Ballinasloe
Béal Átha na Sluaighe
Town
Society Street
Society Street
Coat of arms of Ballinasloe
Coat of arms
Ballinasloe is located in Ireland
Ballinasloe
Ballinasloe
Location in Ireland
Coordinates: 53°19′39″N 8°13′10″W / 53.3275°N 8.2194°W / 53.3275; -8.2194
CountryIreland
ProvinceConnacht
CountyCounty Galway
Local authorityGalway County Council
Dáil constituencyRoscommon–Galway
Civil parishesKilcloony[1]
Creagh[1]
Moore[1]
Area
[2]
 • Total8.6 km2 (3.3 sq mi)
Elevation
65 m (213 ft)
Population
 (2016)[3]
 • Total6,662
 • Density770/km2 (2,000/sq mi)
Eircode routing key
H53
Telephone area code+353 90
Irish Grid ReferenceM854307
Websiteballinasloe.ie

Ballinasloe (/ˌbælnəˈsloʊ/ bal-na-SLOH; Irish: Béal Átha na Sluaighe, meaning 'mouth of the ford of the crowds')[10] is a town in the easternmost part of County Galway in Connacht. Located at an ancient crossing point on the River Suck, evidence of ancient settlement in the area includes a number of Bronze Age sites. Built around a 12th-century castle, which defended the fording point, the modern town of Ballinasloe was "founded" in the early 13th century. As of the 2016 census, it was one of the largest towns in County Galway, with a population of 6,662 people.[3]

History

The town developed as a crossing point on the River Suck, a tributary of the Shannon. The Irish placename – meaning the mouth of the ford of the crowds – reflects this purpose.

The patron saint of Ballinasloe is Saint Grellan, whom tradition believes built the first church in the area. A local housing estate, a GAA club, the branch of Conradh na Gaeilge, and formerly a school are named after him.

While there is evidence of more ancient settlement in the area (including crannog and ringfort sites in Garbally Demesne),[11][12] Richard Mór de Burgh (c.1194–c.1242) is credited with founding the town in the early 13th century.[13]

A castle was built in Ballinasloe on the east bank of the Suck in the 12th or early 13th centuries.[12] This was later rebuilt or expanded by the O'Kellys of Hy-Many in the 14th century.[12] The ruins of the outer wall of this structure remain visible today.[14][15]

Ballinasloe is historically known for its limestone which was used in many public buildings in the town.[16] The local Garda (police) station, built c.1840 as a terraced three-storey house, is built of cut limestone which indicates the relative prosperity of the town in the 19th century.[17] A courthouse in the town, built c.1840, features roofs and walls built of limestone.[18]

Much of Ballinasloe's town centre was laid out in the 18th and early 19th centuries.[19] During the Great Famine, a workhouse was opened in the town in 1842 at a cost of £9,500. The building's chimney stacks, sills and walls were partially built of limestone.[20] It was designed to house a maximum capacity of 1,000 people, but the 1851 census showed that the building housed 2,487 inmates. During the mid-1840s, a 64-bed fever hospital was built at the northeast of the workhouse with wards transformed to use as convalescent accommodation. Today, only the main block of the workhouse fever hospital survives.[21][22]

During the 2009 floods in Ireland, the River Suck burst its banks and caused major flooding in Ballinasloe.[23] About 40 families were evacuated by boat after the flooding caused over €8 million worth of damage in the town, with a number of buildings left under water for several weeks.[24][25]

An archaeological survey, undertaken in September 2021 as part of a street enhancement programme in the town, revealed a number of human skeletons and 17-century artefacts, 12 centimetres below existing footpaths.[26]

Economy

Main Street, Ballinasloe, where the first Supermac's restaurant is located
Shearwater Hotel at Marina Point, Ballinasloe

Fast-food restaurant Supermac's opened its first restaurant in Ballinasloe in 1978.[27] As of 2019, the restaurant chain had grown to 116 locations,[28] including three stores in the town.[29]

Ballinasloe traditionally had an agricultural economy,[30] though the 1980s and 1990s saw a number of factories locate in the town. Local employers include Surmodics,[31] a medical company with premises in the 39-acre Business & Technology Park.[32]

Another contributor to the local economy is the Enterprise Centre.[33] Managed by the Ballinasloe Area Community Development (BACD), it is located on the outskirts of Ballinasloe along the Creagh Road.[33] As of mid-2020, there were 26 enterprises based in the centre,[34] with nine more regularly using the training, meeting and hot-desk facilities.[35] In July 2021, Tánaiste and Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment Leo Varadkar visited the Enterprise Centre as part of a campaign to raise awareness of the advice available from the government about blended and remote work.[36]

