Suicide of Amanda Todd
A girl in her mid-teens holding a cut-out piece of paper or card with the words "I have nobody, I need someone" and a sad emoticon written on it.
A screenshot of Todd's YouTube video
DateOctober 10, 2012 (2012-10-10)
LocationPort Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada
TypeSuicide by hanging
CauseOnline harassment and blackmail
BurialRobinson Memorial Park Cemetery, Coquitlam, Canada
InquestBritish Columbia Coroners Service
CoronerBarb McLintock[1]
ConvictedAydin Coban[2]
TrialJune 6, 2022 – August 5, 2022[3]
VerdictGuilty on all counts
Convictions
Sentence13 years in prison[6]

Amanda Michelle Todd (November 27, 1996 – October 10, 2012)[7][8] was a 15-year-old Canadian student and victim of cyberbullying who hanged herself at her home in Port Coquitlam, British Columbia. A month before her death, Todd posted a video on YouTube in which she used a series of flashcards to tell her experience of being blackmailed into exposing her breasts via webcam,[5] and of being bullied and physically assaulted. The video went viral after her death,[9] resulting in international media attention. The original video has had more than 15 million views as of May 2023,[10] although mirrored copies of the video had received tens of millions of additional views shortly after her death; additionally, a YouTube video by React has a video of teens reacting to Todd’s video which has garnered 44.7 million views as of May 2023,[11] and various videos from news agencies around the world regarding the case have registered countless millions more.[12][13][14][15] The Royal Canadian Mounted Police and British Columbia Coroners Service launched investigations into the suicide.

In response to her death, then-Premier of British Columbia Christy Clark, made an online statement of condolence and suggested a national discussion on criminalizing cyberbullying.[16][17] A motion was also introduced in the Canadian House of Commons to propose a study of the scope of bullying in Canada and for more funding and support for anti-bullying organizations. Todd's mother, Carol, established the Amanda Todd Trust, receiving donations to support anti-bullying awareness education and programs for young people with mental health problems.

A Dutch-Turkish man, Aydin Coban, who was already imprisoned for sexual blackmail in the Netherlands, was extradited to Canada to face trial on charges of harassing and sexually extorting Todd before her suicide. On August 5, 2022, the jury found Coban guilty on all counts, and he was sentenced to 13 years in prison on October 14, 2022.[6]

Background and suicide

On September 7, 2012, Todd posted a 9-minute YouTube video titled My story: Struggling, bullying, suicide, self-harm, which showed her using a series of flashcards to tell of her experiences being bullied.[18] The video went viral after her death on October 10, 2012, receiving over 1,600,000 views by October 13, 2012,[19] with news websites from around the world linking to it.

Facebook photo of Todd

During the video, Todd writes that when she was in 7th grade (2009–10), around the same time she moved in with her father,[20] she used video chat to meet new people over the Internet and received compliments on her looks.[18][21] After a stranger repeatedly asked her for over a year to bare her breasts, Todd did so on a webcam stream, and the person saved frames using screen capturing.[22][18][21] He later blackmailed her by threatening to give the topless photo to her friends unless she gave him a "show".[18][21][23] She also was featured briefly on the Daily Capper on BlogTV, a pedophile-run news show utilizing animation of the character Dora Smarmy from the HBO Family series Crashbox that tracked children who were groomed into flashing or sex acts on camera and encouraged their continued exploitation.[24][25] An episode of Daily Capper a month after Todd's death claimed to oppose her abusers and reveal evidence that incriminates them.[26]

Todd wrote that during the 2010 Christmas break, police informed her that the photo was circulating on the Internet.[18][21] She wrote that she experienced anxiety, depression, and panic disorder due to having been sexually exploited online and cyberbullied.[18][21] Her family moved to a new home, where Todd said she began using alcohol and other drugs.[18][21][23]

