Amnesiac neuropeptides
Identifiers
OrganismDrosophila melanogaster
Symbolamn
UniProtQ24049
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro

The amnesiac (amn) gene in Drosophila is a mutant suppressor of the dunce gene. The gene produces a neuropeptide[1][2][3] of the same name.[4]

Biological role

By suppressing dunce through mutagenesis, the amnesiac gene plays a role in reproduction of Drosophila because dunce is the sterility gene.[3][5] This molecule has similar peptides to pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH).[2][3] The biological role of amnesiac gene is activating the adenyl cyclase second messenger pathway (cAMP) involved in its memory retrieval through these two peptides.[1][2][5][6] The sensory and motor capabilities of amnesiac are normal, but it is memory retrieval that is affected, not storage.[7] The amnesiac gene is directly involved in development of memory retrieval in the brain along with alcohol sensitivity patterning.[1][6]

Clinical relevance

Defects associated with amnesiac gene include: increased sensitivity to alcohol,[6] normal initial memory, and failure for adult memory formation.[5] Defects associated with amnesiac are due to the behavior of amn as a sex-linked recessive on the X chromosome.[7] An abnormality on one allele of the genetic mutant, amnesiac, that increases sensitivity to alcohol is called cheapdate.[2][6] Scientists have not generated a knockout model yet for the amnesiac gene due to the mutant effects created on multiple genes along with the need for further research studies about the amnesiac gene.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Feany MB, Quinn WG (May 1995). "A Neuropeptide Gene Defined by the Drosophila Memory Mutant amnesiac". Science. 268 (5212): 869–873. Bibcode:1995Sci...268..869F. doi:10.1126/science.7754370. PMID 7754370.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Brody, T. Amnesiac. (2006).
  3. 1 2 3 Brody, T. (June 2015). "Amnesiac – Developmental Biology".
  4. ↑ Schoofs, Liliane; De Loof, Arnold; Van Hiel, Matthias Boris (2017-01-31). "Neuropeptides as Regulators of Behavior in Insects". Annual Review of Entomology. Annual Reviews. 62 (1): 35–52. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035500. ISSN 0066-4170. PMID 27813667.
  5. 1 2 3 Davis, R. (April 1996). "Physiology and Biochemistry of Drosophlia Learning Mutants". The American Physiological Society. 76 (2): 299–317. doi:10.1152/physrev.1996.76.2.299. PMID 8618959.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Heberlein, U. (2000). "Genetics of Alcohol-Induced Behaviors in Drosophlia" (PDF). Alcohol Research & Health. 24 (3): 185–188. PMC 6709738. PMID 11199289.
  7. 1 2 Quinn WG, Sziber PP, Booker R (January 1979). "The Drosophila memory mutant amnesiac". Nature. 277 (5693): 212–214. Bibcode:1979Natur.277..212Q. doi:10.1038/277212a0. PMID 121760. S2CID 4240537.
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