Andrzej Duda
Official portrait, 2019
President of Poland
Assumed office
6 August 2015
Prime MinisterEwa Kopacz
Beata Szydło
Mateusz Morawiecki
Donald Tusk
Preceded byBronisław Komorowski
Member of the European Parliament
In office
1 July 2014 – 25 May 2015
Constituency10 – Kraków
Member of the Sejm
In office
8 November 2011 – 1 July 2014
Constituency13 – Kraków II
Member of the Kraków City Council
In office
2 December 2010 – 8 November 2011
Constituency2 – Prądnik Biały/Krowodrza
Undersecretary of State in the Chancellery of the President
In office
16 January 2008 – 6 July 2010
PresidentLech Kaczyński
vacant
Undersecretary of State in the Ministry of Justice
In office
1 August 2006 – 15 November 2007
MinisterZbigniew Ziobro
Personal details
Born
Andrzej Sebastian Duda

(1972-05-16) 16 May 1972
Kraków, Poland
Political partyIndependent (2015–present)
Law and Justice leaning (2015-present)
Other political
affiliations		Law and Justice (2005–2015)
Freedom Union (2000–2001)
Spouse
​
(m. 1994)​
ChildrenKinga Duda
ResidencePresidential Palace
Alma materJagiellonian University
Salary~300,000 zł
(€64,000), annual[1][2]
Awards
Signature

Andrzej Sebastian Duda (/ˈɑːndʒɛj ˈduːdə/ AHN-jay DOO-də; Polish pronunciation: ['andʐɛj ˈduda] ⓘ; born 16 May 1972) is a lawyer and politician who has served as president of Poland since 6 August 2015.[3] Before becoming president, Andrzej Duda was a member of the Polish Lower House (Sejm) from 2011 to 2014 and the European Parliament from 2014 to 2015.[4]

Andrzej Duda was the presidential candidate for the Law and Justice party (PiS) during the presidential election in May 2015. In the first round of voting, he received 5,179,092 votes – 34.76% of valid votes. In the second round of voting, he received 51.55% of the vote, beating the incumbent president Bronisław Komorowski, who received 48.45% of the vote. On 26 May 2015, Andrzej Duda resigned his party membership as the president-elect.

On 24 October 2019, he received the official support of PiS ahead of his re-election campaign in 2020. He finished first in the first round and then went on to defeat Rafał Trzaskowski in the runoff with 10,440,648 votes or 51.03% of the vote.[5] Throughout his first and second terms, Duda has largely aligned himself with the right-wing ideologies espoused by PiS and its leader Jarosław Kaczyński. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Duda has played an important role in coordinating international efforts to support Ukraine's military.[6]

Early life and education

Duda was born on 16 May 1972 in Kraków, to Janina (Milewska) and Jan Tadeusz Duda, professors at the AGH University of Science and Technology. His grandfather fought in the Polish–Soviet War and later was a member of the Home Army during the Second World War.[7]

Between 1987 and 1991, Duda attended Jan III Sobieski High School, Kraków, where he excelled in Humanities.[8] He subsequently studied law at the Jagiellonian University, and earned a law degree. In 2001, he was appointed as a research assistant in the Department of Administrative Law of the Jagiellonian University's Faculty of Law and Administration. In January 2005, Duda earned a Doctor of Law degree (LL.D.) at the Jagiellonian University. Due to his political career, he has been mostly on unpaid leave from the university since September 2006, except for a 13-month interval beginning in September 2010, when he returned to the university.[9] Additionally, he was a lecturer at Mieszko I College of Education and Administration, Poznań.[10]

Political career

President Lech Kaczyński appointing Duda as undersecretary of state in the Chancellery of the President, 16 January 2008

Duda began his political career with the now defunct Freedom Union Party in the early 2000s. After the parliamentary elections in 2005, he began his collaboration with the Law and Justice Party (PiS).[11] From 2006 to 2007, he was an undersecretary of state in the Ministry of Justice. Then, from 2007 to 2008, he was a member of the Polish State Tribunal.