The footwear and clothing company, Dubarry of Ireland, is headquartered in Creagh, Ballinasloe. In November 2004, Dubarry ceased its manufacturing facility in the town, however, its product development, marketing and distribution departments, remain in Ballinasloe.[37]

Businesses in the town centre include Gullane's Hotel, a three-star hotel and conference centre, which has served the area since 1943.[38] The Shearwater Hotel, a four-star hotel, leisure centre and gym, is located at Marina Point.[39]

During 2020, the future of the Aptar factory in Ballinasloe was questioned,[40] and several TDs called for a taskforce on the issue.[41][42] In August 2020, Aptar confirmed it would cease operations at the facility, with the loss of 115 jobs,[43][44] stating that industrial equipment would be transferred to other Aptar global sites by the end of 2020.[45][46]

In April 2020, an online community marketplace was launched which allowed shoppers to continue to buy locally and support the community, as shops closed during the COVID-19 pandemic.[47][48]

Irish discount store chain, Mr. Price, opened a store in the town in 2022.[49]

In June 2019, planning permission was granted for a five-screen Omniplex cinema to be built near the Tesco store in the town.[50] Construction began in March 2022,[51][52] with the single-storey cinema opening in May 2023.[53]

Places of interest

Places of interest in the surrounding area include:

Transport

Ballinasloe railway station entrance
The Grand Canal extended across the River Shannon with a branch to Ballinasloe
Marina at Ballinasloe

Road

Once a notorious traffic jam on the old Galway to Dublin road, Ballinasloe is now bypassed by the M6 motorway. The motorway was opened on 18 December 2009 as the N6 was upgraded.

The town can also be accessed by public bus, with CityLink and Aircoach serving the town on their Limerick to Galway and Dublin to Galway routes. Bus Éireann previously served the town, but announced in July 2021 that it would end its Athlone services to Dublin and Galway.[54]

Bicycle

The Athlone to Galway Cycleway is a planned long-distance cycling and walking greenway that passes through Ballinasloe en route to Galway city.[55][56] The route selection process was completed in December 2021, as part of the Dublin–Galway Greenway, following a long consultation process that began in 2014, with Ballinasloe being the first stop in the west.[57]

Rail

The Ballinasloe railway station opened on 1 August 1851,[58] and is served by the Dublin–Galway railway line.

Water

From 1828 to the 1960s, Ballinasloe was the terminus of the Grand Canal. Guinness Company used the town's canal stores to store and distribute the Guinness to the midlands. The Grand Canal provided a route for Guinness barges to travel from Dublin to Shannon Harbour. The town features a public marina which was developed on the River Suck to allow traffic from the Shannon Navigation to access the town.[59]

Events

Ballinasloe hosts a number of annual events and festivals throughout the year.

October Fair

Sculpture by James McCarthy which monumentalises the Ballinasloe Horse Fair

The Ballinasloe Horse Fair is held annually in October. It is reputedly the oldest horse fair in Europe and dates back to the 18th century.[60] Chiefly agricultural in the past, it is now focused on the horse, and the associated festival attracts up to 80,000 visitors.[61] A large market typically takes place, along with a number of events, fireworks, a dog show and a fun fair beside Ballinasloe's town theatre. The 2020 and 2021 events were cancelled as part of Ireland's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[62][63][64] The event returned in 2022, marking the 300th anniversary of the fair.[65]

Larry Reynolds' Weekend

The Larry Reynolds' Weekend is a celebration of traditional Irish music. The event has run annually since 2014, in commemoration of Larry Reynolds, a former Ballinasloe native who emigrated to the United States in 1953 and brought the east Galway style of music to Boston.[66] The festival sees a number of traditional music performances in the different bars around town. What would have been the seventh event, due to have taken place in September 2020, was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[67]

Dinny Delaney Festival

The Dinny Delaney Festival is an annual traditional music festival, celebrating the traditions of uilleann pipes, in commemoration of Dinny Delaney, a late Ballinasloe native and well-known piper of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.[68][69] The festival includes concerts, masterclasses, sessions and livestreams.[70]

Other events

The Strings Festival, a music event focusing on stringed instruments, was hosted by Ballinasloe library in July 2017 and 2018.[71]

A "Zombie Walk" is held at Halloween on the grounds of the Garbally estate.[72] First held in 2015, the event involves "zombie" tour-guides bringing groups through Garbally woods. The 2019 Zombie Walk event was shortened to one day due to the weather,[73] and the 2020 event was cancelled outright in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland.[74]

