Mi-ʔaɬup ku kapah tu vavuy.

AV-hunt DIR {young man} ACC pig

"A young man hunts a pig."

Ma-ʔaɬup nu kapah ku vavuy.

PV-hunt ERG {young man} DIR pig

"A young man hunts a pig." (or "A pig is hunted by a young man.)

Pi-ʔaɬup-an nu kapah kura lutuk tu vavuy.

LV-hunt-LV ERG {young man} that.DIR mountain ACC pig

"A young man hunts a pig on that mountain." (or "That mountain is hunted a pig on by a young man.")

Sa-pi-ʔaɬup nu kapah ku ʔiluc tu vavuy.

IV-hunt ERG {young man} DIR spear ACC pig

"A young man hunts a pig with a spear." (or "A spear is hunted a pig with by a young man.")

Hli-um-u=cu=aku hlavate usua.

ASP-AV-eat=ASP=1SG.DIR guava two

"I have eaten two guavas."

Hli-paipekel-a=cu a Eleke a tangusuhlu=na.

ASP-mould-PV=ASP DET Eleke DET rice.cake=DEF

"Eleke has moulded the rice cake." (or "The rice cake has been moulded by Eleke.")

Hli-aala-ana ’Angai vutukuhlu a hluuhlungu=na.

ASP-take-CV ’Angai fish DET stream=DEF

"’Angai has caught fish in the stream." (or "The stream has been caught fish in by ’Angai.")

Hli-aala-ana=ku a vahlituku-isa ama’a.

ASP-take-CV=1SG.ERG DET money-3 father

"I have taken father's money." (or "Father's money has been taken by me.")

K‹um›aʉn (sua) ŋiau tapianaŋai.

‹AV›eat DIR cat bird

"A cat ate a bird."

Cʉʔʉr-ai maanu iisi (sua) tacau iisa.

see-PV child this DIR dog that

"This child saw that dog." (or "That dog was seen by this child.")

Riucuucu-an Mu'u (sua) PaicU.

kiss-LV Mu'u DIR PaicU

"Mu'u kissed PaicU." (or "PaicU was kissed by Mu'u.")

Si-puʔa maanu-maku ʔʉnai sua vantuku iisi.

IV-buy child-1SG.GEN land DIR money this

"My child bought land with this money." (or "This money was bought land with by my child.")

Q‹em›al tu rasung ya sunis.

‹AV›dig ACC well DIR child

"The child dug a well."

Qal-an na sunis ya rasung.

dig-PV ERG child DIR well

"The child dug the well." (or The well was dug by the child.")

Ti-tangan=ku tu ineb ya suqsuq.

CV-open=1SG.ERG ACC door DIR key

"I opened the door with the key." (or "The key was opened the door with by me.")

Ti-sammay na tama=ku ya tina=ku.

CV-cook ERG father=1SG.GEN DIR mother-1SG.GEN

"My father cooked for my mother." (or "My mother was cooked for by my father.")

Q‹m›ałup a tsautsau tua vavuy i (tua) gadu tua vuluq.

‹AV›hunt DIR man OBL pig PREP (OBL) mountain OBL spear

"The man hunts the pigs in the mountains with a spear."

Qałup-en nua tsautsau a vavuy i (tua) gadu tua vuluq.

hunt-PV ERG man DIR pig PREP (OBL) mountain OBL spear

"The man hunts the pigs in the mountains with a spear." (or "The pigs are hunted by the man in the mountains with a spear.")

Qałup-an nua tsautsau tua vavuy a gadu tua vuluq.

hunt-LV ERG man OBL pig DIR mountain OBL spear

"The man hunts the pigs in the mountains with a spear." (or "The mountains are hunted the pigs in by the man with a spear.")

Si-qałup nua tsautsau tua vavuy i (tua) gadu a vuluq.

IV-hunt ERG man OBL pig PREP (OBL) mountain DIR spear

"The man hunts the pigs in the mountains with a spear." (or "The spear is hunted the pigs with by the man in the mountains.")

Mu-ngazip yaku ki wazu.

AV-bite 1SG DIR dog

"The dog bit me."

Ngazib-en wazu lia ki rakihan.

bite-PV dog ASP DIR child

"A dog bit the child." (or The child was bitten by a dog.")

Pu-batu’-an lia ki babaw daran.

pave-stone-LV ASP DIR above road

"The road surface was paved with stones."

Saa-talek alaw ki bulayan.

IV-cook fish DIR pan

"The pan was cooked fish with."

Tr‹em›akaw dra paisu i Isaw.

‹AT.RL›steal ACC money DIR Isaw

"Isaw stole money."

