Bardia
البردية
Town
The Port of Bardia
The Port of Bardia
Bardia is located in Libya
Bardia
Bardia
Location in Libya
Coordinates: 31°45′36″N 25°04′30″E / 31.76000°N 25.07500°E / 31.76000; 25.07500
CountryLibya
RegionCyrenaica
DistrictButnan
Elevation
[1]
85 ft (26 m)
Population
 (2004)[1]
 • Total9,149
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)

Bardia,[2] also El Burdi or Bardiyah[3] (Arabic: البردية, romanized: al-Bardiyya or Arabic: البردي, romanized: al-Burdiyy) is a Mediterranean seaport in the Butnan District of eastern Libya, located near the border with Egypt. It is also occasionally called Bórdi Slemán.[4]

History

An old mosque in Bardia

In Roman times the town was known as Petras Maior.[5]

During World War I, German U-boats made several landings in the port of Bardia in support of the Senussi order during the Senussi Campaign.[6]

During World War II, it was the site of a major Italian fortification, invested by the XXIII Corps under the command of General Annibale Bergonzoli.[7] On 21 June 1940, the town was bombarded by the 7th Cruiser Squadron of the Mediterranean Fleet. The bombardment force consisted of the French battleship Lorraine, British cruisers HMS Orion and HMS Neptune, the Australian cruiser HMAS Sydney, and the destroyers HMS Dainty, Decoy, Hasty, and HMAS Stuart.[8][9]: 29  The bombardment caused minimal damage. The town was taken during Operation Compass by Commonwealth forces consisting mainly of the Australian 6th Division in fighting over 3–5 January 1941 at the Battle of Bardia.

The Axis later reoccupied the town and set up a prisoner of war camp there. On 2 January 1942, Bardia was re-taken by the South African 2nd Infantry Division, led by 1st Battalion, Royal Durban Light Infantry,[10] supported by the New Zealand Divisional Cavalry Regiment[11] and also the South African 2nd Anti-Aircraft Brigade (Light Anti-Aircraft).[12] The South Africans lost approximately 160 men,[10] and the operation freed about 1,150[10] Allied prisoners of war (including 650 New Zealanders) and took some 8,500 Axis prisoners (German and Italian).[13]: 149–168 [10]

Bardia again changed hands in June 1942, being re-occupied by Axis forces for a third time, but was abandoned without contest in November following the Allied victory at El Alamein.[11]

Bardia is the location of the Bardia Mural, finished in 1942.[14]

References

  1. 1 2 "Bardiyah". Wolfram|Alpha Knowledgebase. Champaign, IL: Wolfram Research. 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2018 – via Wolfram|Alpha.
  2. ↑ Bardīyah (Approved)) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  3. ↑ "Bardiyah". Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.). Columbia University Press. 26 May 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2023 – via Encyclopedia.com.
  4. ↑ Bórdi Slemán (Variant) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  5. ↑ Stern, Robert Cecil (2007) The hunter hunted: submarine versus submarine : encounters from World War I Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, note 15 of Chapter 13, page 205, from page 94, ISBN 978-1-59114-379-6
  6. ↑ Hans Werner Neulen: Feldgrau in Jerusalem. 2. Aufl., Universitas, München 2002, S. 100 ff., ISBN 3-8004-1437-6.
  7. ↑ Collier, Richard (1977) The War in the Desert Time-Life Books, Alexandria, Virginia, p. 29, ISBN 0-7835-5721-3 and Time-Life Books (1990) Afrikakorps Time-Life Books, Alexandria, Virginia, p. 15, ISBN 0-8094-6983-9
  8. ↑ "HMAS Sydney Memorial: Lost with All Hands". Archived from the original on 2015-04-27.
  9. ↑ Rohwer, Jürgen; Hümmelchen, Gerhard (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-119-8.
  10. 1 2 3 4 U.S. War Department, WWII (25 July 1942). "The British Capture of Bardia (December 1941 – January 1942): A Successful Infantry-Tank Attack". Lone Sentry. Washington, DC: Military Intelligence Service, Information Bulletin No. 21. p. MID 461. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
  11. 1 2 "Battle of Bardia". Australian Military Units. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  12. ↑ Personal account of battle by Ron Myburgh's (as yet unpublished) memoirs.
  13. ↑ Loughman, R. J. M. (1963). "Chapter 9: The Capture of Bardia". Divisional Cavalry. Wellington, New Zealand: War History Branch, New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs. Archived from the original on 2012-02-13.
  14. ↑ Simmonds, Donald "Bardiyah (Bardia) Masterpiece" Archived 2008-11-19 at the Wayback Machine

Further reading

  • Agar-Hamilton, J. A. I.; Turner, L. C. F. (1957). The Sidi Rezegh Battles, 1941. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.
  • Stevens, William George (Major General) (1962). Bardia to Enfidaville. Official history of New Zealand in the Second World War, 1939-45. Wellington, New Zealand: War History Branch, New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs. OCLC 4377202. - history of New Zealand troops in North Africa in World War II
  • Media related to Bardia at Wikimedia Commons
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