A year later, Todd's blackmailer reappeared, creating a Facebook profile that used the topless photo as its profile image and contacting classmates at her new school.[18][21] Again, Todd was teased, eventually changing schools for a second time.[18][21] She wrote that she began chatting to "an old guy friend" who contacted her.[18][21] The friend invited Todd to his house, where they had sex while his girlfriend was on vacation.[18][21][27] The following week, the boy's girlfriend and a group of about 15 others confronted Todd at school, shouting insults, with the boy's girlfriend punching her;[18][21] Todd fell to the ground, then lay in a ditch, where her father found her.[18][21] After the attack, Todd attempted suicide by drinking bleach, but survived after being rushed to the hospital to have her stomach pumped.[18][21][23] "It killed me inside and I thought I was gonna actually die", Todd commented in her video.[1][18][21]

After returning home, Todd discovered abusive messages about her suicide attempt posted to Facebook.[18][21] In March 2012, her family moved to another city to start afresh, but Todd was unable to escape the past.[18][21] According to her mother, "Every time she moved schools he would go undercover and become a Facebook friend. What the guy did was he went online to the kids who went to [the new school] and said that he was going to be a new student — that he was starting school the following week and that he wanted some friends and could they friend him on Facebook. He eventually gathered people's names and sent Todd's video to her new school", including students, teachers and parents.[28] Six months later, further messages and abuse were still being posted to social networking sites. With Todd's mental state worsening, she began to engage in self-mutilation and cutting.[21] Despite taking her prescribed antidepressants and receiving counseling, she overdosed and was hospitalized for two days.[21]

Todd was taunted by other students at her school for her low grades, a consequence of a language-based learning disability, and for the time she spent in the hospital to treat her severe depression.[20] "It didn't really help that after she got out of the hospital recently some kids started calling her 'psycho' and saying she had been in the crazy hospital," her mother said. "She went to the hospital, she had therapy, she had counseling, she was on a good track. On the day she gets out, that happens. I shake my head and I think, 'Are kids really that nasty, do they really not think, what if it was them?'"[20]

On October 10, 2012, at about 6:00 PM (PDT), Todd's body was found hanging at her home.[29][30] At the time of her death, Todd was a 10th grade student[1] at CABE Secondary in Coquitlam,[31] a school that caters to students who have experienced social and behaviour issues in previous educational settings.[32]

Investigation, arrest, trial, and conviction

A preliminary investigation by British Columbia Coroners Service showed that Todd's death was a suicide. The cause of death was reported in some media as hanging,[33][34][35][36] but the exact cause of death had not been released.[37]

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and British Columbia Coroners Service put 20 full-time investigators on the case.[19] The Coquitlam and Ridge Meadows serious crime teams cooperated in a full investigation, conducting interviews and examining factors that might have contributed to Todd's death.[38] Investigators reviewed content at social media sites and actively monitoring pages.[38]

The Canadian national organization Cybertip.ca reported having received a tip about Todd nearly a year before her suicide. The anti-child-exploitation group stated that, in November 2011, a concerned citizen reported that images of Todd were in circulation on the Internet. That information was provided to law enforcement and child welfare agencies.[39] According to the CBC news program The Fifth Estate, the RCMP were repeatedly informed that Todd was being sexually extorted by an adult male, and in response the RCMP told the family there was "nothing that could be done" about it.[40] According to the Ontario Provincial Police (OPP), however, the crime of sextortion can be investigated quite successfully.

After an investigation by Facebook's security unit, whose report was forwarded by U.S. authorities to the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre attached to the British National Crime Agency,[41] and then to Dutch authorities, in January 2014 Dutch police arrested a man in a case involving multiple victims in the Netherlands, U.K., and Canada, having installed spyware on his computers; "chilling" chat logs of extortion, numerous images of child pornography, and 5,800 bookmarked names that served as a database of potential victims and their social networks were found.[42] In April 2014, it was reported that Dutch authorities charged a 35-year-old man of dual Dutch and Turkish citizenship (identified only as "Aydin C." in the Netherlands[5][43] in accordance with Dutch privacy laws) with indecent assault and possession of child pornography.[5] That same month, the RCMP announced that the man had been charged with extortion, internet luring, criminal harassment and possession and distribution of child pornography for his alleged offenses against Todd and other child victims.[44] Todd's mother thanked police, but also said that she believed more than one person was involved.[45] On January 28, 2015, CBC News said that Aydin Coban had written an open letter proclaiming his innocence.[2]

