In Sweden and Russia

In 1629 he was a colonel in Sweden, sent by King Gustav II Adolf on a mission to Moscow and entered the Tsar's service.^[4] During the audience by king Michael I of Russia as a member of Swedish mission in Russia he gave a petition for military service in Russia in January 1630. Since March 1630 Colonel Leslie in Russian service. Leslie returned to Sweden in April 1631 to inform Gustav Adolf that war between Russia and Poland was imminent. In 1631 he recruited thousands of soldiers in western countries including Scotland and supervised the first regiments of "foreign order" ("Полки нового строя" or "Полки иноземного строя", Polki novovo (inozemnovo) stroya), that was the Russian term that was used to describe military units organised and armed along western lines. He subsequently advanced to the rank of a Russian General^[5] and was commander of Russian forces during the Siege of Smolensk (1654), one of the first great events of the Russo-Polish War (1654–67). Leslie went abroad after the unhappy outcome of the campaign of Smolensk War. Charles I of England wrote to Russian Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich on behalf of Leslie in March 1637 saying that he was returning to Britain on private business. He writes:

Charles, be the Grace of God, King, &c., To the Most high, mightie, and right noble Prince, The Great

Lord Emperour and Great Duik Michaell Pheodor, M'rch of All Russia, sole Commander of Volodomer, Moskoe, Novogarod, King of Cazan, king of Astroean, King of Siberia, Lord of Vobskey, and great Duik of Smoleskey, Tueskey, Vgorskey, Pannskey, Vatskey, Bolgaskey, and of the other ountreyis ; Lord and Great Duik of Xovogored in the Lower Cuntreyis, of Cheringo, Rezan, Polotzkey, Eostone, Yares, Lanskey, Belozeisky, Leuslandskey, Yondeskey, Obdoiskey, Condinskey, And of all the northerne parts Lord and Commander ...

Greeting.—Most Excellent Prince, and dear brother and freind. We have sene and pervsed your iniperiaU Letters of Commission and credance that your Ma. our dear brother, hath gevin to your Maj. Genera Major Sir Alex. Leslie, one of our faythfull subjects of our kingdome of Scotland, of noble and illustrous descent ;

Which letteris thrughout all our dominions, according to our imperiall requeist, shalbe in all brotherlie requeist observed and performed ; And that so much the more becaus your Emperial affection hath bene most enclyned to have our faythfull subjects' armes and valoris imployed in your Ma. warres,

And in consideration thairof hath made our said subject Sir Alexander Leslie Major-Generall of your Mjesteis warlyk forces, which preferment is by ws most kyndlie accepted and greatlie esteamed, in preferring one of our Scotts subjects to such high diguitie, assureing your Ma (our dear brother) from ws that ther is no subject in our dominions, who ar willing to serve your Maj. in the qualitie of commander or souldier, bot we will give them our frie leave, consent, and libertie to serve your Maj, which we have [thought] good to certifie vnto your highnes by these our letteris, not doubting bot your Maj. will at our requeist continew towards your Maj. servants our subjects all perfection and promotion ; Whom we desire your Ma'j. will continew as yow have begun to advance him, as lykwyse to performe vnto him, and all others our subjects vnder your Maj. Command, as ar mentionat in your Maj. imperiall Commission and letteris of Credence gevin vnto him:

Moreover, we have, in regard of your Emperial Commission gevin to your Maj General, Sir Alexander Leslie, granted libertie vnto our faytlit'ull subject Captan David Leslie for to retume him selff vnto your Maj. emperiall court ther, to attend your Maj service, of whois wisdome, valour, and faythfulnes we have thought good to certifie your Maj, as descendit from noble, illustruous, and marschall parentage, and quho in his owin persone hath gained to him selff great honour, and hath gevin sufficient proolf thairof for many yeires that he hath caryed charge in the qualitie of a Commander in the VVarres of France,Germanie, Sweden, and the Low Countreyes :

Therfor [having] thought good to recommend him with these our saids letteris of recommendation vnto your Maj, that he may be employed according to his qualitie, worth, and merite. Our part shalbe to doe the lyk. And to answer your Maj, our dear brother, gratious inclination and disposition by all princelie offices of love and respects, to manteane and preserve the amitie and mutuall correspondencie [of] long and happie continuance between our Crounes and Kingdomes : And so we leave your Maj. to the protection of Almigbtie God.—

From our Palace of Westminster, the 26 of Feb., in the 7 yeir of our regne of Great Britane, France, and Irland.

Subscribitur, Charles R."

— Edward VI, Earl of Stirling's Register of Royal Letters, Vol II, pp.579-580

Civil War

Auchintoul fought for the Montrosians in the Civil War. He was captured at Philiphaugh^[6] and, by the direct intervention of Lieutenant General David Leslie, was dealt with leniently compared to other prisoners (most of whom were executed after the battle). With David Leslie vouching for him directly, Auchintoul avoided execution. When David Leslie's petition was read, by Argyll among others, Auchintoul was spared (along with Lord Gray), but was banished from Scotland for life.

Back in Russia from 1647

So sentenced, Auchintoul returned to Russia at some point after that, with a recommendation from King Charles I and finally settled in Muscovy in 1647. Converted to Orthodoxy in September 1652, his Gods father was Prince Ilya Miloslavsky, after that act he received 23 000 silver rubles. After capitulation of Mikhail Shein in Siege of Smolensk (1609–11) to Poles his regiment was the only that leave the battle with flags and arms.^[7]