50°16′54″N 113°17′13″E / 50.28167°N 113.28694°E
Aksha (Russian: Акша) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Akshinsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, located at the confluence of the Aksha and Onon Rivers, 169 kilometers (105 mi) south of Chita. Population: 3,941 (2010 Census);[1] 4,129 (2002 Census);[2] 4,637 (1989 Census).[3]
History
It was founded in 1750 as a Cossack frontier fort to prevent penetration of the Chinese into the Russian territory. Since then it was used as a prison and many famous political criminals were sent there. In 1872, it was granted town status, but was demoted to a rural locality after the October Revolution. The prison was also abolished after the Revolution.
Climate
Aksha has a hemiboreal humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dwb), with severely cold winters and very warm summers. Precipitation is quite low, but is much higher in summer than at other times of the year. On 21 July 2004, the locality set the high temperature record for Asian Russia at 41.7 °C (107.1 °F), which stood until 2010.[4]
| Climate data for Aksha | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) |
8.4 (47.1) |
19.1 (66.4) |
29.4 (84.9) |
34.6 (94.3) |
39.8 (103.6) |
41.7 (107.1) |
37.2 (99.0) |
34.1 (93.4) |
26.3 (79.3) |
14.6 (58.3) |
5.3 (41.5) |
41.7 (107.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −15.9 (3.4) |
−10.9 (12.4) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
10.5 (50.9) |
19.6 (67.3) |
25.5 (77.9) |
26.8 (80.2) |
24.7 (76.5) |
17.9 (64.2) |
8.7 (47.7) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
7.4 (45.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −22.9 (−9.2) |
−19.2 (−2.6) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
2.9 (37.2) |
11.4 (52.5) |
17.9 (64.2) |
20.4 (68.7) |
18.2 (64.8) |
10.8 (51.4) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−19.7 (−3.5) |
0.2 (32.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −29.8 (−21.6) |
−27.4 (−17.3) |
−16.4 (2.5) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
3.2 (37.8) |
10.3 (50.5) |
14.0 (57.2) |
11.8 (53.2) |
3.8 (38.8) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−17.1 (1.2) |
−25.9 (−14.6) |
−6.9 (19.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −47.2 (−53.0) |
−50.1 (−58.2) |
−40 (−40) |
−29.7 (−21.5) |
−16.9 (1.6) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−10 (14) |
−26 (−15) |
−39.9 (−39.8) |
−46.4 (−51.5) |
−50.1 (−58.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 5.3 (0.21) |
7.3 (0.29) |
7.6 (0.30) |
15.4 (0.61) |
27.0 (1.06) |
56.6 (2.23) |
108.2 (4.26) |
84.8 (3.34) |
42.4 (1.67) |
16.9 (0.67) |
5.3 (0.21) |
8.2 (0.32) |
385.0 (15.16) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 74.3 | 68.5 | 59.2 | 48.7 | 46.9 | 56.1 | 65.1 | 67.7 | 61.2 | 59.9 | 68.8 | 75.6 | 62.7 |
| Source 1: climatebase.ru (1948-2011)[5] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: climate-data.org (temperatures 1981-2010)[6] | |||||||||||||
References
- ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ↑ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ↑ Masters, Jeff (October 15, 2010). "Paula dying; Zambia records its hottest temperature in history". Weather Underground. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
- ↑ "Aksha, Russia". Climatebase.ru. Retrieved January 23, 2013.
- ↑ "Aksha, Russia". climate-data.org. Retrieved January 23, 2013.