Dutch authorities dropped some child pornography charges in October 2015;[46][47] Coban's case went to trial in February 2017, and concluded on March 16, 2017. He faced 72 charges of sexual assault and extortion in the Netherlands involving 39 alleged victims (34 young women and five men in countries as various as Britain, Canada, Norway and the U.S., some of whom had been harassed for years); eventually convicted and sentenced on the Dutch charges of internet fraud and blackmail, he faced five separate Canadian charges related to Todd (herself not one of the 39), and it was anticipated that he would be extradited to Canada no sooner than the middle of 2018 whilst serving his Dutch sentence of 10 years and 8 months. Carol Todd expressed relief at the sentence.[42][48]

In December 2019, it was reported that Canadian authorities were preparing for the extradition.[49] Due to problems obtaining travel documents for Coban and his lawyer, Robert Malewicz, the extradition was delayed until December 2020.[50][51] The trial began in the Supreme Court of British Columbia on June 6, 2022.[52] On August 5, 2022, the jury found Coban guilty of all charges.[53] On October 14, 2022, Coban was sentenced to 13 years in prison by the presiding judge, who used her discretion to add a year to the 12 years sought by the Crown attorney, citing aggravating factors including the sophistication of the blackmail scheme, the widespread distribution of Todd's images, and Coban's lack of remorse.[6]

Reaction

Todd's suicide received widespread international media coverage, much of which included a link to her YouTube video and an email address provided by the RCMP appealing for information from the public. Within 24 hours of the appeal, over 400 tips were received.[19] The RCMP has stated that its investigation was hindered by the amount of false information in online postings after Todd's death, and by scams claiming to raise money for her family.[54]

On October 19, 2012, a series of vigils were held across Canada and internationally to remember Todd and other victims of bullying.[55] A minute of silence was observed by a quarter of a million students in the Toronto District School Board district.[56] The same day, Todd's mother was a guest of the 2012 We Day event in Vancouver, a week after Todd's death. Bullying had been scheduled as a topic before Todd's death and was addressed by speakers Magic Johnson, musician and anti-bullying advocate Demi Lovato and British Columbia Premier Christy Clark.[57]

Initially, Todd's mother was denied entry to an anti-bullying conference for fear that her presence would upset other attendees.[58] The family was invited to attend later events.[59]

On November 18, 2012, 600 people gathered at a final farewell ceremony for Todd at Red Robinson Show Theatre in Coquitlam, near her home. Carol Todd told the gathering that her daughter had left behind "a larger-than-life message that has sparked the world and has made it open its eyes, its ears and its hearts".[60]

Internet hacktivist group Anonymous alleged that a 32-year-old man was Todd's blackmailer and main tormentor. The group published the Vancouver-area man's name and address on the Internet, resulting in the man's receipt of online threats of vigilante justice.[39] After investigating the tip, police determined that the allegations were unfounded, and said that "false information that is being spread by people who appear to be trying to use Amanda's story to do harm or make a profit" was one of the challenges they faced.[61]

According to an interview with the Vancouver Sun, the publication of his identity on social media sites resulted in over 50 emails and thousands of Facebook death threats.[61] A member of Anonymous had attempted to dissuade the group from publishing the information, saying that they had the right person but that the address belonged to someone else, not the target. Slate reported that the person who was responsible turned out to be 19, not 32.[62][63]

Mainstream media

Michelle Dean of The New Yorker compared Todd's death to the suicide of Tyler Clementi, an LGBT student at Rutgers University who jumped to his death from the George Washington Bridge after his roommate encouraged friends to watch a live stream of Clementi kissing another man. In an early piece questioning the assumptions of perpetrators of nonconsensual pornography, she quotes Mary Anne Franks:

