East Strickland
Strickland River
Geographic
distribution		Strickland River region, Western Province and South Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea
Linguistic classificationPapuan Gulf ?
  • Strickland
    • East Strickland
Glottologeast2433
Map: The East Strickland languages of New Guinea
  The East Strickland languages
  Trans–New Guinea languages
  Other Papuan languages
  Austronesian languages
  Uninhabited

The East Strickland or Strickland River languages are a family of Papuan languages.

Languages

The East Strickland languages actually form a language continuum.[1] Shaw (1986) recognizes six languages, which are:[2][3]

Gobasi, Odoodee and Samo, but especially Gobasi, are also known as "Nomad".

Pronouns

Pronouns are:

sgdupl
1 *na, *ã*o-li, *a-la*oi
2 *nõ*nĩ-le*nĩ
3 *yõ*i-le*yã, *di

Vocabulary comparison

The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970),[4] Shaw (1973),[5] and Shaw (1986),[6] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[7]

glossFembeGobasi (Oibae dialect)Gobasi (Bibo dialect)Gobasi (Honibo dialect)GobasiKonaiKuboOdoodee (Hesif dialect)Odoodee (Kalamo dialect)Samo
head widua; wɔdiɔulugibukib; ulukibuligibulʌkibwudioodiu; wodio; wodiyouľugiwiligiukibi; ulagibi; ulʌgibi
hair wigiduae; wɔdiɔ tɔwɔorɔwɔotowa; tawautoʌ; utowao dɔsɔwudio towetɔwɛ; wodio toi; wodiyo toiuľu tuwuduotowa; tawa; ulʌgibi
ear duduludul; duːrduludulokʌhẽdu; duwëwduluduluduli; duːri
eye d̲iho; gihãhiɔhĩãwã; hio̧whiɔ; hiyohiɔ̃dihɔdiəhã; diho̧; dihōhɔwɔ̃hɔ̃wɔ̃hĩãwã; hĩɔwɔ; hi̧yowo
nose go; migiyaomimina; minimi̧ni; mĩniminamɔkwãmimɔdumudumini; mi̧ni; mĩnĩ
tooth maeow; meyɔmɔɛmo̧imoi; mɔimɔimẽmɔ̃yə̃; moyo; mɔyɔmeimɛ̃mɔ̃yə̃; moyo̧; mɔ̃yɔ̃
tongue e; iilɪil(i); iriiliiliii; iːiimȩnema̧ni; mẽnɛmãnĩ; meremai
leg abogo; ɔbɔgɔ̃hɔmhomohom; hɔmhɔmaɔbɔgɔ̃obogo; ɔbɔgɔhɔmɔhɔmɔ̃homo; hɔmɔ̃
louse ou; ɔ̃uɔmomomomɔ̃uo̧u̧; oūɔuõuo̧u̧; õu; õw
dog sɔ; sousɔfsof; sɔfsof; sɔfsɔfsɔso; sɔsɔsɔsɔfo; sofu; sɔfu
pig waibɔɛbɔibɔiwaiʔobɛbebɔyɔ
bird siu; siyɔsikɪsigosisigɔsiɔsiu; siyuɔsigɔsɔʔsigo; sigɔ
egg sioho; siyɔ hɔsi kɔlɔholohol; si hɔlwigɔ hɔlɔsiɔ hɔhoo; siu hosɔʔ hɔsɔʔ hɔholo; sigɔ hɔlɔ
blood iyou; ɔyɔsʌhso̧ho̧usahausõhokafiayosãwɔ̃kegãyeayo; ayu
bone dio; diɔkiːpkib; kiːb; kibikibkibdiɔdio; diu; diyokikikibi
skin golo; kɔ̃fɔ̃yakɔrɔᵽkiari; sibkolof; kɔlɔfkɔlɔfkɔlɔkolo; kɔlɔ; kɔrɔkulɔkɔlɔkolofu; kɔlɔfu; kɔrɔfu; sibi
breast butɔ̃ːtol; torbutɔnububutɔ̃tobu
tree habe; hebẽhɔmɔlɔhomuhomol; hɔmɔlhɔmɔ̃nhʌbehome; hɔmehɔmɔhɔmɔhɔmãnẽ; home
man o; orɔsosososɔoɔľuɔlɔgaoso; ouson
woman dobas̲ie; sʌbɔ sãiuliɔuliyauliʌ; uliyauliʌsʌsaisobo; sɔbɔsubɔsɔbɔsobo; sɔbɔ
sun aso; ʌsɔ̃ɔ̃sa̧s; ãso̧s; õːsõsʌsɔãsã; o̧so̧; ōsōɔsugɔosigɔ̃ãsã; oso̧; ɔ̃sɔ̃
moon ʌgwa; oguaoɔgɔaibɔgwʌ; ogwaogɔʌgwɔogwʌ; ogwaanɔ̃ligɔogwʌ; ogwa
water hoi; hwɔ̃ehɔuhãu; ho̧u̧hãũ; ho̧u̧hõhwẽihũi; hũĩ; hwi̧; hwīhɔ̃wɔ̃hɔ̃wɔ̃hõ; ho̧u̧; hũ
fire dou; dɔudɔludau; doludolu; dɔludɔbudoudou; dɔu; dowdɔudɔudolo; dɔlɔ; dɔrɔ
stone yaw; yɔuyɔyoyoyoyoyo; yɔyɔyoyo
road, path oriaiari
name hũ; husolohũhu̧ti; hũtihũnihũhũ; hu̧ti; hũtihũhũ; hu̧ti; hũti
eat nale; nɔlunɔwalna-nowal; nɔwalnɔwalaganɔluna; naiɔ; naiyonelaːbugɔnãyena; na̧la; nãla
one dano; sisãfehelɛdobhelehaiheletanotano; tanɔhɔmakɔnadihɔ̃helenu; helenũ
two balo; sisãmabenabehino̧wbẽnabugu; bȩnabugubihinɔ̃nbʌnɔubeaũ; beya̧u̧wɔluguhɔma kɔnabȩnau; bẽnãu