From 2008 to 2010, during the presidency of Lech Kaczyński, Duda was an undersecretary of state in the Chancellery of the President.[12] In 2010, he was an unsuccessful candidate to become the Mayor of Kraków as a PiS candidate,[13] but was more successful in the 2011 parliamentary election, where he received 79,981 votes for the Kraków area, and thus became a member of the Sejm.[14]

In September 2013, the news magazine Polityka commended Duda for being one of the most active members of parliament, describing him as being open to opposition arguments and as refraining from personal attacks, as part of his role at the Commission for Constitutional Responsibility.[15] Duda remained a member of the Sejm until he was elected to the European Parliament in 2014.[16]

2015 presidential campaign

As Bronisław Komorowski's presidential term was expiring, Komorowski was able to seek re-election in a scheduled presidential election. Duda was Komorowski's Law and Justice rival in the election.

In the first round of the 2015 presidential election, Duda came first, receiving 5,179,092 votes and thus 34.76% of valid votes.[17]

In the second round Duda took 51.55% of the vote against the 48.45% share of his rival, the incumbent president Bronisław Komorowski.[18] On 26 May 2015, he officially resigned from party membership;[19] recent precedent calls for the president to not be a formal member of a political party.

2020 presidential campaign

In the first round of the 2020 presidential election, Duda appeared to come in first, receiving almost 44% of the votes. Warsaw mayor Rafał Trzaskowski came in second, with just over 30% of the vote. The second round took place on 12 July.[20] Duda won reelection.[21]

Presidency (2015–present)

Andrzej Duda taking the oath of office, 6 August 2015
Duda and Xi Jinping signed a declaration on strategic partnership
Duda with U.S. President Joe Biden in Warsaw

The first five-year term of Andrzej Duda began on 6 August 2015 with taking an oath of office during a National Assembly session.[22]

Duda rejected the European Union's proposal of migrant quotas to redistribute asylum seekers, saying: "I won't agree to a dictate of the strong. I won't back a Europe where the economic advantage of the size of a population will be a reason to force solutions on other countries regardless of their national interests".[23]

In September 2015 Prime Minister Ewa Kopacz declared that Poland, as an expression of "European solidarity", would take in 2,000 people over the next two years, mainly from Syria and Eritrea (out of 3,700 originally requested).[24]

Duda and Croatian President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović were the originators of the Three Seas Initiative.[25]

Duda repeatedly met with general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Xi Jinping,[26][27] stating that "Polish companies will benefit hugely" from China's Belt and Road Initiative.[28] Duda and Xi signed a declaration on strategic partnership in which they reiterated that Poland and China viewed each other as long-term strategic partners.[29] Duda said that he hopes Poland will become a gateway to Europe for China.[30]

In September 2017, his approval rating stood at 71% and in February 2018, at 72%, a record surpassed only by Aleksander Kwaśniewski, whose approval ratings surpassed 75% from 1995 to 2005.[31][32]

On June 06, 2023, Andrzej Duda presented three goals of Poland's presidency in the European Union in the first half of 2025. The first goal is to deepen transatlantic cooperation and strengthen the relationship between the European Union and the United States. The second goal is to further expand the community to include Ukraine, Moldova, and the Western Balkans, and in the future, other aspiring countries as well. The third goal will be to enhance Europe's energy security.[33]

Pardon of Mariusz Kamiński

In November 2015, on the basis of Article 139 of the Constitution of Poland, Duda pardoned former Central Anticorruption Bureau (CBA) head Mariusz Kamiński and three CBA officers convicted by a court of 1st instance in the so-called "Land Affair",[34] marking the first pardon granted by a president before reaching a final verdict.[35] According to some lawyers (including professors Jan Zimmermann – Andrzej Duda's doctorate promoter, Leszek Kubicki – former Minister of Justice and Andrzej Zoll – former president of the Constitutional Tribunal) Duda breached the Constitution of Poland.[36][37][38]