Women have become, as Franks put it, "unwilling avatars", unable to control their own images online, and then told to put up with it for the sake of "freedom", for the good of the community. And then they are incorrectly told, even if the public is behind them, that they have no remedies in the law. They are shouted down by people with a view of freedom of speech more literal than that held by any judge.

and concludes:[64]

...[But] whatever Amanda Todd might have been thinking, whatever else might be true, she did get one thing out of this: Amanda Todd did manage to, just once, tell her own story. She got to drown out the version of her that strangers had put out on the Web. It's a small comfort. But it was perhaps the only one she had left.

Vancouver Magazine titled a piece on Todd "The Girl Who Woke Up the World"; in 2012 she was the third-most Googled person, and by 2013, vigils had been held in 38 countries. Her mother continues to be the subject of cyber-stalking.[65]

Social media

After Todd's suicide, more than one million Facebook users "liked" her Facebook memorial page.[19][66] Mingled among the positive support and comments are attacks and images from strangers and people claiming to be her former classmates.[19] After one man's derogatory Facebook comments about Todd's death were reported to his employer, the Grafton-Fraser Mr. Big & Tall clothing chain, it was confirmed that he was no longer an employee.[67][68]

On October 19, 2012, police in New Zealand said they were questioning a 17-year-old boy from Raglan who allegedly posted "inappropriate and disturbing images" on a memorial page for Todd. Police removed the images and shut down the boy's Facebook page.[69]

Todd's suicide engendered the Drink Bleach Internet meme almost immediately, a meme her mother regarded as unhelpful to those at risk.[70] Four years after her death, she was included in a depiction of a "Suicide Squad" of celebrities that took their own lives (along with Adolf Hitler, Robin Williams, and Kurt Cobain in one depiction) "Suicide" memes rose to popularity quickly around this time due to the release of the 2016 DC Universe movie Suicide Squad.[71]

Amanda Todd Legacy Society

Carol Todd established the Amanda Todd Trust at the Royal Bank of Canada, receiving donations to support anti-bullying awareness education and programs for young people with mental health problems.[72] (A week after Todd's death, ABC News reported that fraudulent websites had been set up claiming to solicit donations, quoting a statement by RCMP Sergeant Peter Thiessen: "Taking advantage of a family's grief is despicable...We want to get the word out that there is one real account and anyone who is interested can make a donation at any RBC branch to the Amanda Todd Trust Account.")[73] It has since been incorporated as a nonprofit colloquially known as Amanda Todd Legacy, with a particular outreach on the mental health issues of adolescents on occasions such as World Mental Health Day on October 10.[74] The Amanda Todd Legacy Award was established in conjunction with the Douglas College Foundation in 2016; three students are awarded $1,000 annually toward their studies.[75] Amanda Todd Legacy and Carol Todd have also participated in LGBT advocacy under the aegis of Kids Help Phone, Canada's 24-hour hotline for youth in crisis.[76]

Carol Todd is close friends with Leah Parsons, the mother of Rehtaeh Parsons, and they frequently network on cyberbullying issues. The two women often have speaking engagements about their respective daughters with an emphasis on respect, acceptance, forgiveness and dignity.[77]

On March 24, 2018, composer Jocelyn Morlock won the Juno Award for Classical Composition of the Year for a piece inspired by Amanda Todd; she was joined onstage by Carol Todd.[78]

Legislative impact

In 2012, parliamentarian Dany Morin of the New Democratic Party introduced a motion in the House of Commons of Canada in response to Todd's death. The motion proposed a study of the scope of bullying in Canada, and more funding and support for anti-bullying organizations. It was also intended to lay the groundwork for a national strategy to prevent bullying. Morin himself had experienced bullying in school.[79]