A week long Christmas pantomime is held at Ballinasloe Town Hall Theatre annually.[75] First held in 2009,[76] the local community put their own twist on classic fairytales, such as Sleeping Beauty in 2017,[77] Aladdin in 2018, Rapunzel in 2019[78] and Cinderella in 2022.[79]

Local government

Ballinasloe is a local electoral area and a municipal district of County Galway, electing six councillors to Galway County Council.[80] It contains the electoral divisions of:

Ahascragh, Annagh, Aughrim (in the former Rural District of Ballinasloe), Ballinasloe Rural, Ballinasloe Urban, Ballinastack, Ballymacward, Ballymoe, Ballynakill (in the former Rural District of Glenamaddy), Ballynakill (in the former Rural District of Mountbellew), Boyounagh, Caltra, Castleblakeney, Castleffrench, Clonbrock, Clonfert, Clontuskert, Cloonkeen (in the former Rural District of Mountbellew), Cloonkeen (in the former Rural District of Tuam), Colmanstown, Cooloo, Creggs, Curraghmore, Derryglassaun, Glennamaddy, Island, Kellysgrove, Kilconnell, Kilcroan, Killaan, Killallaghtan, Killeroran, Killian, Killure, Kilmacshane, Kiltullagh (in the former Rural District of Glenamaddy), Kylemore, Laurencetown, Lismanny, Mount Bellew, Mounthazel, Raheen, Scregg, Shankill, Taghboy, Templetogher and Toberroe.

Ballinasloe Town Commissioners came into being on 22 February 1841 by order of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. The first meeting was held at Craig's Hotel. Rear-Admiral William Le Poer Trench was in the chair and the members included Father Laurence Dillon, P. P.; Rev. Mr. Travers Jones, and representatives of the professional and business interests in the town. Their first responsibility was the public lighting and a gasworks was immediately erected at a cost of £1421.

On 16 March 1880, Ballinasloe was constituted an urban sanitary district and in 1899, this body became Ballinasloe Urban District Council under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.[81] This became a town council in 2002.[82] In common with all town councils, it was abolished in 2014.[83]

Local media

Local and regional newspapers include the Ballinasloe Life magazine,[84] the Connacht Tribune, Galway Advertiser, Athlone Topic and the Roscommon Herald. Local radio stations include Galway Bay FM, Shannonside FM, Midlands 103 and iRadio.

Between 1986 and 1988, a pirate radio station "Kandy Radio" was broadcast from Ballinasloe serving the town and its rural hinterland. A log from April 1988 recorded Kandy Radio on 103.5 FM and the station closed down that month.[85] A temporarily-licensed station under the banner of "Ballinasloe Community Radio" on 102.8 MHz FM was also broadcast for five years running, which covered the Ballinasloe Horse Fair.[86]

Hospitals

St. Brigid's Hospital in Ballinasloe, near Creagh

Ballinasloe has one university hospital, Portiuncula University Hospital. Opened by the Franciscan Missionaries of the Divine Motherhood in 1943, it is managed by the Saolta University Health Care Group.[87][88][89] Ballinasloe had one psychiatric hospital, St. Brigid's Hospital, opened as the Connacht Asylum in 1833. After the introduction of deinstitutionalisation in the late 1980s[90][91] the hospital went into a period of decline and closed in 2013.[92][93]

Sport

Ballinasloe has soccer, golf, and rugby clubs, alongside Duggan Park GAA grounds. The local GAA clubs are Ballinasloe GAA (incorporating St Grellan's Gaelic football club and the Ballinasloe Hurling Club), Derrymullen Handball Club and Ballinasloe Camogie Club. The soccer club, Ballinasloe Town AFC, plays its games at The Curragh Grounds in the town.

Ballinasloe also has two resident boxing clubs. Facilities in and near the town include a golf club (established in 1894), an equestrian centre (established in 1994 four miles from the town), an athletics club, GAA grounds, tennis club, two swimming pools, 40x20 handball alley, rugby grounds, soccer grounds, driving range, and a recreational track.[94]

Religion

St. Michael's Church and St. John's Church in Ballinasloe.

