Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria
Photograph by Ludwig Angerer, about 1861
Born(1833-07-30)30 July 1833
Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austrian Empire
Died19 May 1896(1896-05-19) (aged 62)
Vienna, Austria-Hungary
Burial
Imperial Crypt, Vienna
Spouse
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(m. 1856; died 1858)​
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1862; died 1871)​
      ​
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      (m. 1873)​
      Issue
      Names
      German: Karl Ludwig Josef Maria
      English: Charles Louis Joseph Maria
      HouseHabsburg-Lorraine
      FatherArchduke Franz Karl of Austria
      MotherPrincess Sophie of Bavaria

      Archduke Karl Ludwig Josef Maria of Austria (30 July 1833 – 19 May 1896) was the younger brother of both Franz Joseph I of Austria and Maximilian I of Mexico, and the father of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (1863–1914), whose assassination ignited World War I.[1] His grandson was the last emperor of Austria, Charles I.

      Biography

      An 1848 portrait of Karl Ludwig by Anton Einsle.

      He was born at Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, the son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria (1802–1878) and his wife Princess Sophie of Bavaria (1805–1872).

      His mother ensured he was raised a devout Roman Catholic by the Vienna Prince-archbishop Joseph Othmar Rauscher, a conviction that evolved into religious mania in his later years.

      Though not interested in politics, the 20-year-old joined the Galician government of Count Agenor Romuald Gołuchowski and in 1855 accepted his appointment as Tyrolean stadtholder in Innsbruck, where he took his residence at Ambras Castle. However, he found his authority to exert power restricted by the Austrian cabinet of his cousin Archduke Rainer Ferdinand and Baron Alexander von Bach. He finally laid down the office upon the issue of the 1861 February Patent for a life as patron of the arts and sciences.

      As the eldest surviving brother of the Emperor, Karl Ludwig, after the death of his nephew Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria in 1889, became heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. A newspaper article appeared shortly after the death of his nephew claiming that the Archduke had renounced his succession rights in favor of his eldest son Franz Ferdinand.[2] This rumor proved to be false.[3]

      Marriage and family

      Monarchical styles of
      Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria
      Reference styleHis Imperial and Royal Highness
      Spoken styleYour Imperial and Royal Highness
      Princess Margaretha of Saxony
      Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Archduchess of Austria
      Karl Ludwig and his third wife, Maria Teresa of Portugal

      Karl Ludwig married three times.

      His first wife, whom he married on 4 November 1856 at Dresden, was his first cousin Margaretha of Saxony (1840–1858), the daughter of Johann of Saxony (1801–1873) and Amalie Auguste of Bavaria (1801–1877). She died on 15 September 1858 and they had no children.

      His second wife, whom he married by proxy on 16 October 1862 at Rome, and in person on 21 October 1862 at Venice, was Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1843–1871), daughter of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies (1810–1859) and Maria Theresa of Austria (1816–1867).

      They had four children:

      Maria Annunciata died on 4 May 1871.

      His third wife, whom he married on 23 July 1873 at Kleinheubach, was Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal (1855–1944), daughter of Miguel I of Portugal (1802–1866) and Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (1831–1909).

      They had two daughters:

      Death

      Karl Ludwig died of typhoid at Schönbrunn in Vienna after returning from a journey to Palestine and Egypt, allegedly after the consumption of contaminated Jordan waters.

      His widow Maria Teresa died on 12 February 1944.

      Honours and awards

      Austrian orders and decorations[4]
      Foreign orders and decorations[4]

      Ancestry

      See also

      References

      1. ↑ "Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Vol. 29. Detroit: Gale, 2009. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 18 May 2012.
      2. ↑ "The Crown Prince's Successor". The New York Times. 1889-02-02.
      3. ↑ "Austria's Insecurity" (PDF). The New York Times. 1896-06-16.
      4. 1 2 Hof- und Staats-Handbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie (1896), Genealogy p. 2
      5. ↑ Boettger, T. F. "Chevaliers de la Toisón d'Or - Knights of the Golden Fleece". La Confrérie Amicale. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
      6. ↑ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
      7. ↑ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1876), "Großherzogliche Orden", p. 59
      8. ↑ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern (1873), "Königliche-Orden" p. 9
      9. ↑ H. Tarlier (1854). Almanach royal officiel, publié, exécution d'un arrête du roi (in French). Vol. 1. p. 37.
      10. ↑ Jørgen Pedersen (2009). Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 (in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 472. ISBN 978-87-7674-434-2.
      11. ↑ Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtums Sachsen-Altenburg (1869), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 21
      12. ↑ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen (1883), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen", p. 12
      13. ↑ Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1884). Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia. Unione tipografico-editrice. p. 47.
      14. 1 2 "Königlich Preussische Ordensliste", Preussische Ordens-Liste (in German), Berlin, 1: 5, 935, 1886 – via hathitrust.org
      15. ↑ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1891), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16
      16. ↑ "Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III", Guóa Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1895, p. 167, retrieved 4 July 2021
      17. ↑ Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1877, p. 368, retrieved 2018-01-06 – via runeberg.org
      18. ↑ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1894), "Königliche Orden" p. 27
      19. 1 2 Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Franz I." . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 208 – via Wikisource.
      20. 1 2 Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Franz Karl Joseph" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 257 – via Wikisource.
      21. 1 2 Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Maria Theresia von Neapel" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 81 – via Wikisource.
      22. 1 2 Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 94.
      23. 1 2 Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Sophie (geb. 27. Jänner 1805)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 149 – via Wikisource.
      24. 1 2 "Karoline Friederike Wilhelmine Königin von Bayern". Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte [House of Bavarian History] (in German). Bavarian Ministry of State for Wissenschaft and Kunst. Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
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