In November 2013, Justice Minister Peter MacKay of the Conservative Party introduced Bill C-13, anti-cyberbullying and revenge porn legislation. Carol Todd criticized its warrantless access provisions, saying, "I don't want to see our children victimized again by losing privacy rights".[80][81] The definition of cyberbullying itself has been a matter of considerable debate,[82] as have the bill's privacy provisions (particularly in regard to encryption technologies).[83] It went into effect on March 9, 2015.[84] It had largely been promoted as protecting minors but applies to all ages.[85]

See also

Notes

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Canadian teen found dead weeks after posting wrenching YouTube video detailing bullying". Fox News. Associated Press. October 12, 2012. Archived from the original on June 7, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
  2. 1 2 "Amanda Todd suspect Aydin Coban writes open letter proclaiming innocence". CBC News. January 28, 2015. Archived from the original on July 9, 2015.
  3. ↑ "Trial of Dutch man charged in Amanda Todd cyberbullying case to begin Monday". CBC. Karin Larsen, Yvette Brand. June 6, 2022. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  4. ↑ Judd, Amy (January 10, 2022). "B.C. judge rules Amanda Todd's name can be reported during cyberbullying trial". Global News. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Hainsworth, Jeremy (April 18, 2014). "Dutch man's case linked to Amanda Todd". Associated Press. Archived from the original on April 21, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014 – via MSN News.
  6. 1 2 3 Little, Simon (October 14, 2022). "Judge sentences B.C. teen Amanda Todd's online tormentor to 13 years in prison". Global News. Archived from the original on October 15, 2022. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  7. ↑ Cahute, Larissa (November 19, 2012). "Amanda Todd: Hundreds hear tributes from family, friends, teachers". The Province. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  8. ↑ Martins, Monisha (November 18, 2012). "Amanda Todd celebrated in 'the birthday party she wanted'". Tri-City News. Archived from the original on December 16, 2012. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  9. ↑ "Amanda Todd tribute honours life of bullied teen". CBC. Meera Bains. Calgary, CA. November 18, 2012. Archived from the original on November 21, 2012. Retrieved November 24, 2012. After she died, the video gained worldwide recognition and registered more than six million hits, and copies of the video re-posted to YouTube have since gained at least 16 million additional hits.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  10. ↑ My story: Struggling, bullying, suicide, self harm, archived from the original on September 23, 2022, retrieved May 23, 2023
  11. ↑ Teens React to Bullying (Amanda Todd), archived from the original on May 23, 2023, retrieved May 23, 2023
  12. ↑ The Sextortion of Amanda Todd - the fifth estate, archived from the original on May 5, 2023, retrieved May 23, 2023
  13. ↑ Amanda Todd: Bullied Teen Commits Suicide, archived from the original on May 23, 2023, retrieved May 23, 2023
  14. ↑ Amanda Todd bullying arrest, archived from the original on May 16, 2023, retrieved May 23, 2023
  15. ↑ Bullying Tragedy: Amanda Todd's Nightmare, archived from the original on October 8, 2022, retrieved May 23, 2023
  16. ↑ "RCMP launch investigation into death of bullied BC teen". CTV News. Michele Brunoro. October 12, 2012. Archived from the original on October 13, 2012. Retrieved October 13, 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  17. ↑ Fowlie, Jonathan (October 13, 2012). "After Amanda Todd's death, Christy Clark says new laws may be needed to combat bullying". Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 My story: Struggling, bullying, suicide, self-harm on YouTube, 7 September 2012, Retrieved 18 April 2014. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 23, 2022. Retrieved September 26, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 "Online bullying of B.C. teen continues amid police probe". CTV News. Omar Sachedina; The Canadian Press. October 13, 2012. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
  20. 1 2 3 Shaw, Gillian (October 20, 2012). "'She shared everything with me': Amanda Todd's mother talks about her life with her daughter". Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 "Amanda Todd – Transcript of video". Riley_Huntley. October 15, 2012. Archived from the original on December 10, 2012 – via Pastebin.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  22. ↑ Martins, Monisha (October 26, 2016). "Predators lurk behind computer screens". Maple Ridge News. Archived from the original on September 26, 2016. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  23. 1 2 3 Mungin, Lateef (October 13, 2012). "Bullied Canadian teen leaves behind chilling YouTube video". CNN. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