Tu=trakaw-aw na paisu kan Isaw.

3.ERG=steal-PT.RL DIR money ERG Isaw

"Isaw stole the money." (or "The money was stolen by Isaw.")

Tu=trakaw-ay=ku dra paisu kan Isaw.

3.ERG=steal-LT.RL=1SG.DIR ACC money ERG Isaw

"Isaw stole money from me." (or "I was stolen money from by Isaw.")

Tu=trakaw-anay i tinataw dra paisu.

3.ERG=steal-CT.RL DIR his.mother ACC money

"He stole money for his mother." (or "His_i mother was stolen money for by him_i.")

Ku=dirus-anay na enay kan Aliwaki.

1SG.ERG=wash-CT.RL DIR water ACC Aliwaki

"I washed Aliwaki with water." (or "The water was washed Aliwaki with by me.")

Mi-’o mo-si to peisu ne Nookay.

AUX.AV-1SG.DIR AV-put OBL money OBL Nookay

"I deposit money in Nookay."

Os-’o si-a to panka ’o peisu.

AUX.NAV-1SG.ERG put-PV OBL table DIR money

"I put the money on the/a table." (or "The money was put on the/a table by me.")

Os-’o si-i to chumu ’o kopu.

AUX.NAV-1SG.ERG put-LV OBL water DIR cup

"I put water into the cup." (or "The cup was put water into by me.")

Os-’o si-i-neni to ocha ’o Pasuya.

AUX.NAV-1SG.ERG put-LV-BV OBL tea DIR Pasuya

"I served tea for Pasuya." (or "Pasuya was served tea for by me.")

Mangamoqmo qo tao so motdeh no boday do vahay.

m-pang-qamoqmo {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {}

AV-¿?-frighten DIR man ACC child IND snake OBL house

"The man is frightening a child with a snake in the house."

Qamoqmo-hen no tao qo motdeh no boday do vahay.

frighten-PV IND man DIR child IND snake OBL house

"The man is frightening a child with a snake in the house." (or "A child is being frightened with a snake in the house by the man.")

Pangamoqmoan no tao so motdeh no boday qo vahay.

pang-qamoqmo-an {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {}

¿?-frighten-LV IND man ACC child IND snake DIR house

"The man is frightening a child with a snake in the house." (or "The house is being frightened a child in with a snake by the man.")

Qipangamoqmo no tao so motdeh qo boday do vahay.

qi-pang-qamoqmo {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {}

CV-¿?-frighten IND man ACC child DIR snake OBL house

"The man is frightening a child with a snake in the house." (or "The snake is being frightened a child with in the house by the man.")

Qipangamoqmo no tao so motdeh no boday do vahay qo kayvan-a.

qi-pang-qamoqmo {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {}

CV-¿?-frighten IND man ACC child IND snake OBL house DIR friend-3SG.GEN

"The man is frightening a child with a snake in the house for his friend." (or "His_i friend is being frightened a child for with a snake in the house by the man_i.")

K‹om›an so wakay si Salang.

‹AV›eat OBL {sweet potato} DIR Salang

"Salang ate a sweet potato."

Kan-en na ni Salang o wakay.

eat-PV 3SG.ERG ERG Salang DIR {sweet potato}

"Salang ate the sweet potato." (or "The sweet potato was eaten by Salang.")

Ni-akan-an na o mogis ori ni Salang.

ASP-eat-LV 3SG.ERG DIR rice that ERG Salang

"Salang ate from some of that rice." (or "Some of that rice was eaten from by Salang.")

I-akan na ni Salang o among ya.

IV-eat 3SG.ERG ERG Salang DIR fish this

"Salang ate (a meal) with this fish." (or "This fish was eaten (a meal) with by Salang.")

Mo-luto’ si Maria ug kalamay para kang Pedro.

AV-cook DIR Maria ACC type.of.dessert for OBL Pedro

"Maria will cook kalamay for Pedro."

Luto’-on sa babaye ang bugas sa lata.

cook-PV ERG woman DIR rice OBL can

"The woman will cook the rice in the can."
(or "The rice will be cooked by the woman in the can.")

Luto’-an sa babaye ang lata ug bugas.

cook-CV ERG woman DIR can ACC rice

"The woman will cook rice in the can."
(or "The can will be cooked rice in by the woman.")

Luto’-an ni Maria si Pedro ug kalamay.

cook-CV ERG Maria DIR Pedro ACC type.of.dessert

"Maria will cook Pedro kalamay."
(or "Pedro will be cooked kalamay for by Maria.")

