"Angel Attack"
Neon Genesis Evangelion episode
Shinji Ikari (center), Ritsuko Akagi (left) and Misato Katsuragi (right) with the Eva-01's head. The scene is influenced by Combattler V.
Episode no.Episode 1
Directed byKazuya Tsurumaki
Written byHideaki Anno
Story byGainax
Original air dateOctober 4, 1995 (1995-10-04)
Running time22 minutes

"Angel Attack"[lower-alpha 1] is the first episode of the anime series Neon Genesis Evangelion, created by Gainax. The episode was written by the series director Hideaki Anno and directed by Kazuya Tsurumaki. It was originally aired on TV Tokyo on October 4, 1995. The series is mostly set in the futuristic, fortified city Tokyo-3, fifteen years after a worldwide cataclysm named Second Impact. The protagonist is Shinji Ikari, a teenage boy whose father Gendo has recruited him to the organization Nerv to pilot a giant bio-machine mecha named Evangelion to combat beings called Angels. In the episode, Tokyo-3 is attacked by the Angel Sachiel, who fights the United Nations Army and the JSSDF. Gendo summons Shinji for the first time and Shinji reluctantly agrees to pilot the mecha.

Production for "Angel Attack" began in September 1994 and ended in April 1995. The episode, influenced by Japanese tokusatsu, references other mecha anime series and previous works by Gainax. It scored a 6.8% rating of audience share on Japanese TV and received critical and public acclaim focused on its visuals, direction and introduction of the characters.

Plot

Gendo Ikari, commander of a special agency named Nerv, summons his son Shinji to the city of Tokyo-3. Sachiel, the third of a series of mysterious enemies known as Angels, approaches a Japanese city underwater as a Japan Strategic Self-Defense Forces tank battalion awaits it on the shoreline. Shinji, who recently arrived in a nearby town, has remained above ground waiting for Misato Katsuragi, head of the military department of Nerv, who is due to pick him up. The Japan Strategic Self-Defense Forces air force begins to attack the Angel with missiles. Shinji is nearly killed in the ensuing battle but is rescued at the last moment by Misato, who arrives in her car.

The Japan Strategic Self-Defense Forces, admitting their ineffectiveness, transfer responsibility for the Angel's destruction to Gendo and Nerv. Elsewhere, Shinji and Misato in a car train descend deep underground into a Geofront. Shinji is taken to the hangar of a giant mecha named Evangelion, where he is shown Unit 01, the first test type of the Eva series, as Gendo appears above. Shinji learns he has been summoned to pilot Unit 01 into battle against the Angel. He confronts his father and protests his treatment, believing he has no chance of completing the task, but Gendo tells him to pilot the craft or leave. Shinji initially refuses, and Gendo sends for his other pilot Rei Ayanami, who is seriously injured. Confronted with the sight of Rei's injuries, Shinji agrees to pilot the Evangelion, which is then launched from the Geofront into the path of the Angel on a road on the surface.

Production

Gainax began planning the production of Neon Genesis Evangelion in July 1993.[1][2] On September 20, the first internal meeting about the new project was held at the studio, but production for the first two episodes began in September 1994,[3] a year later the first meeting, and lasted for months.[4][5] The production was slow, and, according to Evangelion's director Hideaki Anno, it took six months to complete the first episodes.[6] Kazuya Tsurumaki, assistant director of Neon Genesis Evangelion, served as director of "Angel Attack";[7][8] Anno and Masayuki, who drew storyboards for the episode,[9] assisted him,[10][11] while Shunji Suzuki worked as chief animator.[12][13] Yoshitoh Asari, Seiji Kio and Yuh Imakake worked as assistant character designers.[14][15]

Gainax decided the basic plot for "Angel Attack" in 1993, when it published a presentation document of Neon Genesis Evangelion titled New Century Evangelion (tentative name) Proposal (新世紀エヴァンゲリオン (仮) 企画書, Shinseiki Evangelion (kari) kikakusho).[16] In the first draft, "Angel Attack" had been named "People's reunion" (再会する人々, Saikai suru hitobito).[2] The episode would have begun with Shinji on a train, stopped by a battle between Rei Ayanami's Eva-00 and an Angel named Raziel; the Angel would have vanished into a lake, with the damaged Unit 00 returning to the Nerv base.[17] The beginning of a battle between Raziel and a berserk Unit 01 was also planned, but it was moved to the second episode.[18] Production of "Angel Attack" officially ended in April 1995; one month later, the second episode was also completed.[2] The dubbing sessions began on March 27, about six months before the series was planned to be broadcast.[19] The episodes were later screened in front of two-hundred people at the second Gainax festival on 22 and 23 July 1995 in Itako, Ibaraki, a few months before their official broadcast.[20] According to Gainax co-founder Yasuhiro Takeda, the work was still at an early stage, since "the opening sequence as well as other elements weren't quite ready yet, so the screening showed only the raw episodes".[21]