Constitutional crisis

Andrzej Duda during a meeting with the Council of Seniors of the Sejm and the Council of Seniors of the Senate at the Sejm

Andrzej Duda refused to swear in any of the five Constitutional Tribunal judge candidates selected by the Sejm of the VII term. Three of them had been selected since 7 November 2015 whose election was declared constitutional.[39] On 3 and 9 December 2015 Duda swore in five other candidates for the same office selected by the Sejm of the VIII term.[40][41]

On 28 December 2015, Duda signed the Constitutional Tribunal bill (passed on 22 December 2015 by the Sejm), which unequivocally breaches the Constitution of Poland according to the National Council of the Judiciary of Poland,[42] the Public Prosecutor General[43] and the Polish Ombudsman.[44]

In June 2016, Duda rejected appointing 10 judges selected by the National Council of the Judiciary of Poland.[45]

In July 2017, Duda informed the public he had decided to veto two controversial judicial bills backed by the government and passed by both houses of the Polish parliament. The President's spokesman subsequently said that the third act – the common courts bill – would be signed.[46] The veto was just one example of Duda opposing the policies of PiS.[47]

Politics of memory; the Holocaust

In February 2018, Duda said that he would sign into law the Amendment to the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance, making it illegal to accuse 'the Polish nation' of complicity in the Holocaust and other Nazi German atrocities, a measure that has roiled relations with Israel, with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu going as far as accusing the Polish government of "Holocaust denial".[48][49][50]

In September 2022, Duda and his wife attended the funeral of Holocaust survivor Edward Mosberg in the United States, and Duda announced that he was awarding Mosberg the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland, the highest Polish award in its class.[51] He awarded it in recognition of Mosberg's achievements in advancing Polish-Jewish dialogue and developing cooperation between nations, and for preserving the memory of and communicating what happened in the Holocaust.[51]

Stance on LGBT rights

In June 2020, Duda said that he would not allow gay couples to marry or adopt children, while describing the LGBT movement as "a foreign ideology" and comparing it to indoctrination in the Soviet Union. He also pledged he would ban LGBT teaching in schools.[52][53][54][55] In response to Duda's comments, former Prime Minister of Belgium Elio Di Rupo publicly asked the European Commission for an official reaction.[56][57][58] Soon after his comments, Duda invited presidential candidate Robert Biedroń (who had asked to meet the President)[59] and an LGBT activist, Bartosz Staszewski, to the Presidential Palace,[60][61] though Robert Biedroń eventually turned down the invitation, refusing to meet President Duda until he apologized.[62] According to Staszewski, during their meeting Duda cited freedom of speech to defend his words about "LGBT ideology".[60]

On 4 July 2020, Duda proposed changing the constitution to ban LGBT couples from adopting children. On 6 July 2020, he signed a document with a presidential draft of the amendment to the Polish Constitution.[63][64][65]

Foreign policy

Duda with Bulgarian President Rumen Radev in Sofia, in 27 November 2018
Duda was the first foreign leader to travel to the White House since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.[66]
Andrzej Duda in Ukraine in April 2022
Duda with Italian President Sergio Mattarella in Rome, in 18 October 2022
Duda, Volodymyr Zelenskyy and Gitanas Nausėda held a meeting in the format of the Lublin Triangle in Lviv, Ukraine, 11 January 2023

In October 2017, he met with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and supported Turkey's accession to the European Union.[67]

U.S. President Donald Trump praised Duda, saying: "He's doing a terrific job."[68][69] In September 2019, Trump and Duda agreed to send 1,000 U.S. troops to Poland.[70]

