Arapahoan
Geographic
distribution		United States
Linguistic classificationAlgic
Subdivisions
Glottologarap1273

The Arapahoan languages are a subgroup of the Plains group of Algonquian languages: Nawathinehena, Arapaho, and Gros Ventre.

Nawathinehena is extinct and Arapaho and Gros Ventre are both endangered.[1][2]

Besawunena, attested only from a word list collected by Kroeber, differs only slightly from Arapaho, but a few of its sound changes resemble those seen in Gros Ventre. It had speakers among the Northern Arapaho as recently as the late 1920s.

Nawathinehena is also attested only from a word list collected by Kroeber, and was the most divergent language of the group. [3]

Another reported Arapahoan variety is the extinct Ha'anahawunena, but there is no documentation of it.

Classification

The Glottolog database classifies the Arapahoan languages as follows:[4]

Notes

  1. ↑ Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International
  2. ↑ Goddard 2001:74-76, 79
  3. ↑ "Nawathinehena (Nawathi'nehena)". www.native-languages.org.
  4. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-06-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Arapahoic". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-08-24. Retrieved 2023-09-06.
  5. ↑ Although Glottolog's name for this branch mentions Besawunena, it is not listed within either of the two langoids or in its own langoid.

References

  • Goddard, Ives (2001). "The Algonquian Languages of the Plains." In Plains, Part I, ed. Raymond J. DeMallie. Vol. 13 of Handbook of North American Indians, ed. William C. Sturtevant. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 71–79.
  • Marianne Mithun (1999). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.



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