Miki Nagasawa, Megumi Hayashibara, Akiko Hiramatsu, Takehito Koyasu, and Takashi Nagasako played several announcements and unnamed characters in "Angel Attack", while Tomomichi Nishimura, Hidenari Ugaki and Hiroshi Naka voiced the three soldiers who speaks with Gendo in the first scenes.[10][22] British singer Claire Littley also sang a cover of "Fly Me to the Moon" which was later used as the episode's closing theme song.[23][24]

Cultural references and themes

I wonder if a person over the age of twenty who likes robot anime and bishōjo anime is really happy. If this person doesn't know that greater happiness exists even until he died, he is probably happy. Regrettably, I have my doubts about his happiness. As I was making this work I wanted to try to consider what in the world could the 'happiness' of such a person be?

— Hideaki Anno during the production of the first two episodes[25]

Gualtiero Cannarsi, who curated the first Italian adaptation of the series, noted that "Angel Attack" story starts in medias res, a narrative technique used in the following episodes of the anime by which, by means of flashbacks or the speeches and thoughts of the characters, what happened before the beginning of the narrative is reconstructed.[26] He also noted that in one scene of the episode Shinji pronounces the phrase "I mustn't run away", which will become one of the most typical of the character.[27][28] Hiroki Azuma, a Japanese philosopher and cultural critic, speaking of his motto "I mustn't run away", described Evangelion as a story that depicts "anxiety without a cause", linking this feeling to the social repercussions in Japan after the Aum Shinrikyō Tokyo subway sarin attack.[29] The sentence is inspired by the personal experience of Hideaki Anno, who faced a hard time in the four years before the series' release and then returned to anime with the same idea.[30] For Yasuhiro Takeda, a member of the Gainax studio, "what we saw in Evangelion was maybe just a reflection of those feelings".[31] For the phrase "I mustn't run away", according to Takeda, the director took inspiration from an old failed Gainax project, Blue Uru.[31] "Angel Attack" also presents the themes of father-son relationships[32] and interpersonal communication.[33]

Yūichirō Oguro, editor of extra materials from the home video editions of the series, noted how in "Angel Attack" Misato tells Shinji to act like a man, a theme also presented later in the series.[34] According to an official booklet on the anime, it is unclear if the series supports the patriarchal model or discusses its value instead.[33][35] The episode also presents references to earlier anime works, including Lupin III,[36][37] Combattler V[38] and GunBuster.[39] Akio Jissoji's directorial style informed the installment,[40] along with shots influenced by the tokusatsu genre.[41] Humorous graphic symbols that are typical of shojo anime were used, drawing inspiration from the works of Kunihiko Ikuhara.[42][43] "Angel Attack" also depicts existing military vehicles,[44] including Japanese Type 74 tanks,[45] Yak-38-inspired VTOLs,[46][47] nacelle-less gyroplanes[48] and M270 MLRS missile launchers.[49][50]

Reception

First episodes can make or break a series. Few anime premieres do a better job of setting up the players and crisis than Evangelion''s opening episode. ... Evangelion is a rush of drama and excitement right from the start with the end of the world scenario and the "special" child who must save the world, making for an especially lovely touch.

–Max Covill (Film School Rejects)[51]

The episode received critical and public acclaim.[52][33] Gainax premiered "Angel Attack", along with the second episode, in a preview at the second Gainax festival on July 22 and 23, 1995, receiving a positive reception.[21] The episode was first broadcast on October 4, 1995, and scored a 6.8% rating of audience share on Japanese television.[53][54] After the series' first run, it ranked seventeenth among the best anime episodes of the moment in an Animage magazine Grand Prix poll.[55] The scene in which Shinji meets Rei Ayanami for the first time also ranked sixteenth in a survey by TV Asahi about the best anime scenes.[56] Official merchandise based on the episode has been released,[57][58] including lighters,[59] T-shirts and reproductions of the battle against Sachiel.[60][61]

