Andrei Shleifer
Born (1961-02-20) February 20, 1961
Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
NationalityRussian American
Academic career
InstitutionHarvard University
University of Chicago
FieldBehavioral finance
Law and economics
Development economics
Alma materMIT
Harvard University
Doctoral
advisor		Peter A. Diamond[1]
Franklin M. Fisher[1]
Doctoral
students		Sendhil Mullainathan
Matthew Gentzkow
Jesse Shapiro
Emily Oster
Ulrike Malmendier
John Friedman
InfluencesLawrence Summers
Milton Friedman[2]
ContributionsLegal origins theory
Big push model
AwardsJohn Bates Clark Medal (1999)
Information at IDEAS / RePEc

Andrei Shleifer (/ˈʃlaɪfər/ SHLY-fər; born February 20, 1961) is a Russian-American economist and Professor of Economics at Harvard University, where he has taught since 1991. Shleifer was awarded the biennial John Bates Clark Medal in 1999 for his seminal works in three fields: corporate finance (corporate governance, law and finance), the economics of financial markets (deviations from efficient markets), and the economics of transition.

IDEAS/RePEc has ranked him as the second top economist in the world,[3] and he is also listed as #1 on the list of "Most-Cited Scientists in Economics & Business".[4] He served as project director of the Harvard Institute for International Development's Russian aid project from its inauguration in 1992 until 1997,[5] where he and his associates made Russian investments, and settled a lawsuit from the U.S. government for such a violation of HIID's contract.[6]

Life

He was born to a Jewish family[7] in the Soviet Union and emigrated to Rochester, New York, as a teenager in 1976, where he attended an inner-city school and learned English from episodes of Charlie's Angels.[8] He then studied mathematics, obtaining his BA from Harvard University in 1982.[9] Following this, he went to graduate school in economics, acquiring his PhD from MIT in 1986. As a freshman at Harvard, Shleifer took Math 55 with Brad DeLong; he has said that the course made him realize he was not destined to be a mathematician, but the experience gave him a future co-author.[8] Shleifer also met his mentor and professor, Lawrence Summers, during his undergraduate education at Harvard. The two went on to be co-authors, joint grant recipients, and faculty colleagues.[5]

He has held a tenured position in the Department of Economics at Harvard University since 1991 and was, from 2001 through 2006, the Whipple V. N. Jones Professor of Economics.[10] Previously, he taught at the Graduate School of Business at the University of Chicago and briefly at Princeton University.

Work

Shleifer's earliest work was in financial economics, where he has contributed to the field of behavioral finance. He has also written influential papers on political economy, the economics of transition, and economic development, collaborating with his former colleagues in Chicago, Kevin M. Murphy and Robert W. Vishny. Their paper "Industrialization and the Big Push" was credited by Paul Krugman as a major breakthrough which ended a "long slump in development theory".[11]

With coauthors Rafael La Porta, Simeon Djankov and Florencio Lopez de Silanes, Shleifer has also made significant contributions to the study of corporate governance.

In recent years, his research has focused on the legal origins theory (also sometimes known as law and finance theory), which claims that the legal tradition a country adheres to (such as common law or various types of civil law) is an important determining factor for a country's development, most of all financial development.

The Clark medal citation described him as a "superb economist, working in the old Chicago tradition of building simple models, emphasizing basic economic mechanisms, and carefully looking at the evidence.... A recurring theme of his research is the respective role of markets, institutions, and governments."[12]

Asset management

In 1994 Shleifer founded LSV Asset Management with Josef Lakonishok and Robert Vishny. As of February 2006, it managed about $50 billion. Shleifer has since sold his ownership stake.[13]

Scandal

During the early 1990s, Andrei Shleifer headed a Harvard project under the auspices of the Harvard Institute for International Development (HIID) that invested U.S. government funds in the development of Russia's economy. Schleifer was also a direct advisor to Anatoly Chubais, then vice-premier of Russia, who managed the Rosimushchestvo (Russian: росимущество, lit. 'Russian assets' or Committee for the Management of State Property) portfolio and was a primary engineer of Russian privatization. Shleifer was also tasked with establishing a stock market for Russia that would be a world-class capital market.[14] In 1996 complaints about the Harvard project led Congress to launch a General Accounting Office investigation, which stated that the Harvard Institute for International Development (HIID) was given "substantial control of the U.S. assistance program.”[15]

In 1997, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) canceled most of its funding for the Harvard project after investigations showed that top HIID officials Andrei Shleifer and Jonathan Hay had used their positions and insider information to profit from investments in the Russian securities markets. Among other things, the Institute for a Law Based Economy (ILBE) was allegedly used to assist Shleifer's wife, Nancy Zimmerman, who operated a hedge fund which speculated in Russian bonds.[14]

In August 2005, Harvard University, Shleifer and the Department of Justice reached an agreement under which the university paid $26.5 million to settle the five-year-old lawsuit. Shleifer was also responsible for paying $2 million worth of damages, though he did not admit any wrongdoing.[10][16]

Works

  • Boycko, Maxim; ——; Vishny, Robert (1995). Privatizing Russia. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-02389-4.
  • —— (2000). Inefficient Markets: An Introduction to Behavioral Finance. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-829227-2.

References

  1. 1 2 Shleifer, Andrei (1986). The business cycle and the stock market (PDF) (PhD). MIT. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
  2. ↑ Andrei Shleifer. "The Age of Milton Friedman". Retrieved 2013-10-19.
  3. ↑ "Economist Rankings at IDEAS". Ideas.repec.org. Retrieved 2011-09-13.
  4. ↑ "Most-Cited Scientists in Economics & Business" Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine ISI Web of Knowledge
  5. 1 2 Wedel, Janine. Shadow Elite: How the World's New Power Brokers Undermine Democracy, Government, and the Free Market. New York: Basic, 2009.
  6. ↑ "How Harvard lost Russia | Institutional Investor". Archived from the original on 2016-08-27. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  7. ↑ The Harvard Crimson: "Was Shleifer Screwed? - Sure, he had to pay a $2 million settlement—but he also got mad loot from Harvard" By Zachary M. Seward September 29, 2005
  8. 1 2 Bhayani, Paras D. (June 4, 2007). "Andrei Shleifer and J. Bradford DeLong". Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
  9. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-01-08. Retrieved 2014-01-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. 1 2 Bombardieri, Marcella (2006-10-14). "Harvard professor loses honorary title in ethics violation". Boston Globe.
  11. ↑ Paul Krugman. "The Fall and Rise of Development Economics". Retrieved 2013-10-19.
  12. ↑ "Andrei Shleifer, Clark medal citation" (PDF). aeaweb.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-30. Retrieved 2013-10-19.
  13. ↑ "How Harvard lost Russia". Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
  14. 1 2 "How Harvard Lost Russia". Institutional Investor. February 27, 2006. Archived from the original on July 5, 2014. Retrieved May 28, 2016.
  15. ↑ "Who Taught Crony Capitalism to Russia?". The Wall Street Journal Europe. March 19, 2001. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
  16. ↑ "Harvard Defendants Pay Over $31 Million to Settle False Claims Act Allegations, Reports... -- re> BOSTON, Aug. 3 /PRNewswire/ --". Archived from the original on 2013-09-12.
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