In the Western world or in non-Asian countries, terms such as "racism against Asians" or "anti-Asian racism" are typically used in reference to racist policies, discrimination against, and mistreatment of Asian people and Asian immigrants by institutions and/or non-Asian people.[1][2]

Overview

The concept of 'racism against Asians' is most common in communities or countries where the ethnic or racial majority is non-Asian, or it is most common in communities or countries where the national character is Western. The concept is most frequently employed in reference to Anti-Asian phenomena which exist in countries which are located outside the Asian continent, such as countries which are located in Africa, Europe, North America and South America.

Countries

Australia

Canada

Uganda

United States

Against East and Southeast Asians

France

Racist incidences or perceptions

Racist incidences or perceptions, especially towards East or Southeast Asians, may include:

On the other hand, discrimination against South Asians and/or Middle Easterners includes:

  • Being seen as terrorists[28][29][30]
  • Othered into being seen as "brown", a categorization which was extended to Southeast Asians.[31]

There has been an increase in the amount of psychological or mental distress which has been caused by the aforementioned factors.[32][33][34] Myopic depictions of Asian cultures continues to be a problem.[35]

Additionally, racism in Asia (racist attitudes which Asians have towards each other as well as racist attitudes which Asians have towards non-Asians) is also impacted by differences in nationality as well as regional differences.

See also

References

  1. Zheng, Lily (27 May 2021). "To Dismantle Anti-Asian Racism, We Must Understand Its Roots". Harvard Business Review. Archived from the original on 1 June 2021.
  2. Lee, Jennifer (18 May 2022). "Confronting the invisibility of anti-Asian racism". Brookings. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  3. Ramirez, Rachel (2021-03-19). "The history of fetishizing Asian women". Vox. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  4. Tu, Jessie (2018-11-27). "Because I am small and Asian, I am fetishised by some white men". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  5. Qian, Yue (2020-02-09). "Asian guys stereotyped and excluded in online dating". The Conversation. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  6. "Here's how pop culture has perpetuated harmful stereotypes of Asian women". TODAY.com. 2021-04-01. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  7. Fang, Janet. "The Deadly Consequences of Hypersexualizing Asian Women". Scientific American. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  8. "Single Asian Men and Harmful Stereotypes in the Dating World | Psychology Today". www.psychologytoday.com. Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  9. "When Asians say they're not into Asian men". The Johns Hopkins News-Letter. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  10. Salesses, Matthew (23 October 2020). "'Good-looking for an Asian': how I shed white ideals of masculinity". The Guardian.
  11. Demel, Walter (2013). "How the 'Mongoloid Race' Came into Being: Late Eighteenth-Century Constructions of East Asians in Europe". Race and Racism in Modern East Asia. pp. 59–85. doi:10.1163/9789004237414_004. ISBN 978-90-04-23741-4.
  12. "Colonialism in Southeast Asia: Resistance, Negotiation and Legacies – University of Hawaii Manoa Library Website". Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  13. "Opinion: White worship in Hong Kong: you can't end it if you refuse to acknowledge it even exists". South China Morning Post. 2015-10-29. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  14. "Unconscious bias and the bamboo ceiling". humanrights.gov.au. 2014-06-10. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  15. Paner, Isabel (May 2018). The Marginalization and Stereotyping of Asians in American Film (Thesis). doi:10.33015/dominican.edu/2018.HONORS.ST.08.
  16. Abrams, Zara (December 2019). "Countering stereotypes about asian americans". Monitor on Psychology. American Psychological Association. 50 (11).
  17. Tinkler, Justine; Zhao, Jun; Li, Yan; Ridgeway, Cecilia L. (January 2019). "Honorary Whites? Asian American Women and the Dominance Penalty". Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World. 5: 237802311983600. doi:10.1177/2378023119836000. S2CID 150928622.
  18. Dhingra, Pawan (October 2021). ""Over-zealous Parents, Over-programmed Families": Asian Americans, Academic Achievement, and White Supremacy". Sociology of Race and Ethnicity. 7 (4): 458–471. doi:10.1177/23326492211018483. ISSN 2332-6492. S2CID 236221102.
  19. Panzer, Sarah (2023-07-10). "Honorary Aryans? Japanese German Mischlinge and the Negotiation of Identity in Nazi Germany". Contemporary European History: 1–15. doi:10.1017/S0960777323000334. ISSN 0960-7773. S2CID 259658679.
  20. https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2017/04/19/524571669/model-minority-myth-again-used-as-a-racial-wedge-between-asians-and-blacks
  21. "Analysis | Asians are stereotyped as 'competent but cold.' Here's how that increases backlash from the coronavirus pandemic". Washington Post. 2020-05-18. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  22. Kim, Su Yeong; Wang, Yijie; Deng, Shiying; Alvarez, Rocio; Li, Jing (2011). "Accent, Perpetual Foreigner Stereotype, and Perceived Discrimination as Indirect Links between English Proficiency and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese American Adolescents". Developmental Psychology. 47 (1): 289–301. doi:10.1037/a0020712. PMC 3052861. PMID 21244164.
  23. "Covid-19 Fueling Anti-Asian Racism and Xenophobia Worldwide | Human Rights Watch". 2020-05-12. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  24. "America's long history of scapegoating its Asian citizens". History. 2020-09-02. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  25. "When Did East Asians Become Yellow? | Center for East Asian & Pacific Studies at Illinois". ceaps.illinois.edu. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  26. "How did Asians go from being called "white" to "yellow"". english.hani.co.kr. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  27. "AAPI Communities are Not a Monolith - APCO Worldwide". apcoworldwide.com. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  28. Samari, Goleen (November 2016). "Islamophobia and Public Health in the United States". American Journal of Public Health. 106 (11): 1920–1925. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303374. PMC 5055770. PMID 27631738.
  29. Welch, Kelly (April 2016). "Middle Eastern Terrorist Stereotypes and Anti-Terror Policy Support: The Effect of Perceived Minority Threat". Race and Justice. 6 (2): 117–145. doi:10.1177/2153368715590478. S2CID 31176854.
  30. "Racial Profiling | Costs of War". The Costs of War. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  31. "The Brown Asian American Movement: Advocating for South Asian, Southeast Asian, and Filipino American Communities – Asian American Policy Review". 2020-02-02. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  32. "The Facts About Asian American Mental Health and Suicide Rates". Newport Institute. 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  33. Keum, Brian TaeHyuk; Ahn, Lydia HaRim; Choi, Andrew Young; Choudhry, Adil; Nguyen, Mary; Meizys, Gintare M.; Chu, Annalisa; Hearns, Maynard (July 2023). "Asian American Men's Gendered Racial Socialization and Fragmented Masculinity: Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis". The Counseling Psychologist. 51 (5): 684–718. doi:10.1177/00110000231170310. S2CID 258622070.
  34. Karasz, Alison; Gany, Francesca; Escobar, Javier; Flores, Cristina; Prasad, Lakshmi; Inman, Arpana; Kalasapudi, Vasundhara; Kosi, Razia; Murthy, Meena; Leng, Jennifer; Diwan, Sadhna (August 2019). "Mental Health and Stress among South Asians". Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. 21 (Suppl 1): 7–14. doi:10.1007/s10903-016-0501-4. PMC 5643212. PMID 27848078.
  35. Adlakha, Siddhant (2023-09-28). "'The Creator' Brings Out the Worst Tendencies of Asian-Inspired Sci-Fi". JoySauce. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
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