Critics, including animator Yūichirō Oguro writing for Newtype magazine[62] and Anime News Network's Nick Creamer,[63] appreciated the episode's direction and editing.[64][65] Academic Susan J. Napier described the depiction of Shinji's and Misato's "inner world" in "Angel Attack" as an example of the series' unconventionality.[66] Italian writer and critic Andrea Fontana wrote; "From the first episode, every detail [in Neon Genesis Evangelion] overflows with many meanings".[67] Comic Book Resources criticized the depiction of the futuristic scenario, but defended Shinji and his reluctance to face the task of protecting humanity in "Angel Attack" from some criticisms made by animation enthusiasts.[68][69] Kristy Anderson, writing for Supanova Expo website, picked his decision to ride Eva-01 as one of the character's best moments.[70] Joshua Sorensen of Filmdaze.net also defended Shinji, describing the "I must not run away" scene as "the crux of everything that makes the show the singularity that it is".[71] Film School Rejects' Max Covill similarly placed "Angel Attack" third among the best Neon Genesis Evangelion episodes, praising it for its visuals and introduction of mysteries of the series;[51] he also lauded one shot of Shinji reading a book with the hand of an Evangelion in the background, listing it among the "perfect shots" of the series.[72]

The Animé Café's Japanese reviewer Akio Nagatomi described the animation as "average" for a TV serial and praised "some interesting creature and mecha design", but also criticized the premise of the story of a young boy who fights alien beings as excessively derivative.[73] The December 1995 issue of Newtype magazine lauded the series realism and dense amount of information.[74] SyFy Wire's Daniel Dockery described Sachiel's debut as "terrifying", but considered it reminiscent of "a bunch of giant monster tropes".[75] Newtype wrote, "the many elaborate camera angles may tickle fans hearts" and "the unusual titles and the eye-catching screens are also well placed".[76] Multiversity Comics' Matthew Garcia similarly praised the confidence in the film-making and the animation of "Angel Attack" and "The Beast", eulogizing the "assurance and tenacity" of Anno and Gainax.[77] Ex magazine's Charles McCarter lauded the animation as "nice and clean", the soundtrack and the pace of the first two episodes.[78] According to the Newtype's official Evangelion film books, the scene in which Gendo takes command on the battle against Sachiel also received a positive reception for its "expressiveness", being "considered one of the best-executed of this episode".[79]

Kinoko Nasu, writer of Mahōtsukai no Yoru and Fate/stay night, began his career as a writer after seeing "Angel Attack", an episode that according to him "can't have been ignored by neither I nor my contemporaries".[80]

