Admiral
Admiral
Admiral's rank flag (1979–present)
Sleeve insignia (1951–present)
Country Denmark
Service branch Royal Danish Navy
AbbreviationAdm.
Rank groupFlag officer
RankFour-star
NATO rank codeOF-9
Pay gradeM406
Formation1523
Next lower rankViceadmiral
Equivalent ranksGeneral

Admiral is the highest rank of the Royal Danish Navy. As a four-star rank it is the equivalent to the rank of general in the Royal Danish Army and Air force.[1]

The rank is rated OF-9 within NATO.[2] It has the grade of M406 within the Ministry of Defence's pay structure.[3] The rank of Admiral is reserved for the Chief of Defence and the King À la suite.[4]

History

Originally, admiral was not a rank, but rather a title given to the commander of any given naval force.[5] It soon, however, changed to become an actual rank.[5] On 25 May 1671, the rank was codified, by King Christian V, with the publication of the Danish order of precedence. Here admiral was placed below Lieutenant general admirals (Danish: General-Admiral-Lieutenant), and above Vice admirals (Danish: Vice-Admiral).[6] In 1868, following the defeat in the Second Schleswig War, it was decided to collect all admiral ranks into one "Admiral", as part of the major cuts made to the Danish military. This new rank was only allowed for the King and the chief of the Naval Officers' Corps.[7] In 1880, the ranks of vice admiral and counter admiral were reintroduced. At the same time, the rank of admiral was made exclusively for royalty.[8] The rank was reintroduce for fleet officers in 1950, following the decision to award the rank to naval officers promoted to Chief of Defence.[9]

Insignia

The first uniforms for the Navy was introduced in 1722, though they did not have any insignia.[10] In 1771, the first insignia was introduced for admirals. These were gold rings on the cuffs, with three for full admirals, two for vice admirals, and one for counter admirals. This insignia was however removed before proper introduction as Christian VII wished to introduce epaulettes.[11] However, after the fall of Johann Friedrich Struensee, the old ranks were reintroduced promptly.[12]

In 1801, epaulettes were introduced for all officers of the Navy.[13] In 1841, new insignia was introduced for all officers.[14] With the advent of steamship, epaulettes quickly became dirty and were in general cumbersome. As a result, they were removed for daily wear, and were replaced by smaller lace epaulettes.[15] In 1871, sleeve insignia was introduce in favour of epaulettes.[7]

Following the end of World War II, the navy began more international cooperation, the admiral ranks were seen as excessive compared to other nations and its relative size.[16] Sleeve insignia was changed to look more like the insignia of the Royal Navy.[16]

Rank insignia

See also

References

Citations
  1. ↑ STANAG 2116, pp. A-2, C-2.
  2. ↑ STANAG 2116, p. B-2.
  3. ↑ Ministry of Defence 2017.
  4. ↑ Hedegaard 1986.
  5. 1 2 Grooss 2010.
  6. ↑ danmarkshistorien.dk 2017.
  7. 1 2 Borg 1974, p. 61.
  8. ↑ Borg 1974, p. 65.
  9. ↑ Folketinget 1950, §5.
  10. ↑ Borg 1974, p. 13.
  11. ↑ Borg 1974, p. 24.
  12. ↑ Borg 1974, p. 25.
  13. ↑ Borg 1974, p. 31.
  14. ↑ Borg 1974, pp. 51–52.
  15. ↑ Borg 1974, p. 54.
  16. 1 2 Borg 1974, p. 79.
Bibliography
  • Borg, Erik (1974). Den danske marines uniformer gennem tre århundreder (in Danish). Viborg: Strubes Forlag. ISBN 87-7508-164-4.
  • danmarkshistorien.dk (17 May 2017). "Rangforordningen, 25. maj 1671" (in Danish). danmarkshistorien.dk. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  • Folketinget (1950). "235: Forslag til lov om fosvarets ordning". folketingstidende.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  • Grooss, Poul (21 January 2010). "Flådens historie" (in Danish). Det Krigsvidenskabelige Selskab. Retrieved 27 August 2021. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • Hedegaard, Ole A. (1 January 1986). "Nyt militært gradstegn - en ny/gammel tradition!". Krigsvidenskab.dk (in Danish). Archived from the original on 28 August 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  • Military Committee Land Standardization Board (13 January 2021). STANAG 2116 (7th ed.). NATO Standardization Agency.
  • Ministry of Defence (9 January 2017). "Historik". forpers.dk (in Danish). Forsvarsministeriets Personalestyrelse. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
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