On 24 June 2020, Trump said at a press conference with Duda that the United States planned to move some U.S. troops from Germany to Poland.[71][72] Trump said that "Poland is one of the few countries that are fulfilling their obligations under NATO — in particular, their monetary obligations — and they asked us if we would send some additional troops. They're going to pay for that."[73]

In February 2022, Duda attended the opening ceremony of the Olympic Winter Games in Beijing and met with Chinese President Xi Jinping. Some Polish diplomats criticised Duda's visit to China because some of Poland's Western allies boycotted the Winter Olympics in China due to the alleged Uyghur genocide and other human rights abuses in China.[74]

In October 2022, Duda declared that Poland would be willing to host U.S. nuclear weapons.[75]

In March 2023, Duda visited gas-rich Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. He focused on energy security and cooperation.[76]

On 7 October 2023, he condemned Hamas' actions during the Israel–Hamas war and expressed his support to Israel and its right to self-defense.[77]

Lex Tusk

On May 29, 2023, during a press conference, Duda announced the intention to sign the "Lex Tusk", a law establishing a commission to investigate Russian influence in Poland. According to the law, the commission is expected to publish its first report in September before the parliamentary elections. The law reached the president's desk after the Sejm rejected the Senate's veto on the matter on May 26. The Senate recommended the rejection of the law in its entirety due to its anti-democratic nature, numerous errors, and 13 potential violations of the constitution.[78][79] On June 7, 2023, the European Commission initiated legal proceedings against Poland regarding the extensively debated law. Brussels was concerned that the law might to used to target opposition politicians in the country's general election which was scheduled, and took place, in late 2023.[80][81]

Personal life

Duda is married to Agata Kornhauser-Duda, a teacher of German at Jan III Sobieski High School in Kraków.[82] They met as high school students, at a party.[7] The couple have been married since 21 December 1994.[83] They have one daughter, Kinga (born 1995).[84] Duda's father-in-law is Julian Kornhauser, a well-known writer, translator and literary critic.[85]

Duda is a keen skier, and he participated in the Polish Academic Championships in Alpine skiing while he was a university student.[7]

Duda is a practising Roman Catholic. He took part in religious ceremonies on many occasions, including Midnight Mass, the blessing of food on Holy Saturday, or the Corpus Christi procession in Kraków.[86][87][88]