References

  1. ↑ Japanese: 使徒、襲来, Hepburn: Shito, Shūrai
  1. ↑ Takeda, Yasuhiro (2002). The Notenki memoirs: studio Gainax and the men who created Evangelion. ADV Manga. p. 16. ISBN 1-4139-0234-0.
  2. 1 2 3 Neon Genesis Evangelion Theatralical VHS Box Booklet (in Japanese). King Amusement Creative. 1997.
  3. ↑ Porori 2010, pp. 126–127.
  4. ↑ "エヴァ制作開始インタビュー". Newtype Magazine. Kadokawa Shoten: 4. April 1995. Archived from the original on December 15, 2000. Retrieved July 23, 2020. We visited Gainax towards the end of January. By then, they were busy refining the first few episodes of the new TV series
  5. ↑ "The Takeshi Honda interview - Page 2". UK Anime Network. Archived from the original on 14 June 2017. Those first two episodes took six months to produce, which is really unusual for a TV anime series
  6. ↑ 新世紀エヴァンゲリオン残酷な天使のように (in Japanese). Magazine Magazine. 1997. p. 31. ISBN 4-906011-25-X.
  7. ↑ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 41. Sony Magazines. p. 1.
  8. ↑ Dani Cavallaro (2007). Anime Intersections. Tradition and Innovation in Theme and Technique. Jefferson. McFarland. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-7864-3234-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. ↑ The Essential Evangelion Chronicle: Side A. Glénat Editions. 2009. p. 44. ISBN 978-2-7234-7120-6.
  10. 1 2 "Staff". Neon Genesis Evangelion Blue Ray Ultimate Edition Encyclopedia. 2021.
  11. ↑ Gainax (1998). Neon Genesis Evangelion Newtype 100% Collection (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. p. 178. ISBN 4-04-852700-2.
  12. ↑ Groundwork of Evangelion (PDF) (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Gainax. 2000. p. 217. ISBN 4903713008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 October 2023.
  13. ↑ Oguro, Yūichirō. "第35回 エヴァ雑記「第弐話 見知らぬ、天井」" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  14. ↑ Gainax, ed. (2003). Data of Evangelion (in Japanese). Gainax. p. 20.
  15. ↑ "Explanation". Neon Genesis Evangelion Genesis 0:1 Laserdisc Encyclopedia (in Japanese). Starchild Stereo. 1995.
  16. ↑ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Sony Magazines. p. 26.
  17. ↑ Gainax (1998). Neon Genesis Evangelion Newtype 100% Collection (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. p. 87. ISBN 4-04-852700-2.
  18. ↑ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 17. Sony Magazines. pp. 27–28.
  19. ↑ Oguro, Yūichirō. "第34回 エヴァ雑記「第壱話 使徒、襲来」" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on December 25, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  20. ↑ Newtype Complete 新世紀エヴァンゲリオン (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. 2005. p. 11.
  21. 1 2 Takeda, Yasuhiro (2002). The Notenki memoirs: studio Gainax and the men who created Evangelion. ADV Manga. p. 162. ISBN 1-4139-0234-0.
  22. ↑ Gainax, ed. (2003). Data of Evangelion (in Japanese). Gainax. p. 62.
  23. ↑ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 26. Sony Magazines. p. 26.
  24. ↑ Eva Tomo no Kai (in Japanese). Vol. 6. Gainax. 1996.
  25. ↑ Newtype Complete 新世紀エヴァンゲリオン (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. 2005. p. 7.
  26. ↑ Gualtiero Cannarsi. Evangelion Encyclopedia (in Italian). Vol. 1. Dynamic Italia. p. 14.
  27. ↑ Gualtiero Cannarsi. Evangelion Encyclopedia (in Italian). Vol. 1. Dynamic Italia. p. 23.
  28. ↑ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 41. Sony Magazines. p. 16.
  29. ↑ Azuma, Hiroki. "Animé or Something Like it: Neon Genesis Evangelion". NTT InterCommunication Center. Archived from the original on August 8, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  30. ↑ Sadamoto, Yoshiyuki (December 1998) [1995]. "What were we trying to make here?". Neon Genesis Evangelion, Vol. 1. Essay by Hideaki Anno; translated by Mari Morimoto, English adaptation by Fred Burke. San Francisco: VIZ Media LLC. pp. 170–171. ISBN 1-56931-294-X.
  31. 1 2 Takeda, Yasuhiro (2002). The Notenki memoirs: studio Gainax and the men who created Evangelion. ADV Manga. p. 164-165. ISBN 1-4139-0234-0.
  32. ↑ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 34.
  33. 1 2 3 Platinum Booklet. Vol. 1. ADV. 2004.
  34. ↑ Oguro, Yūichirō. "第41回 エヴァ雑記「第八話 アスカ、来日」" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 10, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  35. ↑ Poggio, Alessandra (2008). Neon Genesis Evangelion Encyclopedia (in Italian). Dynit. p. 9.
  36. ↑ "Japan Expo 2015: l'edizione del ventennale di Evangelion". Fumettologica.it (in Italian). July 14, 2015. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  37. ↑ Yoshiyuki Sadamoto (2003). Renewal Bonus Extras (video) (in Japanese). Gainax.
  38. ↑ Izubuchi, Yutaka; Anno, Hideaki (31 March 2004). "Combattler and Gowapper". RahXephon Complete (in Japanese). メディアファクトリー. ISBN 4-8401-1019-0. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  39. ↑ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 22.
  40. ↑ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 20.
  41. ↑ "Episode:1 Angel Attack". Neon Genesis Evangelion Blue Ray Ultimate Edition Encyclopedia. 2021.
  42. ↑ Gualtiero Cannarsi. Evangelion Encyclopedia (in Italian). Vol. 1. Dynamic Italia. p. 21.
