
  26. ↑ "16 Jun 1857 - Adelaide Educational Institution". nla.gov.au.
  27. ↑ "The "Old Boys"". Daily Herald. Adelaide. 12 October 1912. p. 5. Retrieved 25 December 2015 – via Trove.
  28. ↑ "The Grave on Fort Hill". ancestry.com.
  29. 1 2 "Old-Time Memories". Adelaide Observer. Vol. LIV, no. 2, 895. 27 March 1897. p. 34. Retrieved 22 April 2017 – via Trove.
  30. ↑ "Adelaide Educational Institution". The Express and Telegraph. South Australia. 3 October 1868. p. 2. Retrieved 28 April 2020 – via Trove.
  31. ↑ "Examinations". The Adelaide Observer. South Australia. 23 December 1871. p. 11. Retrieved 28 April 2020 – via Trove.
  32. ↑ "General News". The Express and Telegraph. South Australia. 19 October 1871. p. 2. Retrieved 25 April 2020 – via Trove.
  33. ↑ "Latest News". The Evening Journal (Adelaide). South Australia. 15 November 1871. p. 2. Retrieved 25 April 2020 – via Trove.
  34. ↑ "The Bishop and the Sisters of Saint Joseph". The Irish Harp and Farmers' Herald. South Australia. 7 October 1871. p. 6. Retrieved 25 April 2020 – via Trove.
  35. 1 2 "04 Aug 1888 - Mr. Mortimer Menpes, the Artist". nla.gov.au.
  36. 1 2 3 4 "04 Jan 1897 - Old Stephens-Place". nla.gov.au. 4 January 1897.
  37. 1 2 3 "Notes and Queries". The Observer (Adelaide). Vol. LXX, no. 5, 464. South Australia. 22 November 1913. p. 45. Retrieved 29 September 2017 – via Trove. Some dubious assertions in this article.
  38. 1 2 3 4 "An Old Art Master". The Register. Adelaide. 12 October 1912. p. 17. Retrieved 1 March 2015 – via Trove.
  39. ↑ "Out among the People". The Advertiser (Adelaide). South Australia. 6 November 1935. p. 23. Retrieved 25 April 2020 – via Trove.
  40. ↑ Obituary South Australian Register Tuesday 10 October 1871 supplement p.7 accessed 10 March 2011
  41. ↑ "Death of Mr. H. C. Palmer". South Australian Register. Vol. XLV, no. 10, 353. South Australia. 20 January 1880. p. 5. Retrieved 25 November 2020 – via Trove.
  42. 1 2 (First) Old Scholars Reunion (1912) The Advertiser 12 October 1912 p.20 accessed 10 March 2011
  43. ↑ Death of Mr. Oliver Young, Adelaide Observer, 12 March 1898 p. 29
  44. ↑ The Late Mr Oliver Young, 8 March 1898, South Australian Register (Adelaide, SA), p.5
  45. ↑ "Unclaimed Letters". South Australian Register. Vol. XVII, no. 2163. South Australia. 22 August 1853. p. 3. Retrieved 18 November 2018 – via Trove.
  46. ↑ Public Examination of Mr J. L. Young's Pupils South Australian Advertiser 20 December 1859 p.4 accessed 19 March 2011
  47. ↑ Old Scholars' Association South Australian Register 16 September 1865 p.3 accessed 26 May 2011
  48. ↑ Old Scholars Association South Australian Register 15 September 1866 accessed 6 June 2011
  49. ↑ Adelaide Educational Institution South Australian Register 29 April 1867 p.2 accessed 7 May 2011
  50. ↑ (First) Old Scholars Association Dinner (1867) South Australian Register 28 September 1867 p.7 accessed 10 March 2011
  51. ↑ Miscellaneous South Australian Advertiser 29 July 1867 p.6 accessed 15 May 2011
  52. ↑ "06 May 1869 - Official Statistics and their Compilers". nla.gov.au.
  53. ↑ Old Scholars Association Dinner (1869) South Australian Register 25 September 1869 p.2 accessed 2 April 2011
  54. ↑ Old Scholars Association Dinner (1870) South Australian Register 24 September 1870 p.3 accessed 3 April 2011
  55. ↑ "Austral-American Reciprocity". nla.gov.au.
  56. 1 2 "The Copper Market at Home". nla.gov.au.
  57. ↑ "Complimentary Presentation to Mr T. Caterer BA". nla.gov.au.
  58. ↑ Obituary for Mrs Young South Australian Register 18 April 1887 supplement p.2 accessed 19 March 2011
  59. ↑ "Family Notices". South Australian Register. Vol. LXI, no. 15, 370. South Australia. 18 February 1896. p. 2. Retrieved 25 November 2020 – via Trove.
  60. ↑ Third Old Scholars' Reunion (1914) The Advertiser 22 October 1914 p.11 accessed 17 February 2011
  61. ↑ Fourth Old Scholars' Reunion (1915) The Advertiser 19 October 1915 p.9 accessed 17 February 2011
  62. ↑ Fifth Old Scholars' Reunion (1916) The Advertiser 24 October 1916 p.5 accessed 17 February 2011
  63. ↑ "Welcome to an Old Adelaidean". nla.gov.au.
  64. ↑ Eighth Old Scholars' Reunion (1919 The Advertiser 21 October 1919 p.8 accessed 17 February 2011
  65. ↑ Young's School (9th reunion, 1920) The Register 19 October 1920 p.4 accessed 10 March 2011
  66. ↑ A Much-Loved Schoolmaster (10th reunion, 1921) The Advertiser 18 October 1921 p.8 accessed 10 March 2011
  67. ↑ John L. Young's Old Scholars Association (Reunion 1925) The Register 12 May 1925 p.8 accessed 10 March 2011
  68. ↑ Old Scholars Reunion (1925) The Advertiser 12 May 1925 p.15
  69. ↑ "Obituary". Murray Pioneer. Renmark, SA. 17 June 1943. p. 4. Retrieved 19 July 2013 – via Trove.
  70. 1 2 3 "Companions of Stuart on his sixth expedition (1861–1862)". John McDouall Stuart Society. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  71. ↑ "Obituary". The South Eastern Times. South Australia. 25 November 1919. p. 2. Retrieved 21 June 2020 – via Trove.
  72. ↑ Out among the People Advertiser and Register p.8 many more names in this reminiscence
  73. ↑ Sudden Death of Mr. F. A. Chapman, The Advertiser 19 September 1925 p.17
  74. 1 2 3 4 5 The Diamond Jubilee The Advertiser 11 October 1912 p.11 accessed 19 March 2011
  75. 1 2 "Alfred Giles – Enjoying Life at 80". The Mail. Adelaide. 22 September 1928. p. 3. Retrieved 30 January 2013 – via Trove. This reference cites nicknames "Jack" Cleland and "Willie" Gosse
  76. ↑ "The Late Mr George Dodgson". The Evening Journal (Adelaide). Vol. VIII, no. 2266. South Australia. 14 June 1876. p. 3. Retrieved 25 November 2020 – via Trove.
  77. ↑ "27 Jan 1922 - Concerning People". nla.gov.au.
  78. ↑ "Death of Walter Duffield". nla.gov.au.
  79. ↑ "Death of Mr John Frew". The Border Watch. Vol. XXXVI, no. 3668. South Australia. 22 February 1899. p. 2. Retrieved 14 October 2019 – via Trove.
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Further reading

  • Chessell, Diana Adelaide's Dissenting Headmaster — John Lorenzo Young and his Premier Private School 2014; Wakefield Press, Kent Town, South Australia. ISBN 978 1 74305 240 2
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