Aldo Oviglio
Minister of Justice
In office
31 October 1922 (1922-10-31) – 5 January 1925 (1925-01-05)
Prime MinisterBenito Mussolini
Preceded byGiulio Alessio
Succeeded byAlfredo Rocco
Personal details
Born7 December 1873 (1873-12-07)
Rimini, Emilia-Romagna, Kingdom of Italy
Died19 August 1942(1942-08-19) (aged 68)
Ronerio, Emilia-Romagna, Fascist Italy
Political party
SpouseIda Marzolini
Children1
Alma materUniversity of Bologna

Aldo Oviglio (7 December 1873–19 August 1942) was an Italian lawyer and politician, who served as the first minister of justice in the Mussolini government between October 1922 and January 1925.

Born in Rimini and raised also in Pesaro and Rovigo, Oviglio moved to Bologna for his university education in 1892. He joined the Italian Radical Party, and served several terms in Bologna's municipal and provincial councils. On 21 November 1920, Oviglio joined the National Fascist Party. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in the 1921 general election,[1] and appointed minister of justice on 31 October 1922.[2] He resigned from office after the assassination of Giacomo Matteotti,[1] and was appointed a senator on 24 January 1929.[2]

Early life and education

Oviglio was born in Rimini on 7 December 1873 to parents Francesco and Ida Malvolti.[3][2] During his secondary education, his family moved to Pesaro, and then to Rovigo.[4] At this time, he began contributing columns in the democratic newspaper L'Adigetto, expressing opposition to Corriere del Polesine , a local newspaper edited by Alberto Bergamini whom Bergamini duelled on 7 December 1894.[1]

Oviglio attended the University of Padua. In 1892, he enrolled at the University of Bologna from which he graduated with a law degree.[3]

Political career

Bolognese councillor

Oviglio served as a councillor of Bologna's provincial council between 8 August 1910 and 14 December 1913.[1] During this time, he cofounded Giornale del Mattino, a short-lived left-wing Bolognese newspaper first issued on 11 December 1910. He contested the 1913 general election for the Vergato constituency, but was not elected.[1]

Giornale del Mattino's contributors supported Italy's participation in the First World War, criticising the antimilitarism of the Italian Socialist Party. Oviglio, whose son died during the war, began to approach nationalist politicians. In October 1920, he joined an electoral committee dedicated to liberal conservatism, and was elected to Bologna's municipal and provincial councils at the end of end of that month.[1]

On 21 November 1920, a fascist attack on the Palazzo d'Accursio, the seat of Bologna's municipal government, killed ten socialists and a liberal-conservative councillor.[1][5] On the same day, Oviglio joined the National Fascist Party.[1]

Minister of Justice

With 23,981 votes, Oviglio was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in the 1921 general election for the National Bloc, ranking first in the party's Bologna list, ahead of Benito Mussolini, Leandro Arpinati and Dino Grandi.[1] Oviglio served in the 26th and 27th legislatures.[2]

On 31 October 1922, Oviglio was appointed to Mussolini's first cabinet as minister of Justice.[2][6] His reforms included instituting a single supreme court, reforming legal codes, and slimming down Italy's judicial bureaucracy. In December 1922, he freed incarcerated squadristi,[1] and on 3 May 1923, a legislative decree dismissed the chief judge and general attorney of the supreme court.[7]

In March 1923, Oviglio was made an Honorary Corporal of the Milita. Oviglio was a member of the Grand Council of Fascism from April 1923 to December 1924, and again President of Bologna's provincial council from March 1923 to October 1928.[1]

Later political life

Oviglio's term as minister of justice ended on 5 January 1925 when he resigned from the office due to the assassination of Giacomo Matteotti. Oviglio was expelled from the National Fascist Party in August 1925, after speaking against a government proposal that would have undermined judicial independence. He was readmitted the party in August 1928,[1] and was appointed a senator on 24 January 1929.[2]

Personal life and death

Oviglio died in Ronerio, near Bologna, on 19 August 1942.[2] He was married to Ida Marzolini.[3] Their son, Galeazzo, was a sublieutenant in the 3rd Field Artillery Regiment during World War I, and died after sustaining injuries in the Battle of Montello.[8] Oviglio was buried with his son in the cemetery of Certosa.[8]

In September 1909, Oviglio joined a masonic lodge in Bologna, and was elevated to the third degree within a month. Italy's masonic lodges were dissolved after a legislative decree in November 1925.[1]

Awards

Oviglio was the recipient of the following:

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Fulvio Conti (2014). "Oviglio, Aldo". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 80.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Oviglio, Aldo". Enciclopedia Italiana (in Italian). 1938.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Oviglio, Aldo" (in Italian). Italian Senate. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
  4. ↑ "La nostra storia" [Our history]. Liceo Giulio Cesare–Manara Valgimigli (in Italian). Retrieved 8 January 2024.
  5. ↑ "7 dicembre 1873 - Nasce a Rimini Aldo Oviglio, ministro della Giustizia durante il delitto Matteotti" [7 December 1873 – Aldo Oviglio, Minister of Justice during the Matteotti crime, was born in Rimini]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). 7 December 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  6. ↑ Matteo Di Figlia (2016). "The shifting evocations of squadrismo: remembering the massacre of Palazzo d'Accursio in Fascist Bologna". Journal of Modern Italian Studies. 21 (4): 592. doi:10.1080/1354571X.2016.1207319.
  7. ↑ Lutz Klinkhammer (2010). "Was there a fascist revolution? The function of penal law in fascist Italy and in Nazi Germany". Journal of Modern Italian Studies. 15 (3): 392. doi:10.1080/13545711003768592.
  8. 1 2 Federica Fabbro (2012). "Tomba Oviglio" [Oviglio Tomb]. Storia e Memoria di Bologna (in Italian). Retrieved 9 January 2024.
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