Figure 1 from Emma Read's patent for a "Portable Baby Cage"

A baby cage was a bed in a wire cage suspended from city apartment windows. The "health cage", as it was initially called, was invented by Mrs. Robert C Lafferty to provide babies with fresh air and sunshine while living in crowded cities.[1]

History

In the early 1900s, many open air schools were built as an attempt to combat the widespread rise of tuberculosis. The belief that open air and ventilation were key in fighting the epidemic inspired the creation of baby cages.

In 1908, according to the recommendations of a doctor who insisted on the need of fresh air for babies, Eleanor Roosevelt attached "a kind of box with wire on the sides and top" to the outside of one of her back windows in her New York home as a place for Anna, her first child born the same year, during her morning naps.[2] Even though Roosevelt was following the same doctor's advice to leave babies crying, the neighbourhood, alerted by the wailing of the child, threatened to report the mother to the New York Society for Prevention of Cruelty toward Children.[3][4] In later years Roosevelt reported how she was shocked by the reaction of the neighbours, saying she thought she was just being a modern mother.[3][5]

In 1922, a patent application about a "portable baby cage" has been submitted by Emma Read.[6][3] This cage was intended to be suspended on the external edge of a window, in which the baby would be placed.[7][3]

The usage of baby cages gained great popularity in London during the 1930s.[8] The installation had been created for children who live in cities without gardens.[7] These baby cages were given by neighbourhood communities, like the Chelsea Baby Club, to every member who did not have a garden.[9][6] In 1935, the Royal Institute of British Architects dedicated the balcons pour bébés element as essential to every housing of the middle class, while citing the example of the Chelsea Baby Club initiative.[3] At the beginning of the World War II, the Battle of Britain led by the Luftwaffe ended the usage of baby cages in all London, but they appeared again from 1953, albeit not as popular as before.[3]

Ultimately, the sale of baby cages progressively declined through the mid-1900s, possibly due to safety concerns[8] and the rise of urban automobile traffic.

Design

Although the materials differed, the general design was the same. A mesh cage allowed air and sunlight to pass through while preventing the child from falling out to the street below. Some designs incorporated rooves in order to shield the child from snow, rain, or debris dropped from above.[10]

References

  1. ↑ "Put Your Baby in a Bird-Cage". The Times Dispatch. September 14, 1913. p. 53. Retrieved Mar 29, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  2. ↑ Roosevelt, Eleanor (1961). "A Woman". The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 60.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Solveig Grothe (2017). "Käfig-Kinder: Schatz, häng mal das Baby zum Lüften raus". Spiegel Online (in German). Retrieved January 21, 2019.
  4. ↑ Jane Anderson Vercelli (1994). Eleanor Roosevelt. New York: Chelsea House Publishing. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-7910-1772-2. OCLC 423816424.
  5. ↑ Susannah Cahalan (29 December 2018). "Good parents used to cover their babies in salt and put them in cages". New York Post. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  6. 1 2 Charles Saatchi (2014). "Fresh air is important for babies". Known Unknowns. Booth-Clibborn Editions. pp. 113–119. ISBN 978-1-86154-360-8.
  7. 1 2 Nicholas Jackson (2010-10-08). "Old, Weird Tech: Baby Cage Edition". The Atlantic.
  8. 1 2 Arbuckle, Alex (24 September 2015). "Baby cages: Turns out not a great solution". Mashable. Retrieved 2020-03-23.
  9. ↑ Sara C Nelson (2012-07-24). "Baby Cage: The 1937 Parenting Solution For Londoners Short on Space". Huffington Post.
  10. ↑ "A Fresh Air Cage for the Baby". The Post-Star. July 31, 1923. p. 12. Retrieved Mar 29, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.

Further reading

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