Ballinasloe has two Catholic churches (St. Michael's Church and Our Lady of Lourdes Church) and one Evangelical Protestant church (St. John's Church).[95]

Education

In Ballinasloe there are four national schools (Scoil Uí Cheithearnaigh, Creagh National School, Scoil an Chroí Naofa and St Teresa's Special School), two secondary schools (Garbally College and Ardscoil Mhuire),[96] and a further education college providing adult education courses.[97] In addition, there are four driving schools in and near the town,[98] as well as a dance school located on Society Street.[99] Ballinasloe is home to one of three National Ambulance Service College campuses in Ireland, which trains paramedics and intermediate care operatives.[100]

On 12 November 2021, Taoiseach Micheál Martin and Minister for Education Norma Foley visited Ballinasloe to announce the approval of a new eight classroom building for St Teresa's Special School.[101][102]

Twin towns

Ballinasloe has been twinned with Chalonnes-sur-Loire, in Maine-et-Loire, France, since 1988.[103]

People

Annalistic references

From the Annals of Lough Cé:

  • LC1114.3. A hosting by Domhnall Mac Lachlainn to Rath-Cennaigh, when Eochaidh Ua Mathghamhna, with the Ulidians, came into his house, and Donnchadh Ua Loingsigh, with the Dal-Araidhe, and Aedh Ua Ruairc, with the men of Breifne, and Murchadh Ua Maelsechlainn, with the men of Midhe. They all proceeded across Ath-Luain to Dun-Leodha [the original name of Ballinasloe] where Toirdhealbhach Ua Conchobhair, with the Connachtmen, aud Niall, son of Domhnall Mac Lachlainn, with the chieftains of Clann-Conaill, came into his assembly.

See also

Further reading

  • P. K. Egan (1953), Ballinasloe: A Historical Sketch, Ballinasloe: Ballinasloe Tóstal Council, archived from the original on 27 September 2007 – via ballinasloe.org

