Angan
Kratke Range
EthnicityAngu people
Geographic
distribution		Kratke Range, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea
Linguistic classificationTrans–New Guinea
Glottologanga1289
Map: The Angan languages of New Guinea
  The Angan languages
  Other Trans–New Guinea languages
  Other Papuan languages
  Austronesian languages
  Uninhabited

The Angan or Kratke Range languages are a family of the Trans–New Guinea languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross. The Angan languages are clearly valid as a family. They were first identified as such by J. Lloyd and A. Healey in 1968; Wurm (1975) classified them as Trans–New Guinea. Glottolog treats Angan as a separate or unclassified family, ignoring further evidence.

The languages are spoken in the Kratke Range of Eastern Highlands Province and adjoining areas of Gulf Province and Morobe Province.[1]

Languages

Ross (2005) classifies the languages as follows:[2]

Angan

Branch A is defined by the pronouns 1sg ni and 2sg ti. Ankave is not listed in Ross's classification. It has the 1sg pronouns based on ni, but not a 2sg based on ti.

Usher (2020) is both more agnostic and contradicting of Ross's 'A' and 'B' branches:[3]

Kratke Range

Menya is notable for its dyadic kinship terms (terms referring to the relationship two or more people have to each other), which are rare globally and not prevalent in Papua New Guinea (though they also exist in the Oksapmin language).[4]

Many Angan languages are covered by phonological sketches in Lloyd (1973a, b).[5][6]

Pronouns

Ross (1995) reconstructs the pronouns (independent and object prefixes) as follows:[2]

sgdupl
1 *nə, *ni
*nə-		*nʌ, *yʌi
*e(a)-		*nʌi
*na-
2 *gə, *ti
*gə-		*kʌi*sʌi
*se-
3 *gʌ
*u-/*w-		?
(=3sg)		*ku
(=3sg)

Vocabulary comparison

The following basic vocabulary words are from the Trans-New Guinea database:[7]

glossAnkaveAkoyeBaruyaHamtaiKamasaKawachaMenyaSafeyokaSimbariTainaeYagwoiaAngaataha
head mɨnga(yi)mɨnggaayamɨnyagɨnyamngamagɨnamunakɨnamnyangamɨnakɨnamintamɨnggaaimnakɨnamɨtɨ-'o
hair nda'an̩daa(vɨ')mɨjatamtanjisamsa'amta; ndamɨsamindataṃdemsaasamɨsis-a'a
ear haara'aaraakadɨkaqatakata'akaatɨgaqatahaarahakaantɨkaaarɨ(na)qatisaatɨ'-ɨrɨ
eye sɨmu(yi)aagwaaitɨnnahingotumatɨmmahingwatɨmasɨmtahaagwehinant-a'a
nose sɨ'mahamɨsɨnnahimasipatalɨpasihimazamaanasɨmputahamɨhimsamant-a'a
tooth maangɨmaagamaangamaangamaangamaangaheqwaangamaangamaankamaagemaanamank-ɨrɨ
tongue aai'wɨaabgwa; aavwiataalɨtaaaiwatewatevatewameraanyakwaavlɨlɨaaveonahyaalsaomas-a'a
leg sugwaaviagaavgasɨvɨlayangasugwalɨvyazukazɨvesɨwlahabgu'kwapɨtwalyɨau'-ɨrɨ
louse iyayeyɨleiyaa'aaiyaiyayaaqaiyaailande'ilaakɨrɨ-'o
dog sɨwiatayojɨlɨkahive'aasuyalɨvaayahivyeqazɨwasanjɨlɨkatɨyowakyɨsu'-ɨrɨ
bird ingainkoyutaingamanɨwamɨnavaayayingayɨhuvantaqatɨinkoqaikwɨsako-'o
egg ki'mɨngam̩ge(yu)kwarakamngahi'imɨyamɨnyaqwimɨnapantaptaṃge'; munke'mnakwaatani-patɨ; nameraa-'o
blood taanggataagitawehinge'aakwelangaayahangeqasaahana; yaa'mpazamɨnjaakataagi'msaasansɨtɨ-patɨ
bone enga'yanggaiyagɨnyayangayakinayakɨnayaangayakanayankintayɨnggaiyekɨnaantɨ-tatɨ
skin yaraa(na)yara(na)kɨlaakahewapa'a(me)paa(ga)hviwa(aa'ma)paahakɨlaakayaranaaa'mosaampɨ-patɨ
breast aamungaaamɨgoaa(ng)wɨnyaaamgaaanyaaamɨnaaangwaaamnaaamɨntaaamugo'aamnaamwɨtɨ'-ɨrɨ
tree ika'iga'itaiyaisaigaiyaiyaikaigyaisai-patɨ
man ogaavo; waakokwalaqokakwe'wakwe; kwoyavaqokahwekwalaavokwalawo-'o
woman aavagiabaagibalaaapakaamaaa'me; apiapakaapeaampalaavaagiaapalaapop-aatɨ
sun sanggwaavgwonyɨlamapamapemapiyamapa (tɨqa)mapekwɨnja; nilyahabgo'mapyaipɨ-'o
moon ema'aamnggolangwaqaamngaki'yapakaamɨnaqaangwahaamnalampaakaimo'lamnyɨwaatɨ-'o
water yɨnungguinaagaaalyae'aakwe('ma)aayaeqaaayaaalya; wanya(i)naaguaalyɨwapo'-o
fire ta'ata(vɨ')dɨkatata'atɨgatatɨhantɨkataa(vɨ')tɨsasis-a'a
stone sa'angaandagasɨlahawategalaasahikazasasɨlahaaihekyɨnaw-a'a
name avaa'nankanantagayaya (yavya)yav'anyanyaawoyavyayavqayaveyavatataagɨ(va')yawyɨampɨ-patɨ
eat n̲eo'n̲amda'n̲ɨwa'qan̲'iinyominyoan̲kihaṉkahaan̲aantapyɨnɨmda'hisa n̲aatanananataise
one naawonafonu'pɨrɨ' (na)fati (na)hunanɨnkouwa'nahɨnkwonaingava'napɨrɨ'mɨnafonohɨnkwa'nanas-
two uwafaainapɨrɨwaai (na)hivaa'uhukwegohuvaa'uhɨnqwaaqwohuvaa'upɨvɨraalnafoyahulwaaqwɨya-

References

  1. ↑ Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Papua New Guinea languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
  2. 1 2
    • Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
  3. ↑ NewGuineaWorld
  4. ↑ The Oksapmin Kinship System Archived 2009-09-20 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved May 21, 2009.
  5. ↑ Lloyd, Richard G. 1973a The Angan language family. In: Franklin (ed.), 31–110.
  6. ↑ Lloyd, Richard G. 1973b The Angan language family: Neighbouring languages. In: Franklin (ed.), 93–94.
  7. ↑ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
  • Lloyd, R.G. "The Angan Language Family". In Franklin, K. editor, The linguistic situation in the Gulf District and adjacent areas, Papua New Guinea. C-26:31-110. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1973. doi:10.15144/PL-C26.31
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