  43. ↑ Eva Tomo no Kai (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Gainax. 1996.
  44. ↑ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 41. Sony Magazines. p. 5.
  45. ↑ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 3. Sony Magazines. p. 10.
  46. ↑ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 2. Sony Magazines. pp. 9–10.
  47. ↑ Evangelion Chronicle (in Japanese). Vol. 41. Sony Magazines. p. 3.
  48. ↑ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 25.
  49. ↑ The Essential Evangelion Chronicle: Side A. Glénat Editions. 2009. p. 47. ISBN 978-2-7234-7120-6.
  50. ↑ Seiji, Kio; Yamashita, Ikuto (1998). Sore Wo Nasumono: Neon Genesis Evangelion Concept Design Works (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. p. 164. ISBN 4-04-852908-0.
  51. 1 2 Covill, Max (June 17, 2019). "Every Episode of 'Neon Genesis Evangelion' Ranked". Filmschoolrejects.com. Film School Rejects. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  52. ↑ Poggio, Alessandra (2008). Neon Genesis Evangelion Encyclopedia (in Italian). Dynit. p. 8.
  53. ↑ "Anime Land". Newtype (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. December 1995. p. 74.
  54. ↑ "新世紀エヴァンゲリオン"騒動"小史（増補改訂版）" (in Japanese). Nikkei Business Publications. Archived from the original on February 12, 2001. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  55. ↑ "第18回アニメグランプリ［1996年5月号］". Tokuma Shoten. Archived from the original on October 19, 2010.
  56. ↑ "アニメ最強名場面ベスト１００～幻の第１話＆感動の最終回SP～" (in Japanese). TV Asahi. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  57. ↑ Porori 2010, p. 125.
  58. ↑ "ペーパーナノ エヴァンゲリオン/使徒、襲来" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  59. ↑ "新世紀エヴァンゲリオン EPISODE TITLE ZIPPO 第壱話「使徒、襲来」" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  60. ↑ "【新商品：『新世紀エヴァンゲリオン』のサブタイトルビッグTシャツの登場です！】(2020.05.18更新)" (in Japanese). Evangelion Store. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  61. ↑ "新世紀エヴァンゲリオン サブタイトルビッグTシャツ/ 「第壱話 使徒、襲来」/2XL" (in Japanese). Evangelion Store. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  62. ↑ Newtype Complete 新世紀エヴァンゲリオン (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. 2005. p. 21.
  63. ↑ Creamer, Nick (July 10, 2019). "Review: Neon Genesis Evangelion". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on September 9, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  64. ↑ Newtype Complete 新世紀エヴァンゲリオン (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. 2005. p. 15.
  65. ↑ Walker, Alex (June 19, 2019). "The Best Neon Genesis: Evangelion Episodes". Kotaku.com. Kotaku. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  66. ↑ Napier, Susan J. (November 2002). "When the Machines Stop: Fantasy, Reality, and Terminal Identity in Neon Genesis Evangelion and Serial Experiments Lain". Science Fiction Studies. 29 (88): 428. ISSN 0091-7729. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2007.
  67. ↑ Andrea Fontana. "Neon Genesis Evangelion: l'apoteosi dell'anime" (in Italian). Archived from the original on February 29, 2008. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  68. ↑ Kogod, Theo (December 14, 2019). "10 Things That Didn't Age Well In Neon Genesis Evangelion". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  69. ↑ Luquin, Eduardo (18 November 2019). "Evangelion: 5 Times We Sympathized With Shinji (& 5 When We Didn't)". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  70. ↑ Anderson, Kristy (June 4, 2020). "The Best Moments Of Shinji Ikari In 'Neon Genesis Evangelion'". Supanova.com.au. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  71. ↑ Joshua Sorensen (June 16, 2019). "In Defence of 'Neon Genesis Evangelion's Shinji Ikari". Filmdaze.net. FilmDaze. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  72. ↑ Covill, Max (June 19, 2019). "The Perfect Shots of 'Neon Genesis Evangelion'". Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  73. ↑ "Shinseiki Evangelion Review Pages - Episode 1: Shito Shyurai". Abcb.com. The Animé Café. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  74. ↑ "Lady's Generation". Newtype (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. December 1995. pp. 6–7.
  75. ↑ Dockery, Daniel (June 23, 2019). "The 10 most awesome (non-depressing) moments In Neon Genesis Evangelion". Syfy.com. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  76. ↑ "25 days count down". Newtype (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. October 1995. p. 7. ちよっと異色のサブタイトルやアイキャッチの画面も、ポイント高し。
  77. ↑ Matthew Garcia (13 June 2021). "Five Thoughts on Neon Genesis Evangelion's "Angel Attack" and "Unfamiliar Ceilings"". Multiversity Comics. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  78. ↑ Charles McCarter. "Genesis 0:1". Ex.org. Ex magazine. Archived from the original on 24 October 2007.
  79. ↑ Neon Genesis Evangelion Film Book (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Kadokawa Shoten. p. 27.
  80. ↑ "The Secret of Mahoutsukai no Yoru's Birth". Archived from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
  • Porori, Syunsou (2010). The Essential Evangelion Chronicle: Side B (in French). Glénat Editions. ISBN 978-2-7234-7121-3.
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