Aylesford Priory
Native name
The Friars, Aylesford
Inner courtyard of the Priory
Built13th, 15th century
Restored byFr. Malachy Lynch
ArchitectAdrian Gilbert Scott
Governing bodyRoman Catholic Archdiocese of Southwark
OwnerCarmelite Order
Listed Building – Grade I
Official nameThe Friars, Main Block
Designated25 August 1959
Reference no.1070570
Listed Building – Grade I
Official nameGatehouse and Wall to the NE
Designated25 February 1987
Reference no.1111775
Aylesford Priory is located in Kent
Aylesford Priory
Location of Aylesford Priory in Kent
The old gatehouse at the Friars
Shrine at night

Aylesford Priory, or "The Friars" was founded in 1242 when members of the Carmelite order arrived in England from Mount Carmel in the Holy Land.[1] Richard de Grey, a crusader, sponsored them, and conveyed to the order a parcel of land located on his manor in Aylesford in Kent.[2][3] The estate came back into the ownership of the Carmelite order in 1949. After refurbishment, which revealed 15th century remnants, the manor house was Grade I listed in 1959.[4] After subsequent work on site, the 15th century gatehouse and the NE section of the wall were also Grade I listed on 25 February 1987.[5] The priory now contains an array of contemporary artworks by notable artists. It is a pilgrimage destination of national significance.

History

The Carmelites first came to Kent[2] in the 13th century. Richard of Wendover, then Bishop of Kent, [6] recognised the Carmelite foundation at Aylesford and the first General Chapter of the order, outside of the Holy Land, was held there. The Chapter changed the lifestyle of the Carmelites from hermits to mendicant friars.[7]

As a result of the English Reformation, the Carmelites were forced out of the property in 1538. Over the next four centuries, the buildings were repurposed, including their use as an "opulent, stately home". Following a fire in 1930, restoration work was required, during the course of which, many of the original features were revealed. In 1949, the property was offered for sale. This gave the Carmelites the opportunity to purchase their first motherhouse, and use it for its original purpose, as a place of worship.

Additional restoration work commenced, including plans to construct the Shrine.[1] Construction began in 1958, with renewed interest in The Friars, after the distraction of the war years. The first Prior, Fr. Malachy Lynch, a charismatic figure, inspired people with the words: "Courage to Build Anew".[8] In the presence of Cardinal Heenan, Archbishop Cyril Cowderoy rededicated the completed Shrine in 1965.[1]

Art at The Friars

The Friars features a wide variety of modern-day religious artwork, including sculptures, paintings, stained glass and ceramics.[9]

Sculpture

Philip Lindsey Clark[1] was both the son of a sculptor and the father of a sculptor. His commissions include work in Westminster Cathedral, other churches, and several War Memorials. As Chair of the Religious Artist Guild, he introduced to The Friars, both his son, Michael Clark, and Adam Kossowski.

Michael Clark [1] is known mainly for his religious sculptures. He was commissioned to create the small statues located over the doorways of the Courtyard. He received the Otto Beit Medal for Sculpture for his statue of the Glorious Assumption.

13th Station of the Cross by Adam Kossowski

Adam Kossowski was born in Poland in 1943, and studied in the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts, Cracow and Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw.[10] He began work at Aylesford in 1950. Kossowski's first major commission was by Fr. Malachy Lynch, then prior at Aylesford, to produce the seven-panel History of the Carmelites of Aylesford in tempera.[10]

Kossowski's first large ceramic project, a Rosary Way, was an Aylesford commission. When Kossowski suggested that he may not be "the man who should do that", Fr. Malachy replied, "Adam, I am sure Our Lady has sent you here for that purpose.[10] When the Rosary Way was successfully completed, Kossowski received "the biggest ceramic commission that I ever had till then", The Vision of St. Simon Stock.[10]

Kossowski's creative relationship with the Aylesford Carmelites lasted from 1950 to 1972, and he created for them approximately one hundred distinct pieces of art "in ceramic, tempera and oil painting, mosaic, wrought iron, and stained glass."[11][12]

Stained Glass Windows

Moira Forsyth was one of the outstanding stained glass artists of the last century. The Flos Carmeli window was a personal gift of the artist, given to celebrate her reception into the Catholic Church in the Cloister Chapel on the Feast of Our Lady's birthday, 1957. The "Flos Carmeli" (Flower of Carmel) is the first line of a hymn that Carmelites sing to Our Lady.