Honours

National Honours

Foreign Honours

References

  1. ↑ "Ile zarabia prezydent Polski?". www.gowork.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 18 November 2022.
  2. ↑ "300000 PLN to EUR – Convert Polish Zlotych to Euros". XE. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  3. ↑ "Andrzej Duda Elected Poland's New President, Incumbent Bronislaw Komorowski Concedes Defeat". The Huffington Post. 24 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  4. ↑ Mularczyk, Arkadiusz. "Lista kandydatów na zastępców przewodniczącego i członków Trybunału Stanu" (PDF) (in Polish). Sejm of the Republic of Poland. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  5. ↑ "Wybory Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w 2020 r." wybory.gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  6. ↑ Zerofsky, Elisabeth (4 April 2023). "Poland's War on Two Fronts". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  7. 1 2 3 "Duda story – historia miłości, podboju gór i niespodziewanego wejścia w politykę". 14 February 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  8. ↑ "Rodzina Dudów: nowy prezydent jest zapalonym narciarzem i molem książkowym. Jego żona to wymagająca nauczycielka". TVP. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  9. ↑ "Andrzej Duda od blisko 9 lat jest na urlopie bezpłatnym z UJ". RMF FM. 18 May 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  10. ↑ "dr Andrzej Sebastian Duda". Information Processing Centre Database. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
  11. ↑ Michał Krzymowski, Anna Szulc (14 March 2015). "Andrzej Duda był działaczem Unii Wolności". newsweek.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 23 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
  12. ↑ "Andrzej Duda". andrzejduda.pl. Archived from the original on 26 May 2015.
  13. ↑ "Serwis PKW – Wybory 2010" (in Polish). Retrieved 24 November 2010.
  14. ↑ "Serwis PKW – Wybory 2011" (in Polish). Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  15. ↑ Paradowska, Janina; Dąbrowska, Anna (26 September 2013). "Posłowie na medal i posłowie z naganą". Polityka. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  16. ↑ "Serwis PKW – Wybory 2014" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 24 August 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  17. ↑ "Obwieszczenie Państwowej Komisji Wyborczej z dnia 11 maja 2015 r. o wynikach głosowania i wyniku wyborów Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, zarządzonych na dzień 10 maja 2015 r." (PDF). pkw.gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  18. ↑ "PKW – www.prezydent.2015.pkw.gov.pl". pkw.gov.pl. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  19. ↑ "Andrzej Duda już poza PiS. Zrzekł się członkostwa". Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  20. ↑ Vanessa, Gera; Scislowska, Monika (29 June 2020). "Polish president attacks LGBT rights as he heads to runoff". Associated Press.
  21. ↑ "Wybory Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w 2020 r." wybory.gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  22. ↑ "Oficjalna strona Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej / Aktualności /…". archive.is. 6 August 2015. Archived from the original on 6 August 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  23. ↑ "Poland's Duda Blasts EU 'Dictate of the Strong' on Migrants". Bloomberg. 8 September 2015.
  24. ↑ Gebert, Konstanty (9 September 2015). "Opinion - Poland Shouldn't Shut Out Refugees". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 February 2018 – via NYTimes.com.
  25. ↑ "Wielki plan małych państw. Jak Trójmorze wzmocni lub podzieli Unię". TVN24.pl. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
  26. ↑ "Xi Jinping Holds Talks with President Andrzej Duda of Poland, Two Heads of State Decide to Promote Development Level of China-Poland Strategic Partnership". Chinaembassy.se. 25 November 2015.
  27. ↑ "President Duda sends sympathy message to President Xi Jinping". Polish Press Agency. 3 February 2020.
  28. ↑ "Polish president says Xi Jinping understands central European dynamic". Chinadaily.com.cn. 19 June 2016.
  29. ↑ "Xi welcomes Chinese freight train to 'strategic partner' Poland". Reuters. 20 June 2016.
  30. ↑ "Poland and China sign universal strategic partnership pact". Radio Poland. 20 June 2016.
  31. ↑ "Sondaż CBOS: Wielki wzrost poparcia dla prezydenta Dudy". dorzeczy.pl. September 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  32. ↑ "Prezydent Duda z największym poparciem". fakt.pl. 20 February 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  33. ↑ "President announces bill on Poland's 2025 EU presidency - English Section - polskieradio.pl". polskieradio.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  34. ↑ Polska Agencja Prasowa, 17 November 2015.
