Arturo Armando Molina

Arturo Armando Molina
Arturo Armando Molina
36th President of El Salvador
	In office; 1 July 1972 – 1 July 1977
Vice President	Enrique Mayorga Rivas
Preceded by	Fidel Sánchez Hernández
Succeeded by	Carlos Humberto Romero
Personal details
Born	6 August 1927; San Salvador, El Salvador
Died	18 July 2021 (aged 93); California, United States
Political party	National Conciliation Party
Spouse	María Elena Contreras de Molina
Alma mater	Captain General Gerardo Barrios Military School
Profession	Military officer; Politician
Military service
Allegiance	El Salvador
Branch/service	Salvadoran Army
Rank	Colonel

Colonel Arturo Armando Molina Barraza (6 August 1927 – 18 July 2021)^[1] was a Salvadoran politician and military officer, who served as President of El Salvador from 1972 to 1977.

He was born in San Salvador.^[2] He served between 1 July 1972 and 1 July 1977.^[3] The 1973 oil crisis led to rising food prices and decreased agricultural output. This worsened the existent socioeconomic inequality in the country, leading to increased unrest. In response, Molina enacted a series of land reform measures, calling for large landholdings to be redistributed among the peasant population.^[4]

Molina was distrusted by the oligarchy and the right-wing military, and was resented by the opposition from whom he had stolen power. His attempts to silence opposition included the military occupation of the University of El Salvador in 1972, as well as violently suppressing student protests that erupted after public funds were used to hold the Miss Universe contest in San Salvador. He also oversaw assassinations of priests in the country. His regime saw extreme polarization and violence in the country. His tenure ended in 1977, and then he left the country. Molina returned to El Salvador in 1992.^[5]

He died on 18 July 2021 in California, at the age of 93.^[6]^[7]

References

↑ Studies, Arizona State University Center for Latin American (4 August 1975). "Latin American Government Leaders". Center for Latin American Studies, Arizona State University – via Google Books.
↑ "Una veintena hizo carrera como funcionario". Archived from the original on 25 February 2012.
↑ "Cnel. Arturo Armando Molina — Asamblea Legislativa". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
↑ Walter, Williams (1997). Militarization and Demilitarization in El Salvador’s Transition to Democracy. p. 90.
↑ "Molina, Arturo Armando (1927–) | Encyclopedia.com".
↑ Alvarado, Irvin (19 July 2023). "Fallece expresidente salvadoreño Arturo Armando Molina, a los 93 años" [Ex-President of El Salvador Arturo Armando Molina Dies At The Age of 93]. La Prensa Gráfica (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 September 2023.
↑ Villaroel, Gabriela; Romero, Óscar (19 July 2021). "Muere Arturo Armando Molina, expresidente de El Salvador" [Arturo Armando Molina, Ex-President of El Salvador, Dies]. El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 September 2023.

External links

Cnel. Arturo Armando Molina. Presidente 1972–1977 (2004) (University of Central America)

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[1] Studies, Arizona State University Center for Latin American (4 August 1975). "Latin American Government Leaders". Center for Latin American Studies, Arizona State University – via Google Books.

[2] "Una veintena hizo carrera como funcionario". Archived from the original on 25 February 2012.

[3] "Cnel. Arturo Armando Molina — Asamblea Legislativa". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2017.

[Williams-4] Walter, Williams (1997). Militarization and Demilitarization in El Salvador’s Transition to Democracy. p. 90.

[5] "Molina, Arturo Armando (1927–) | Encyclopedia.com".

[6] Alvarado, Irvin (19 July 2023). "Fallece expresidente salvadoreño Arturo Armando Molina, a los 93 años" [Ex-President of El Salvador Arturo Armando Molina Dies At The Age of 93]. La Prensa Gráfica (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 September 2023.

[7] Villaroel, Gabriela; Romero, Óscar (19 July 2021). "Muere Arturo Armando Molina, expresidente de El Salvador" [Arturo Armando Molina, Ex-President of El Salvador, Dies]. El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 September 2023.

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Heads of state of El Salvador
Post-independence (1821–1823)	Barriere Delgado Filísola Codallos Consultive Junta^‡ Prado^†
Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1841)	J. Rodríguez Prado J. V. Villacorta Prado Cornejo J. D. Villacorta Cornejo Morazán^† J. San Martín Prado J. San Martín C. Salazar^† G. Salazar^† Escolán^† Silva Espinoza F. Gómez Vigil T. Menéndez Vigil T. Menéndez Cañas^† Morazán Silva^† Cañas^† Ramírez^† Lindo^†
Republic of El Salvador (1841–1931)	Lindo^† Arce^† Marín^† J. J. Guzmán D. Villacorta^† Marín^† J. J. Guzmán C. Molina^† Arce^† C. Molina^† Arce^† Palacios^† Malespín Palacios^† J. E. Guzmán Palacios^† Aguilar Palacios^† Aguilar Medina^† Quirós^† Vasconcelos R. Rodríguez^† Vasconcelos Dueñas^† Quirós^† Dueñas J. M. San Martín^† Dueñas V. Gómez^† J. M. San Martín Dueñas^† Campo Dueñas^† Campo Zepeda^† Santín Barrios^† Santín J. E. Guzmán^† Peralta^† Barrios Dueñas González Méndez^† González del Valle Zaldívar Guirola^† Zaldívar Figueroa^† Rosales^† F. Menéndez C. Ezeta A. Ezeta^† Gutiérrez Regalado Escalón Figueroa M. Araujo C. Meléndez^† Quiñónez^† C. Meléndez Quiñónez^† J. Meléndez Quiñónez P. Romero A. Araujo
Military presidents (1931–1979)	Civic Directory^‡ Hernández Martínez^† A. Menéndez^† Hernández Martínez A. Menéndez^† Aguirre^† Castaneda Revolutionary Council of Government^‡ Osorio Lemus Junta of Government^‡ Civic-Military Directory^‡ Cordón^† Rivera F. Sánchez A. Molina C. Romero
Salvadoran Civil War (1979–1992)	Revolutionary Government Junta^‡ Magaña Duarte Cristiani
Post-Civil War (since 1992)	Cristiani Calderón Flores Saca Funes S. Sánchez Bukele C. Rodríguez^†
^† – Acting or provisional president ^‡ – Military junta

Authority control databases
International	FAST VIAF
National	United States

See also

References

External links