  24. ↑ Morris, Kevin (October 19, 2012). "Inside the sick pedophile ring that blackmailed girls like Amanda Todd". The Daily Dot. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
  25. ↑ Woo, Andrea (October 25, 2012). "In the darkest corners of the Internet, bullies and predators hide in plain sight". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on October 10, 2016. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
  26. ↑ McGuire, Patrick (November 12, 2012). "The Suspicious Return of the Daily Capper". Vice. Archived from the original on May 5, 2016. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
  27. ↑ Villalva, Brittney R. (October 14, 2012). "Amanda Todd: 15-Year-Old Tells Story of Bullying and Suicide Before Death". The Christian Post. Archived from the original on January 2, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
  28. ↑ Shaw, Gillian (October 14, 2012). "Amanda Todd's mother speaks out about her daughter, bullying (with video)". Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on October 31, 2013.
  29. ↑ Bleaney, Rob (October 15, 2012). "Amanda Todd: Suicide girl's mum reveals more harrowing details of cyber bullying campaign that drove her daughter to her death". Daily Mirror. Archived from the original on June 23, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
  30. ↑ Shaw, Gillian; Culbert, Lori (October 12, 2012). "Port Coquitlam teen driven to death by cyberbullying (with video)". Montreal Gazette. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
  31. ↑ Luymes, Glenda (March 25, 2002). "Cyberbullying: Outpouring of grief over teen's suicide (with video)". The Province. Archived from the original on October 14, 2012. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
  32. ↑ "About CABE". BC, CA: sd43. Archived from the original on February 3, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2012.
  33. ↑ Penny, Laurie (October 18, 2012). "It's too late for Amanda Todd, but we must out the cyber-bullies". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on November 22, 2012. Retrieved November 20, 2012. Amanda Todd, a 15-year-old Canadian schoolgirl hanged herself, last week, after years of unrelenting abuse by peers and online predators, one of whom persuaded her to flash her breasts and then shared the picture around the world.
  34. ↑ Agomuoh, Fionna (October 15, 2012). "Amanda Todd Suicide Doesn't End Cyber Torment For Ridiculed Teen". International Business Times. Archived from the original on March 16, 2013. Retrieved November 20, 2012. Amanda Todd of British Columbia apparently hanged herself on Oct. 10 after a grave mistake followed her for the rest of her brief life.
  35. ↑ Ryall, Jenni (October 17, 2012). "Anonymous outs bully they claim drove Amanda Todd to suicide, mum says leave her family alone". News Limited. Archived from the original on November 14, 2012. Retrieved November 20, 2012. Amanda Todd, from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, was found hanged in her home on October 10, weeks after she uploaded a video to YouTube that describes – via a series of note cards – her treatment at the hands of a cyber bully.
  36. ↑ Dufour, Katinka (October 16, 2012). "Amanda Todd case highlights issue of online bullying". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved November 11, 2012. Amanda Todd, was found hanged in her home in Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada, last Wednesday, one month before her 16th birthday.
  37. ↑ "Amanda Todd was not internet obsessed, mother says". CBC. Susana da Silva. October 23, 2012. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2014.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  38. 1 2 "RCMP launch full investigation into Amanda Todd's death". Global TV. October 12, 2012. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
  39. 1 2 "Amanda Todd's alleged tormentor named by hacker group". CBC. Chris Brown, The Canadian Press. October 15, 2012. Archived from the original on July 12, 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  40. ↑ "Amanda Todd suicide: RCMP repeatedly told of blackmailer's attempts". CBC News. November 15, 2013. Archived from the original on February 17, 2014. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
