Aflaj Irrigation Systems of Oman
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Falaj Daris
LocationOman
CriteriaCultural: (v)
Reference1207
Inscription2006 (30th Session)

The Aflaj Irrigation Systems of Oman are ancient water channels from 500 AD located in the regions of Dakhiliyah, Sharqiyah and Batinah. However, they represent a type of irrigation system as old as 5000 years in the region named as Qanat or Kariz as originally named in Persia.[1]

"Aflaj" is the plural of "Falaj", which means "split into parts" in classical Arabic. This irrigation system effectively divided the water among all the inhabitants; it flowed by gravity from their original sources to homes and cropland. The complex included watchtowers to protect it, but also mosques and other buildings.[2]

In 2006, five Aflaj Irrigation Systems of Oman were added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites: Falaj Al-Khatmeen, Falaj Al-Malki, Falaj Daris, Falaj Al-Mayassar and Falaj Al-Jeela.[3]

Bombing during the Jebel Akhdar War

Declassified information by the British National Archives later revealed that the British government deliberately destroyed the Aflaj Irrigation Systems and crops by air strikes during the Jebel Akhdar War in order to prevent locals in the interior of Oman from gathering crops and denying them access to water supplies. Wadi Beni Habib and the water channel at Semail were among the water supplies that were deliberately damaged. Air strikes on Saiq and Sharaijah rendered cultivation in the areas "hazardous". Furthermore, these documents reveal that the British Foreign Secretary gave the approval on 4 August 1957 to carry out air strikes without prior warning to the locals residing in the interior of Oman. The ban on visas for the press by the sultan and the ability of the British government to carry out air strikes discreetly using Masirah Airfield helped in sustaining the military operations under low profile.[4]

World Heritage Designated Aflaj

Falaj Coordinates Area Region[5]
Al-Katmeen 22°56′0″N 57°40′0″E / 22.93333°N 57.66667°E / 22.93333; 57.66667 135.028 ha (0.52135 sq mi) Dakhiliyah
Al-Malki 22°44′0″N 57°46′0″E / 22.73333°N 57.76667°E / 22.73333; 57.76667 600 ha (2.3 sq mi) Dakhiliyah
Daris 22°59′0″N 57°32′0″E / 22.98333°N 57.53333°E / 22.98333; 57.53333 389.468 ha (1.50374 sq mi) Dakhilyah
Al-Jeela 22°47′0″N 59°10′0″E / 22.78333°N 59.16667°E / 22.78333; 59.16667 30.952 ha (0.11951 sq mi) Sharqiyah
Al-Muyasser 23°21′0″N 57°27′0″E / 23.35000°N 57.45000°E / 23.35000; 57.45000 300.501 ha (1.16024 sq mi) Batinah

See also

References

  1. ↑ system.com /agriculture-fisheries/traditional-aflaj-irrigation-system-omani-heritage.asp "The Traditional Aflaj Irrigation System - An Omani Heritage | OmanInfo.com". www.omaninfo.com. Retrieved 2018-07-13. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  2. ↑ "Aflaj Irrigation Systems of Oman". UNESCO. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  3. ↑ "Ancient irrigation system (Oman) and Palaces of Genoa (Italy) among ten new sites on World Heritage List". UNESCO. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  4. ↑ Jurkowski, Maureen (April 2007). "Monastic Archives in the National Archives". Archives: The Journal of the British Records Association. 32 (116): 1–18. doi:10.3828/archives.2007.1. ISSN 0003-9535.
  5. ↑ "Aflaj Irrigation Systems of Oman". UNESCO. Retrieved 18 July 2021.


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