Anaa
NASA picture of Anaa Atoll
Anaa is located in French Polynesia
Anaa
Anaa
Geography
LocationPacific Ocean
Coordinates17°20′31″S 145°30′31″W / 17.34194°S 145.50861°W / -17.34194; -145.50861
ArchipelagoTuamotus
Area90 km2 (35 sq mi)  (lagoon)
38 km2 (15 sq mi) (above water)
Length29.5 km (18.33 mi)
Width6.5 km (4.04 mi)
Highest elevation11 m (36 ft)
Highest point(unnamed)
Administration
France
Overseas collectivityFrench Polynesia
Administrative subdivisionÎles Tuamotu-Gambier
CommuneAnaa
Largest settlementTuuhora
Demographics
Population494[1] (2016)
Pop. density13/km2 (34/sq mi)

Anaa, Nganaa-nui (or Ara-ura)[2] is an atoll in the Tuamotu archipelago, in French Polynesia. It is located in the north-west of the archipelago, 350 km to the east of Tahiti. It is oval in shape, 29.5 km in length and 6.5 km wide, with a total land area of 38 km2 and a population of 504. The atoll is made up by eleven small barren islands with deeper and more fertile soil than other atolls in the Tuamotus. The lagoon is shallow, without entrance, and formed by three main basins. Although it does not have any navigable access, the water of the lagoon renews by several small channels that can be crossed walking.

History

Landscape

The atoll of Anaa was known by the legendary cruelty of its soldiers who in the seventeenth century, dominated the north-west of the Tuamotus.

The Spanish expedition of Pedro Fernández de Quirós landed on Conversión de San Pablo on 10 February 1606, since identified as either Anaa or Hao.[3] The sighting of Anaa was recorded by French explorer Louis Antoine de Bougainville in 1768.[4] James Cook sighted it in 1769. Because of its shape, he called it Chain Island. Later, Anaa was visited by Spanish explorer Domingo de Bonechea,[5] on November 1 of 1772, who called it Isla de Todos los Santos (All Saints Island) because they arrived on All Saints' Day.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, control of the atoll went to the Pomaré of Tahiti. Around 1850 Anaa was an active center of the nacre commerce and copra, with a maximum population of 2,000. The missionary competition between Mormons of North America and French Catholics led to a revolt in 1852, and an intervention by French colonial troops.

In 1878 and 1906 Anaa suffered severe hurricane damages and was completely flooded. After the hurricane of 1983, the only village was moved and reconstructed, incorporating a refuge shelter with capacity for all its population.

Anaa has a territorial airport which was inaugurated in 1976.

Geography

Anaa is located 66 km south of Faaite Atoll, 78 km from Tahanea Atoll and 377 km east of Tahiti; and is an oval atoll 29.5 km long and 6.5 km wide, with a total area of 38 km2. The coral reef is made up of eleven islets with deeper and more fertile soil than the other atolls of the Tuamotu, of which nine are named:

Kereteki, Mania, Omanaotika, Oparari, Otepipi, Putuahara, Teharie, Tematahoa and Tukuhora.[6]

The lagoon is shallow, with no navigable passages to the ocean, and consists of 3 main basins. Although it has no navigable passages, the lagoon water is renewed by several shallow channels that can be crossed on foot.

Geology

Geologically, the atoll is the coral outgrowth (105 meters) of the top of a large volcanic seamount of the same name (the "Anaa Ridge", 11,438 m3), measuring 3,415 meters from the seafloor, formed some 52.5-59.6 million years ago.[7]

Fauna and flora

The atoll is home to an endemic population of long-billed warblers and its lagoon has colonies of Cardium fragum.[8]

Tuuhora

The main village is Tuuhora, also called Tukuhora or Anaa, with a population of about 350. The other small villages like Temarie, Otepipi, Mania and Tematahoa have small seasonal population. The population subsists mainly on fishing, the cultivation of nacre and the production of copra.

Demography

The population was 497 in 2012,[9] and lives mainly from fishing, mother-of-pearl farming and copra production.

Pier at the Atoll

In 2017, the total population of Anaa was 494 people[10] and its evolution is as follows:

1983 1988 1996 2002 2007 2012 2017
400 426 411 435 463 496 494
Sources: ISPF and Government of French Polynesia.

Religion

In 1850, Anaa was an active mother-of-pearl and copra trading centre, with a maximum population of 2000 people. In 1852, French colonial troops intervened, following an uprising resulting from competition between North American Mormons and French Catholics. Today, most of the population is affiliated with Christianity. The Catholic Church owns a religious building on the atoll (on Tukuhora) called St. Joseph's Church (Église de Saint-Joseph)[11] which is under the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Papeete based in Tahiti.

Economy

Most of the atoll's economic activity is related to fishing and fish farming in the hoas6, as well as copra production, with coconut plantations cultivated on virtually every motus (islets).