  35. ↑ Marek Domagalski. Prezydencka łaska dzieli prawników. Rzeczpospolita, p. C2, 19 November 2015.
  36. ↑ ""Prezydent złamał konstytucję przynajmniej trzykrotnie". Promotor Andrzeja Dudy krytykuje swojego doktoranta". wiadomosci.dziennik.pl. 3 December 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  37. ↑ "Wyborcza.pl". wyborcza.pl. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
  38. ↑ Mazurek, Maria (19 November 2015). "Prof. Andrzej Zoll: Prezydent Duda złamał prawo". Portal I.pl. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  39. ↑ "Dziennik Ustaw from 2015, pos. 2129". isap.sejm.gov.pl. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
  40. ↑ "Oficjalna strona Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej / Aktualności / Wydarzenia / Prezydent odebrał ślubowanie od sędziów Trybunału Konstytucyjnego". 3 December 2015. Archived from the original on 3 December 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
  41. ↑ "prezydent.pl, 9 December 2015". Archived from the original on 26 December 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  42. ↑ "Aktualności - Stanowisko Prezydium Krajowej Rady Sądownictwa w sprawie uchwalonej 22 grudnia 2015 r. zmiany ustawy o Trybunale Konstytucyjnym (Dz. U. poz. 1064 ze zm.) - Krajowa Rada Sądownictwa". krs.pl. Archived from the original on 18 October 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  43. ↑ "Nowelizacja ustawy o TK. Prokurator Generalny straszy paraliżem prac". wiadomosci.dziennik.pl. 23 December 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  44. ↑ Archived 2 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine, rp.pl, 24 December 2015
  45. ↑ Ewa Siedlecka, "Prezydent sądzi sędziów", Gazeta Wyborcza, p. 1, 29 June 2016
  46. ↑ "President of the Republic of Poland / News / President to veto two judicial bills, says will sign bill on common courts". president.pl. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
  47. ↑ "Poland's president turns on his former boss". The Economist. 12 October 2017.
  48. ↑ Selk, Avi (27 January 2018). "Analysis | It could soon be a crime to blame Poland for Nazi atrocities, and Israel is appalled". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  49. ↑ Santora, Marc (6 February 2018). "Poland's President Supports Making Some Holocaust Statements a Crime". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
  50. ↑ Sobczak, Pawel (6 February 2018). "Polish president signs Holocaust bill, triggers Israeli, U.S. criticism". Reuters. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
  51. 1 2 "Pożegnanie Edwarda Mosberga". Oficjalna strona Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. 22 September 2022.
  52. ↑ "Polish president says he would ban LGBT teaching in schools". Reuters. 10 June 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  53. ↑ "Polish Leader Casts Gays as Enemy in Bid to Revive Campaign". BloombergQuint. 10 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  54. ↑ "Polish president compares 'LGBT ideology' to Soviet indoctrination". Reuters. 13 June 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  55. ↑ "Polish President Calls 'LGBT Ideology' More Harmful Than Communism". Time. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
  56. ↑ Tilles, Daniel (15 June 2020). "Polish president condemns LGBT "ideology of evil" in new speech as EU Commissioner issues criticism". Notes From Poland. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  57. ↑ "Elio Di Rupo geschokt door uitlatingen Poolse president over "LGBT-ideologie"". msn.com. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
  58. ↑ "Były premier Belgii oburzony słowami Dudy. Chce konsekwencji dla Polski w UE". Onet Wiadomości (in Polish). 14 June 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
  59. ↑ Kołodziejczyk, oprac Karolina (16 June 2020). "Wybory 2020. Andrzej Duda zaprosił Roberta Biedronia do Pałacu Prezydenckiego". wiadomosci.wp.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  60. 1 2 AP, Vanessa Gera |. "LGBT activist ends meeting with Polish president in protest". Washington Post. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  61. ↑ "Duda zaprasza Biedronia z matką do pałacu. Zaprasza także aktywistę LGBT". Onet Wiadomości (in Polish). 16 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  62. ↑ "Biedroń nie przyjdzie na spotkanie z Dudą. "Nie przeprosił za swoje słowa, chce nas wykorzystać"". gazetapl (in Polish). 16 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  63. ↑ "Poland's homophobic barbarian – sorry, president – Andrzej Duda just vowed to ban same-sex couples from adopting children". PinkNews. 4 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  64. ↑ Tilles, Daniel (4 July 2020). "Polish president proposes constitutional ban on same-sex adoption, calling it "enslavement"". Notes From Poland. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  65. ↑ "Polish president proposes constitutional ban on gay adoption". NBC News. 6 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  66. ↑ "Trump's first foreign visitor amid pandemic is Poland's president". CNN. 24 June 2020.