  41. ↑ White, Patrick (May 31, 2014). "On the trail of Amanda Todd's alleged tormentor". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on January 29, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  42. 1 2 De Visser, Nadette (February 16, 2017). "Sextortion 15-Year-Old Amanda Todd's Alleged Sextortionist on Trial at Last". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  43. ↑ "Who is the Dutch man arrested in connection with the death of Amanda Todd?". CTV News. April 18, 2014. Archived from the original on September 1, 2014.
  44. ↑ "Amanda Todd case: RCMP detail 5 charges against Dutch citizen". CBC News. Petti Fong, Steve Lus, Kirk Williams, Dan Burritt. April 17, 2014. Archived from the original on April 19, 2014.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  45. ↑ "Man charged in Netherlands in Amanda Todd suicide case". BBC. April 18, 2014. Archived from the original on April 19, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
  46. ↑ Kestler-D’Amours, Jillian (October 27, 2015). "Netherlands drops child porn charges against man also accused in Amanda Todd case Dutch prosecutor has dropped child pornography charges that relate to accused's alleged non-Dutch victims, suspect's lawyer says". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on March 20, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  47. ↑ Strandberg, Diane (October 27, 2015). "Extradition to proceed in Amanda Todd case: Decision by Dutch authorities to leave the Todd case out of legal proceedings not expected to affect court case here regarding Port Coquitlam teen". Tri-City News. Archived from the original on September 19, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  48. ↑ "Amanda Todd case: Accused Dutch man jailed for cyberbullying". BBC. March 16, 2017. Archived from the original on March 17, 2017.
  49. ↑ Little, Simon (December 20, 2019). "Wheels in motion in potential extradition of Amanda Todd's accused tormentor | Globalnews.ca". Global News. Archived from the original on December 21, 2019.
  50. ↑ Brend, Yvette (March 10, 2020). "Dutch man charged in Amanda Todd case says he wants to come to Canada for trial". CBC. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  51. ↑ Brend, Yvette (February 5, 2021). "Dutch man charged in Amanda Todd cyberbullying case was extradited to Canada in early December". CBC. Archived from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
  52. ↑ Proctor, Jason (June 6, 2022). "Accused in Amanda Todd cyberbullying case alleged to have used 22 accounts to sextort teen". CBC. Archived from the original on June 7, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  53. ↑ Alam, Hina (June 6, 2022). "Man accused in Amanda Todd harassment case found guilty on all charges". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on August 13, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2022.
  54. ↑ "Amanda Todd probe delayed by online rumours, scams". CBC. Alan Waterman. The Canadian Press. October 17, 2012. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  55. ↑ "Bullying victims remembered in vigils worldwide:Vigils, memorials follow suicide of B.C. teen Amanda Todd last week". CBC. October 19, 2012. Archived from the original on October 20, 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
  56. ↑ Brown, Louise (October 18, 2012). "Amanda Todd: Toronto students to remember bullied teen who committed suicide". Toronto Star. p. 2. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved October 20, 2012.
  57. ↑ Keller, James (October 19, 2012). "Amanda Todd's death felt at We Day event in Vancouver". The Province. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
  58. ↑ Ferreras, Jesse (November 14, 2012). "Amanda Todd's Mother, Carol Todd, Excluded From Anti-Bullying Conference". HuffPost British Columbia. Archived from the original on November 18, 2012. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
  59. ↑ "Amanda Todd Memorial Set For Sunday". HuffPost British Columbia. HPMG News. November 17, 2012. Archived from the original on November 19, 2012. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
  60. ↑ Shaw, Gillian (November 19, 2022). "Amanda Todd honoured by hundreds at Coquitlam memorial service". Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on November 22, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
  61. 1 2 Shaw, Gillian; Sinoski, Kelly (October 17, 2012). "B.C. man denies harassing Amanda Todd; RCMP say allegations are 'unfounded'". Ottawa Citizen. Postmedia Network Inc. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved January 27, 2013.
  62. ↑ Francis, Nathan (June 19, 2013). "Amanda Todd Investigation: Police Say Anonymous Outed the Wrong Man". Inquisitr. Archived from the original on December 25, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  63. ↑ Woo, Andrea (October 17, 2012). "'Hacktivist' group names second person in Amanda Todd case". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Archived from the original on December 22, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  64. ↑ Dean, Michelle (2012). "The Story of Amanda Todd". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015.