Sulat-an ni Inday si Perla ug sulat.

write-CV ERG Inday DIR Perla ACC letter

"Inday will write Perla a letter."
(or "Perla will be written a letter to by Inday.")

I-sulat ni Linda ang lapis ug sulat.

IV-write ERG Linda DIR pencil ACC letter

"Linda will write a letter with the pencil."
(or "The pencil will be written a letter with by Linda.")

K‹um›amang aku sa tubig na lata kan Ma’ adti balkon na lunis.

‹AV›get 1SG.DIR OBL water PREP can for Dad on porch PREP Monday

"I will get the water with the can for Dad on the porch on Monday."

Kamang-in ku ya tubig na lata kan Ma’ adti balkon na lunis.

get-PV 1SG.ERG DIR water PREP can for Dad on porch PREP Monday

"I will get the water with the can for Dad on the porch on Monday."
(or "The water will be gotten by me with the can for Dad on the porch on Monday.")

Pag-kamang ku ya lata sa tubig kan Ma’ adti balkon na lunis.

IV-get 1SG.ERG DIR can OBL water for Dad on porch PREP Monday

"I will get the water with the can for Dad on the porch on Monday."
(or "The can will be gotten the water with by me for Dad on the porch on Monday.")

Kamang-an ku ya Ma’ sa tubig na lata adti balkon na lunis.

get-CV 1SG.ERG DIR Dad OBL water PREP can on porch PREP Monday

"I will get the water with the can for Dad on the porch on Monday."
(or "Dad will be gotten the water for by me with the can on the porch on Monday.")

Kamang-an ku ya balkon sa tubig na lata kan Ma’ na lunis.

get-CV 1SG.ERG DIR porch OBL water PREP can for Dad PREP Monday

"I will get the water with the can for Dad on the porch on Monday."
(or "The porch will be gotten the water from by me with the can for Dad on Monday.")

S‹um›ulat yang poesia ing lalaki king pen king papil.

{} ya=ng {} {} {} {} {} {} {}

‹AV›will.write 3SG.DIR=ACC poem DIR boy OBL pen OBL paper

"The boy will write a poem with a pen on the paper."

I-sulat ne ning lalaki ing poesia king mestra.

{} na+ya {} {} {} {} {} {}

PV-will.write 3SG.ERG+3SG.DIR ERG boy DIR poem OBL teacher.F

"The boy will write the poem to the teacher."
(or "The poem will be written by boy to the teacher.")

Sulat-anan ne ning lalaki ing mestro.

{} na+ya {} {} {} {}

will.write-GV 3SG.ERG+3SG.DIR ERG boy DIR teacher.M

"The boy will write to the teacher."
(or "The teacher will be written to by the boy.")

Pi-sulat-an neng poesia ning lalaki ing blackboard.

{} na+ya=ng {} {} {} {} {}

LV-will.write-LV 3SG.ERG+3SG.DIR=ACC poem ERG boy DIR blackboard

"The boy will write a poem on the blackboard."
(or "The blackboard will be written a poem on by the boy.")

Panyulat neng poesia ning lalaki ing pen.

paN-sulat na+ya=ng {} {} {} {} {}

CV-will.write 3SG.ERG+3SG.DIR=ACC poem ERG boy DIR pen

"The boy will write a poem with the pen."
(or "The pen will be written a poem with by the boy.")

Pamasa nong libru ning babai reng anak.

paN-basa na+la=ng {} {} {} {} {}

CV-will.read 3SG.ERG+3PL.DIR=ACC book ERG woman PL.DIR child

"The woman will read a book for the children."
(or "The children will be read a book for by the woman.")

Nandalus si Malia=t danat palatu.

n-man-dalus {} {} {} {}

ASP-AV-wash DIR Malia=OBL PL plate

"Malia washed some plates."

Binayum din pagoy.

b‹in›ayu-∅=m {} {}

‹ASP›pound-PV=2SG.ERG DIR rice

"You pounded the rice."
(or "The rice was pounded by you.")

D‹in›alus-an ud Malia danat palatu.

‹ASP›wash-LV ERG Malia DIR.PL plate

"Malia washed the plates."
(or "The plates were washed by Malia.")

I-n-dalus-an ud Malia si ina=na=t nat palatu.

BV-ASP-wash-BV ERG Malia DIR mother=3SG.GEN=OBL SG plate

"Malia washed a plate for her mother."
(or "Her_i mother was washed a plate for by Malia_i.")

I-n-dalus ud Malia nat sabun sinat palatu.

IV-ASP-wash ERG Malia DIR soap OBL.SG plate

"Malia washed a plate with the soap."
(or "The soap was washed a plate with by Malia.")