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Civil parishes of Ballinasloe". johngrenham.com. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  2. ↑ "Population Density and Area Size 2016". Central Statistics Office (Ireland). Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  3. 1 2 3 "Census 2016 Sapmap Area: Settlements Ballinasloe". Central Statistics Office (Ireland). Archived from the original on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  4. ↑ "Home – CSO – Central Statistics Office". CSO. Archived from the original on 20 September 2010.
  5. ↑ "HISTPOP.ORG – Home". www.histpop.org. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016.
  6. ↑ "Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency – Census Home Page". Archived from the original on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  7. ↑ Lee, JJ (1981). "On the accuracy of the Pre-famine Irish censuses". In Goldstrom, J. M.; Clarkson, L. A. (eds.). Irish Population, Economy, and Society: Essays in Honour of the Late K. H. Connell. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
  8. ↑ Mokyr, Joel; O Grada, Cormac (November 1984). "New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700–1850". The Economic History Review. 37 (4): 473–488. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.1984.tb00344.x. hdl:10197/1406. Archived from the original on 4 December 2012.
  9. ↑ "Ballinasloe (Ireland) Agglomeration". City Population. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  10. ↑ "Béal Átha na Sluaighe / Ballinasloe". logainm.ie. Placenames Database of Ireland. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  11. ↑ "Garbally Demesne Excavation Final Report" (PDF). atlanticarchaeology.ie. 25 March 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  12. 1 2 3 Alcock, Olive; de hÓra, Kathy; Gosling, Paul, eds. (1999). Archaeological Inventory of County Galway Vol. II – North Galway. Dublin: Government Stationery Office.
  13. ↑ Perry, Mike (17 October 2019). "Richard Mor "The Great" de Burgh , Lord of Connaught, Viceroy of Ireland". The Perry-Poole Family Tree. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  14. ↑ "Ballinasloe in the 1830s – Ireland Reaching Out". irelandxo.com. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  15. ↑ Burke, Donal. "Brabazon of Ballinasloe – Burke's East Galway". burkeseastgalway.com. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  16. ↑ "About Ballinasloe". ballinasloe.ie. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
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  23. ↑ "University lectures suspended as floods hit UCC". BreakingNews.ie. 20 November 2011. Archived from the original on 11 December 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  24. ↑ Dunne, Seán (26 August 2017). "Donegal floods bring back 'painful memories' for Ballinasloe man". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  25. ↑ Gleeson, Colin (21 November 2009). "Town 'could soon be totally cut off'". Irish Independent. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  26. ↑ McGrath, Pat (23 September 2021). "New insight into Ballinasloe history revealed during archaeological survey". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  27. ↑ "Pat McDonagh: start-up essentials". joe.ie. JOE. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  28. ↑ Hamilton, Peter (6 February 2019). "Supermac's owner plans to add 300 staff in 2019". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  29. ↑ "Supermac's Fresh Range – 100% Fresh Irish Chicken Breast Sandwiches" (PDF). Ballinasloe Life. Vol. 13, no. 1. p. 21. Retrieved 28 April 2023. Main St. – Dolan's, Dublin Rd. – Sarsfield Rd.
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  32. ↑ "APTAR: Twelve Years A Growing" (PDF). Ballinasloe Life. Vol. 3, no. 3. September 2013. p. 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  33. 1 2 "Ballinasloe Enterprise Centre". ballinasloeenterprisecentre.ie. Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  34. ↑ "Ballinasloe Area Community Development". enterprisecentres.ie. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  35. ↑ "HOT DESKING Now available in Ballinasloe Enterprise Centre". ballinasloeenterprisecentre.ie. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
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  37. ↑ Oram, Hugh. "An Irishman's Diary". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  38. ↑ "Gullane's Hotel Galway, Hotel in Galway". gullaneshotel.com. Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  39. ↑ "Shearwater Hotel". shearwaterhotel.com. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
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  44. ↑ "Aptar Ballinasloe plant to close by year's end with loss of 115 jobs". Connacht Tribune. 28 August 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  45. ↑ "CONFIRMED: Aptar in Ballinasloe to close by December". Shannonside News. 28 August 2020. Archived from the original on 29 August 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  46. ↑ "Aptar closes Ballinalsoe facility with the loss of 115 jobs". MidWest Radio. 28 August 2020. Archived from the original on 28 August 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
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  61. ↑ "Ballinasloe horse fair expected to draw 80,000 visitors". irishtimes.com. The Irish Times. 6 October 2014. Archived from the original on 12 November 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  62. ↑ "Fair & Festival 2020 Cancelled". Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  63. ↑ "NEWS: Ballinasloe Fair 2020 cancelled due to Covid-19 concerns". theirishfield.ie. 26 June 2020. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  64. ↑ "Ballinasloe Horse Fair officially cancelled for this year". Galway Bay FM. 14 July 2021. Archived from the original on 14 July 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
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  66. ↑ "Ballinasloe all set for third annual Féile Cheoil Larry Reynolds event". connachttribune.ie. Connacht Tribune. 2 September 2016. Archived from the original on 31 October 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
  67. ↑ "Feile Cheoil Larry Reynolds Cancelled" (PDF). Ballinasloe Life. Vol. 10, no. 3. p. 19. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  68. ↑ "Dinny Delaney Festival". dinnydelaney.com. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  69. ↑ "The Dinny Delaney Festival – Uilleann Pipes Festival – Ballinasloe". visitgalway.ie. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  70. ↑ Murphy, Judy (29 April 2022). "Top musicians for Ballinasloe festival in honour of piper Dinny". Connacht Tribune. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  71. ↑ "Diversity and quality reign in Ballinasloe Strings Festival". connachttribune.ie. Connacht Tribune. 13 July 2018. Archived from the original on 31 October 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
  72. ↑ "Ballinasloe Halloween Zombie Walk 2019 – Garbally Woods, Ballinasloe, Co. Galway". ballinasloe.ie. Archived from the original on 31 October 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
  73. ↑ "Ballinasloe-Life-Issue-53.pdf" (PDF). Ballinasloe Life. Vol. 9, no. 5. p. 41. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020. The weather turned quite nasty for the 20 hours between the first evening and afternoon of the second, so much so that it became [a one night event]
  74. ↑ "ballinasloe-life-issue-58.pdf" (PDF). Ballinasloe Life. Vol. 10, no. 4. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2020. The now annual Zombie Walk has also been cancelled due to the Pandemic
  75. ↑ "About Ballinasloe Town Hall". ballinasloetownhall.com. Retrieved 7 May 2022. The theatre hosts local groups including Ballinasloe Panto's week long Christmas Panto
  76. ↑ "'Aladdin' auditions as Ballinasloe announce pantomime details". Athlone Advertiser. 13 September 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  77. ↑ "Ballinasloe Panto to hold auditions for 'Sleeping Beauty'". Athlone Advertiser. 7 September 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  78. ↑ "Rapunuzel – B'sloe Panto's offering this Christmas is not to be missed!". ballinasloe.ie. 12 December 2019. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  79. ↑ "Panto Heralds Return Of Normal Christmas". ballinasloe.ie. 26 November 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
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  81. ↑ Clancy, John Joseph (1899). A handbook of local government in Ireland: containing an explanatory introduction to the Local Government (Ireland) Act, 1898: together with the text of the act, the orders in Council, and the rules made thereunder relating to county council, rural district council, and guardian's elections: with an index. Dublin: Sealy, Bryers and Walker. p. 424.
  82. ↑ Local Government Act 2001, 6th Sch.: Local Government Areas (Towns) (No. 37 of 2001, 6th Sch.). Enacted on 21 July 2001. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 3 August 2022.
  83. ↑ Local Government Reform Act 2014, s. 24: Dissolution of town councils and transfer date (No. 1 of 2014, s. 24). Enacted on 27 January 2014. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 21 May 2022.
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