Evolution

Supposed East Strickland reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[1]

Samo language:

  • (da)subu ‘ashes’ < *sumbu
  • si- ‘burn’ < *nj(a,e,i)-
  • na- ‘eat’ < *na-
  • magara ‘mouth’ < *maŋgat[a]
  • korofu ‘skin’ < *(ŋg,k)a(n,t)apu
  • mere(ma) ‘tongue’ < *me(l,n)e
  • mini ‘nose’ < *mundu

Bibo language:

  • (da)suf ‘ashes’ < *sumbu

Agala language:

  • fulu(ma) ali ‘to fly’ < *pululu-

References

  1. 1 2 Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
  2. ↑ Shaw, Daniel. 1986. The Bosavi language family. In Papers in New Guinea Linguistics 24, 45-76. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. (Papers in New Guinea linguistics No. 24, 45-76).
  3. ↑ (NewGuineaWorld)
  4. ↑ McElhanon, K.A. and Voorhoeve, C.L. The Trans-New Guinea Phylum: Explorations in deep-level genetic relationships. B-16, vi + 112 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1970. doi:10.15144/PL-B16
  5. ↑ Shaw, R.D. "A Tentative Classification of the Languages of the Mt Bosavi Region". In Franklin, K. editor, The linguistic situation in the Gulf District and adjacent areas, Papua New Guinea. C-26:187-215. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1973. doi:10.15144/PL-C26.187
  6. ↑ Shaw, R.D. "The Bosavi language family". In Laycock, D., Seiler, W., Bruce, L., Chlenov, M., Shaw, R.D., Holzknecht, S., Scott, G., Nekitel, O., Wurm, S.A., Goldman, L. and Fingleton, J. editors, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 24. A-70:45-76. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1986. doi:10.15144/PL-A70.45
  7. ↑ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
  • Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
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