  67. ↑ "Poland supports Turkey's EU bid, says President Duda". Politico. 17 October 2017.
  68. ↑ "Poland's clash of values in presidential election". BBC News. 28 June 2020.
  69. ↑ "Andrzej Duda, Law and Justice win 2nd presidential term in close Polish election". CBC News. 13 July 2020.
  70. ↑ "US, Polish presidents sign pact to boost American military presence in Poland". DefenseNews. 24 September 2019.
  71. ↑ "Poland's Duda promises 'stronger alliance' with Donald Trump during U.S. visit". Euronews. 25 June 2020.
  72. ↑ "Trump: Poland to get some US troops withdrawn from Germany". Star Tribune. 24 June 2020. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  73. ↑ Kristian, Bonnie (3 July 2020). "Trump's plan to 'probably' move troops to Poland reveals a dangerous lack of a real strategy". Business Insider.
  74. ↑ "Poland's Duda meets Xi Jinping at Olympics amid boycott from other countries". Euractiv. 7 February 2022.
  75. ↑ "Poland Says It Approached US About Sharing Nuclear Weapons". Bloomberg. 5 October 2022.
  76. ↑ "Polish president to discuss food and energy in Qatar, UAE says aide". The First News. 4 March 2023.
  77. ↑ "Duda assures Herzog of Poland's solidarity with Israel". The First News. 8 October 2023.
  78. ↑ "Prezydent Andrzej Duda podpisał "lex Tusk" -". oko.press (in Polish). Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  79. ↑ "Poland's lawmakers approve contentious law targeting opposition". AP NEWS. 26 May 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  80. ↑ Foy, Henry (8 June 2023). "Brussels takes legal action against Warsaw's 'Lex Tusk'". Financial Times. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  81. ↑ "Brussels launches action against Poland over 'Russian influence' law". euronews. 7 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  82. ↑ "Nauczyciele | II Liceum Ogólnokształcące". www.sobieski.krakow.pl. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
  83. ↑ Wantuch, Dominika (25 May 2015). "Agata Kornhauser-Duda. Pierwsza Dama w stylu zachodnim". Gazeta Wyborcza. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  84. ↑ "Andrzej Duda opublikował zdjęcie córki na Instagramie. Pochwalił się jej sukcesem". naTemat.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  85. ↑ Marek Bartosik, Andrzej Duda: spóźniony pociąg do polityki Gazeta Krakowska 19 November 2010 (in Polish)
  86. ↑ "Prezydent Andrzej Duda z rodziną na pasterce [ZDJĘCIA]". katk (in Polish). Super Express. 27 December 2015. Archived from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  87. ↑ "Andrzej Duda z córką święci jajeczko". js (in Polish). Fakt. 26 March 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  88. ↑ Sikora, Kamil (17 August 2015). "Prezydent i kościoły. Od wyborów Andrzej Duda ma więcej zdjęć ze mszy niż z państwowych uroczystości". natemat.pl. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  89. ↑ "Указ № 99 от 14.04.2016 г. За награждаване на г-н Анджей Дуда – президент на Република Полша, с орден "Стара планина" с лента". lex.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 3 May 2016.
  90. ↑ "Oficjalna wizyta Prezydenta Włoch". prezydent.pl (in Polish). 17 April 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  91. ↑ "President of the Republic of Lithuania". lrp.lt. Archived from the original on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  92. ↑ "Chancelaria das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas" (PDF). dre.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 September 2010.
  93. ↑ "Uroczystość odznaczenia przez Prezydenta Węgier – wystąpienie". 9 September 2021. Archived from the original on 12 November 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  94. ↑ "УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №391/2021". Офіційне інтернет-представництво Президента України (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  95. ↑ "Nietypowe odznaczenie dla Andrzeja Dudy. Takiej nagrody nie mógł się spodziewać". Onet Sport (in Polish). 23 July 2022. Archived from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  96. ↑ "Претседателот Пендаровски во Варшава одликуван со Орден на Белиот Орел, претседателот Дуда со Орден "8 Септември"". Претседател на Република Северна Македонија (in Macedonian). 24 October 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  97. ↑ "Yoon confers S. Korea's top order on Polish president". Yonhap News Agency. 13 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.

Media related to Andrzej Duda at Wikimedia Commons

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.