Flos Carmeli by Moira Forsyth in the Cloister Chapel

Dom Charles Norris is responsible for the windows in the Relic Chapel. The windows in the side chapel were designed by Norris. Norris used a style of stained glass called ‘dalles de verre’ in which ‘tiles’ of coloured glass are chipped into shape and laid, mosaic-fashion, in a matrix of resin.[13]

Adam Kossawski designed the windows in the body of the chapel.

Hartley Wood Glass of Sunderland, made a number of windows: the diamond-designed windows in the Choir Chapel; the tribune of the Relic Chapel and St. Joseph's Chapel; the Spring of Faith windows in St. Anne's Chapel and the gold, brown and orange tinted windows in the old Convent Chapel.

Virgin of the Glorious Assumption by Michael Clark

Shrine

Adrian Gilbert Scott, the architect of the Shrine,[12] was a member of the family who have been described as "the family who built Gothic Britain". His older brother was Giles Gilbert Scott and their father was George Gilbert Scott Jr.

The medieval building comprises the Prior's Hall; two walks of the Cloisters; the Cloister Chapel and the Courtyard with the Pilgrims’ Hall, which stands beside the River Medway.[9]

Behind the Shrine is the Rosary Way, which is near the Peace Garden.

Barns

There are two restored barns by the main entrance one of which houses the Tearoom and Giftshop. This barn dates to the seventeenth century.[12]

Pottery

Aylesford Pottery was founded in 1953 by David Leach, a recent catholic convert, as a Malachy Lynch project in part to benefit the Priory.[14] It continues to be located in the precincts of the Priory and remains one of the few surviving commercial craft potteries in the southeast of England.

Burials

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "History". www.thefriars.org.uk. 29 August 2018.
  2. 1 2 "Friaries: The Carmelite friars of Aylesford". www.british-history.ac.uk. British History Online.
  3. ↑ "Friaries: The Carmelite friars of Aylesford," in A History of the County of Kent: Volume 2, ed. William Page (London: Victoria County History, 1926), 201-203. British History Online, accessed July 15, 2020, http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/kent/vol2/pp201-203.
  4. ↑ Historic England. "Name: The Friars, Main Block (1070570)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  5. ↑ Historic England. "Name: GATEHOUSE AND WALLS TO THE NORTH AND EAST OF THE FRIARS (1111775)". National Heritage List for England.
  6. ↑ "The city and liberty of Rochester: The diocese, bishops and archdeacons | British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  7. ↑ "The Friars - Aylesford Priory, Maidstone, Kent". www.thefriars.org.uk. 29 August 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  8. ↑ Fielding, Edwina. (1968). Courage to build anew: the story of the rebuilding of The Friars, Aylesford, taken from the newsletters of Malachy Lynch;. Lynch, Malachy. London: Burns & Oates. ISBN 0-223-31392-0. OCLC 41032.
  9. 1 2 "ArtWay.eu". www.artway.eu.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Kossowska, Stefania, ed. (1990). "Sankey, An Interview with Adam Kossowski". Adam Kossowski: Murals and Paintings. London: Armelle Press. p. 65-77.
  11. ↑ Image of Carmel: The Art of Aylesford, Faversham, Kent, UK: Carmelite Fathers of Aylesford, 1974. p. 18.
  12. 1 2 3 "Attractions". www.thefriars.org.uk. 12 December 2017.
  13. ↑ "Modern History". www.buckfast.org.uk.
  14. ↑ Cooper, Emmanuel (2003). Bernard Leach, Life & Work. New Haven and London: Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art/ Yale University Press. p. 267-8. ISBN 0300099290.
  15. ↑ "Tile Gazetteer - Kent - TACS". tilesoc.org.uk. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  16. ↑ Chwastyk-Kowalczyk, Jolanta (2020). "Kontrowersyjna i niezależna postać kultury polskiej na emigracji – dziennikarka, pisarka, redaktor Stefania Kossowska". Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Librorum (in Polish). 2 (31): 81. doi:10.18778/0860-7435.31.05. hdl:11089/37697. S2CID 236857106.

Further reading

  • The History of The Friars Aylesford by Fr Wilfrid McGreal O Carm
  • Carmel in Britain, Essays on the Medieval English Carmelite Province by Richard Copsey (edited by Patrick Fitzgerald-Lombard)
  • The Friars Aylesford by James H. Sephton
  • Courage to Build a New by Edwina Fielding
  • Image of Carmel The Art of Aylesford by the Carmelite Friars of Aylesford
  • Adam Kossowski by Benedict Read
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