  65. ↑ "The Girl Who Woke Up The World: Amanda Todd". Vancouver Magazine. October 1, 2016. Archived from the original on May 3, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  66. ↑ Hewlett, Jason (January 3, 2013). "Amanda Todd video put spotlight on bullying". The Kamloops Daily News. Archived from the original on May 17, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
  67. ↑ "Ontario man loses job after writing cruel Facebook comment about Amanda Todd". National Post Wire Services. The Canadian Press. October 17, 2012. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
  68. ↑ "Toronto man fired after 'trolling' Amanda Todd Facebook page". Ottawa Citizen. Vancouver Sun. October 16, 2012. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
  69. ↑ "Police question New Zealand teen over Amanda Todd images". BNO News. October 19, 2012. Archived from the original on January 18, 2013. Retrieved October 20, 2012.
  70. ↑ Garossino, Sandy (August 8, 2013). "Time to rip the mask of anonymity off online trolls". The Vancouver Observer. Archived from the original on September 13, 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  71. ↑ Burgmann, Tamsyn (August 8, 2016). "Internet meme for Suicide Squad film ridicules Amanda Todd's death, mom says: Carol Todd says she has shared the images to build awareness and discussion". CBC. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on September 12, 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  72. ↑ Shaw, Gillian (October 13, 2012). "Mother wants Amanda Todd's video to help others". Calgary Herald. Archived from the original on October 16, 2012. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
  73. ↑ Ng, Christina (October 18, 2012). "Bullied Teen's Death Spurs Fake Sites". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 5, 2013.
  74. ↑ "Carol Todd wants you to #LightUpPurple for World Mental Health Day". Kids Help Phone. Archived from the original on September 19, 2016. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  75. ↑ Strandberg, Diane (October 26, 2016). "New Amanda Todd award for DC students: $1,000 award will be given to students enrolled in child and youth care program in recognition of Port Coquitlam teen and mental health issues". Tri-City News. Archived from the original on September 19, 2016. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  76. ↑ Langley, Alison (July 17, 2015). "Everyone Can Made A Difference". Niagara Falls Review. Archived from the original on September 23, 2016. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  77. ↑ Taber, Jane (April 12, 2014). "Forged in sadness, grieving mothers find friendship". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on September 20, 2016. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  78. ↑ "Jocelyn Morlock wins Classical Composition of the Year". CBC. March 24, 2018. Juno Gala Dinner & Awards. Archived from the original on March 30, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  79. ↑ "In wake of Amanda Todd suicide, MPs to debate anti-bullying motion". CTV News. Omar Sachedina. October 14, 2012. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved October 17, 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  80. ↑ Boutilier, Alex (April 13, 2014). "Amanda Todd's mother raises concerns about cyberbullying bill: Families of cyberbullying victims want legislation, but some have concerns about warrantless access to Canadians personal data". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on October 28, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  81. ↑ Todd, Carol (May 14, 2014). "Carol Todd's Testimony regarding Bill C-13". OpenParliament. Archived from the original on September 18, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  82. ↑ Powers, Lucas (February 19, 2016). "Apple's encryption battle with the FBI could spill into Canada: U.S. legal fight will be closely watched north of the border". CBC. Archived from the original on October 27, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  83. ↑ Puzic, Sonja (March 9, 2015). "Anti-cyberbullying law, Bill C-13, now in effect". CTV News. Archived from the original on September 20, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  84. ↑ Montgomery, Marc (April 30, 2016). "Canada's cyberbullying and revenge porn law applies to adults too". Radio Canada International. Archived from the original on September 12, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.