S‹om›ombali’ so mama’ sa karabao ko maior.

‹AV›butcher DIR man OBL water.buffalo PREP mayor

"The man will butcher water buffalo for the mayor."

Sombali’-in o mama’ so karabao.

butcher-PV ERG man DIR water.buffalo

"The man will butcher the water buffalo."
(or "The water buffalo will be butchered by the man.")

Sombali’-an o mama’ so maior sa karabao.

butcher-CV ERG man DIR mayor OBL water.buffalo

"The man will butcher water buffalo for the mayor."
(or "The mayor will be butchered water buffalo for by the man.")

Koaq-an o mama’ sa bolong so tinda.

get-CV ERG man OBL medicine DIR store

"The man will get the medicine at/from the store."
(or "The store will be gotten medicine at/from by the man.")

I-sombali’ o mama’ so gelat ko karabao.

butcher-IV ERG man DIR knife PREP water.buffalo

"The man will butcher the water buffalo with the knife."
(or "The knife will be butchered the water buffalo with by the man.")

‹Mog›lamuʔ libun in ot lugow kot mosakit sot apuy.

‹ASP.AV›cook woman that.DIR IND congee for {sick person} on fire

"The woman will cook congee on the fire for the sick person."

La~lamuʔ-on ot libun lugow in kot mosakit sot apuy.

ASP~cook-PV IND woman congee that.DIR for {sick person} on fire

"The woman will cook the congee on the fire for the sick person."
(or "The congee will be cooked on the fire for the sick person by the woman.")

I-la~lamuʔ ot libun lugow kot mosakit apuy in.

IV-ASP~cook IND woman congee for {sick person} fire that.DIR

"The woman will cook congee with the fire for the sick person."
(or "The fire will be cooked congee with for the sick person by the woman.")

La~lamuʔ-an ot libun ot lugow sot apuy mosakit in.

ASP~cook-CV IND woman IND congee on fire {sick person} that.DIR

"The woman will cook congee on the fire for the sick person."
(or "The sick person will be cooked congee for on the fire by the woman.")

La~lamuʔ-an ot libun ot lugow kot mosakit apuy in.

ASP~cook-CV IND woman IND congee for {sick person} fire that.DIR

"The woman will cook congee on the fire for the sick person."
(or "The fire will be cooked congee on for the sick person by the woman.")

S‹um›aluy og polopanad nog kolatas.

‹ASP.AV›buy DIR teacher IND paper

"A teacher will buy some paper."

Soluy-on nog polopanad og kolatas.

buy-ASP.PV IND teacher DIR paper

"A teacher will buy some paper."
(or "Some paper will be bought by a teacher.")

Soluy-an nog polopanad og bata′ nog kolatas.

buy-ASP.CV IND teacher DIR child IND paper

"A teacher will buy some paper for a child."
(or "A child will be bought some paper for by a teacher.")

B‹um›ili ng mangga sa palengke para sa ale sa pamamagitan ng pera ang mama.

‹ASP.AV›buy IND mango OBL market for OBL woman OBL means IND money DIR man

"The man bought a mango at the market for the woman by means of money."

B‹in›ili-∅ ng mama sa palengke para sa ale sa pamamagitan ng pera ang mangga.

‹ASP›buy-PV IND man OBL market for OBL woman OBL means IND money DIR mango

"The man bought the mango at the market for the woman by means of money."
(or "The mango was bought by the man at the market for the woman by means of money.")

B‹in›ilh-an ng mama ng mangga para sa ale sa pamamagitan ng pera ang palengke.

‹ASP›buy-LV IND man IND mango for OBL woman OBL means IND money DIR market

"The man bought a mango at the market for the woman by means of money."
(or "The market was bought a mango at by the man for the woman by means of money.")

B‹in›ilh-an ng mama ng mangga sa palengke sa pamamagitan ng pera ang ale.

‹ASP›buy-LV IND man IND mango OBL market OBL means IND money DIR woman

"The man bought a mango at the market for the woman by means of money."
(or "The woman was bought a mango for by the man at the market by means of money.")

I-b‹in›ili ng mama ng mangga sa palengke sa pamamagitan ng pera ang ale.

BV-‹ASP›buy IND man IND mango OBL market OBL means IND money DIR woman

"The man bought a mango at the market for the woman by means of money."
(or "The woman was bought a mango for by the man at the market by means of money.")

Ipinambili ng mama ng mangga sa palengke para sa ale ang pera.

Ip‹in›aN-bili {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {}

‹ASP›IV-buy IND man IND mango OBL market for OBL woman DIR money

"The man bought a mango at the market for the woman by means of money."
(or "The money was bought a mango with by the man at the market for the woman.")