Anaa has an airfield (IATA code: AAA) near the main town of Tukuhora with a runway 1,400 meters long. On average, it handles about 140 flights and 3,500 passengers per year.[12]

Commune of Anaa

Anaa
Commune
Location (in red) within the Tuamotu Archipelago
Location (in red) within the Tuamotu Archipelago
Location of Anaa
Coordinates: 17°20′31″S 145°30′31″W / 17.3419°S 145.5087°W / -17.3419; -145.5087
CountryFrance
Overseas collectivityFrench Polynesia
SubdivisionÎles Tuamotu-Gambier
Area
1
55.7 km2 (21.5 sq mi)
Population
 (2017)
811
 • Density15/km2 (38/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC−10:00
INSEE/Postal code
98711 /
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

The atoll Anaa is part of the commune (municipality) Anaa, that is part of the administrative subdivision of the Îles Tuamotu-Gambier.[13] This commune also includes the associated atoll of Faaite and the uninhabited atolls of Tahanea and Motutunga.[14] The seat of the commune is the village Tuuhora.[14]

Overview

Atollmain
village		Population
2017[15]		land
area
(km2)[16]		lagoon
(km2)		Location
commune associée of Anaa
AnaaTuuhora49437.79017°20′S 145°30′W / 17.333°S 145.500°W / -17.333; -145.500
commune associée of Faaite
FaaiteHitianau31718.022716°43′S 145°19′W / 16.717°S 145.317°W / -16.717; -145.317
Motutunga--12617°04′S 144°17′W / 17.067°S 144.283°W / -17.067; -144.283
Tahanea--522.516°50′S 144°45′W / 16.833°S 144.750°W / -16.833; -144.750
commune of AnaaTukuhora81155.7965.5

Faaite

Faaite is an atoll located 60 km to the north of Anaa. The total surface of the atoll is of 230 km2. Its dry land area has a surface of 9 km2. The inner lagoon has a navigable channel to the ocean. The main village is Hitianau, with a total population of 246. It was discovered by John Turnbull in 1802, the first retailer of the Pacific who used the route of Tahiti to Hawaii. Historically the atoll also has been known as Miloradovich.

Tahanea

Tahanea is an atoll of 63 km2, with three passages towards the interior of the lagoon. It is uninhabited and is visited occasionally. It was discovered by Domingo Bonaechea in 1772, who called it San Julian. It has also been known as Tchitschagof.

Motutunga

Motutunga is an uninhabited atoll, with a passage to the interior of the nonnavigable lagoon. Domingo Bonaechea called it San Blas. It has also been known as Adventure Island.

References

  1. ↑ "Population". Institut de la statistique de la Polynésie française. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  2. ↑ Young, J.L. (1899). "Names of the Paumotu Islands, with the old names so far as they are known". Journal of the Polynesian Society. 8 (4): 264–268. Archived from the original on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
  3. ↑ Langdon, Robert The Lost Caravel Sidney, 1975, p.47; Maude, H. E. Spanish discoveries in the Pacific, JPS 1959, 68:4 p.285-326.
  4. ↑ Tahiti et ses archipels par Pierre-Yves Toullelan, éditions Karthala, 1991, ISBN 2-86537-291-X, p.61.
  5. ↑ Salmond, Anne (2010). Aphrodite's Island. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 241. ISBN 9780520261143.
  6. ↑ "scriptol.com". Archived from the original on 2014-08-10.
  7. ↑ "Seamount Catalog -- Anaa Ridge -- Tuamotu Seamount Trail". earthref.org. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
  8. ↑ Dahl, Arthur Lyon (1986). Review of the Protected Areas System in Oceania: Based on the Work of Arthur Lyon Dahl. The Union. ISBN 978-2-88032-509-1.
  9. ↑ "Population". www.ispf.pf. Archived from the original on 2022-03-19. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  10. ↑ "Atlas de Polynésie - Tuamotu Gambier - ANAA". Direction des Ressources Marines (in French). Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  11. ↑ "Église de Saint-Joseph". GCatholic. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  12. ↑ "Union des Aéroports Français". www.aeroport.fr. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
  13. ↑ Décret n° 2005-1611 du 20 décembre 2005 pris pour l'application du statut d'autonomie de la Polynésie française, Légifrance
  14. 1 2 Décret n°72-407 du 17 mai 1972 portant création de communes dans le territoire de la Polynésie française, Légifrance
  15. ↑ Répartition de la population en Polynésie française en 2017 Archived 2018-10-24 at the Wayback Machine, Institut de la statistique de la Polynésie française
  16. ↑ "R1- Population sans doubles comptes, des subdivisions, communes et communes associées de Polynésie française, de 1971 à 1996". Institut de la statistique de la Polynésie française. Archived from the original on 2012-11-14. Retrieved 2019-03-14.
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