Ik‹in›a-iyak ng bata ang pag-kagat sa kaniya ng langgam.

‹ASP›RV-cry IND child DIR NMLZ-bite OBL 3SG.OBL IND ant

"The child cried because an/the ant bit him."
(or "An/the ant's biting of him was cried about by the child.")

‹Um›iyak ang bata dahil k‹in›agat-∅ siya ng langgam.

‹ASP.AV›cry DIR child because ‹ASP›bite-PV 3SG.DIR IND ant

"The child cried because an/the ant bit him."
(or "The child cried because he was bitten by an/the ant.")

Si tuama k‹um›eoŋ roda wo n-tali waki pasar.

AN.SG man ‹AV›will.pull cart with INAN-rope to market

"The man will pull the cart with the rope to the market."

Roda keoŋ-ən ni tuama wo n-tali waki pasar.

cart will.pull-PV ERG.AN.SG man with INAN-rope to market

"The man will pull the cart with the rope to the market."
(or "The cart will be pulled with rope to the market by the man.")

Pasar keoŋ-an ni tuama roda wo n-tali.

market will.pull-LV ERG.AN.SG man cart with INAN-rope

"The man will pull the cart with the rope to the market."
(or "The market will be pulled the cart to with the rope by the man.")

Tali i-keoŋ ni tuama roda waki pasar.

rope CV-will.pull ERG.AN.SG man cart to market

"The man will pull the cart with the rope to the market."
(or "The rope will be pulled the cart with to the market by the man.")

Se okiʔ i-lutuʔ ni mama seraʔ

AN.PL child CV-will.cook ERG.AN.SG mother fish

"Mother will cook fish for the children."
(or "The children will be cooked fish for by mother.")

Ləloŋkotan i-wareŋ ni tuama waki wale.

ladder CV-will.return ERG.AN.SG man to house

"The man will return the ladder to the house."
(or "The ladder will be returned by the man to the house.")

Sia imagi louk nyu.

{} in-N-bagi {} {}

3SG.DIR RL-AV-divide fish 2PL.GEN

"He divided your fish."

Louk nyu biagi nya.

{} {} b‹in›agi-∅ {}

fish 2PL.GEN ‹RL›divide-PV 3SG.ERG

"He divided your fish." (or "Your fish was divided by him.")

Badiʔ ku pimagi nya louk nyu.

{} {} p‹in›əN-bagi {} {} {}

machete 1SG.GEN ‹RL›IV-divide 3SG.ERG fish 2PL.GEN

"He divided your fish with my machete." (or "My machete was divided your fish with by him.")

Ou bigiadn nya louk nyu.

{} b‹in›agi-adn {} {} {}

1SG.DIR ‹RL›divide-CV 3SG.ERG fish 2PL.GEN

"He divided your fish for me." (or "I was divided your fish for by him.")

Ou biniriadn nya siidn.

{} b‹in›ori-adn {} {}

1SG.DIR ‹RL›give-CV 3SG.ERG money

"He gave money to me." (or "I was given money to by him.")

Mog-ovit i ama’ di tanak do buuk.

AV-bring DIR father IND child ACC book

"Father is bringing the child a book."

Ovit-on di ama’ di tanak i buuk.

bring-PV IND father IND child DIR book

"Father is bringing the child the book." (or "The book is being brought to the child by Father.")

Ovit-an di ama’ i tanak do buuk.

bring-BV IND father DIR child ACC book

"Father is bringing the child a book." (or "The child is being brought a book to by Father.")

La’ih sineh nenekul nubaq nedih ngen seduk.

{} {} in-N-tekul {} {} {} {}

man that ASP-AV-spoon.up rice 3SG.GEN with spoon

"That man spooned his rice up with a spoon."

Sikul la’ih sineh nubaq nedih ngen seduk.

t‹in›ekul-∅ {} {} {} {} {} {}

‹ASP›spoon.up-PV man that rice 3SG.GEN with spoon.

"That man spooned his rice up with a spoon." (or "His_i rice was spooned up with a spoon by that man_i.")

Seduk penenekul la’ih sineh nubaq nedih.

{} p‹in›eN-tekul {} {} {} {}

spoon ‹ASP›IV-spoon.up man that rice 3SG.GEN

"That man spooned his rice up with a spoon." (or "A spoon was spooned his_i rice up with by that man_i.")

Mangalapak oku do niyuw.

m-poN-lapak {} {} {}

AV-TR-split 1SG.DIR IND.INDF coconut

"I will split a coconut/some coconuts."