Black Creek Drive

400 Extension
A map of Black Creek Drive
Route information
Maintained by City of Toronto
Length3.5 km[1] (2.2 mi)
Existed1982–present
Major junctions
South endWeston Road
Major intersectionsEglinton Avenue West
Trethewey Drive
Lawrence Avenue West
North end Highway 400
(Jane Street)
Location
CountryCanada
ProvinceOntario
Major citiesToronto
Highway system
  • Roads in Toronto
Toronto Municipal Expressways
← Allen Road
(1964)		 Black Creek Drive
(1982)		  →

Black Creek Drive is a four lane north–south expressway or arterial road[2] in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It connects Weston Road and Humber Boulevard with Highway 401 via Highway 400, the latter of which it forms a southerly extension. Black Creek Drive officially transitions into Highway 400 at the Maple Leaf Drive overpass, southeast of the Jane Street interchange. The roadway is named after the Black Creek ravine, which it parallels for most of its route. It features a maximum speed limit of 70 km/h (43 mph). As a municipal road, it is patrolled by the Toronto Police Service.

Following the path of a proposed freeway extension of Highway 400, it was built instead as an arterial road with at-grade intersections by the provincial government. While Metropolitan Toronto and the Province of Ontario sought to extend Highway 400 south to the Gardiner Expressway, public opposition to building freeways into central Toronto resulted in the road being constructed only as far south to Weston Road as a limited controlled-access expressway with at-grade intersections.

Route description

Black Creek Drive north of Eglinton Avenue West

At its south end, Black Creek Drive begins at an intersection with Weston Road and Humber Boulevard, in the Mount Dennis neighbourhood of Toronto. The four-lane road passes beneath railway tracks that carry the Kitchener GO Line and Union Pearson Express rail corridors. It travels north alongside Black Creek, from which it takes its name; Keelesdale Park lies to the east. The road continues north–northwest, intersecting Eglinton Avenue West. Coronation Park and Trethewey Park occupy the eastern side of the road north of Eglinton, while the western side is occupied by commercial and industrial uses.[1][3] Much of this land was a former Kodak plant, marked today only by the existence of Photography Drive.[4] Between Trethewey Drive and Lawrence Avenue West, the road passes between residential subdivisions within the Black Creek ravine. North of Lawrence, the road diverges from the Black Creek ravine. The road is separated at-grade from Queens Drive and Maple Leaf Drive, both of whom cross overhead.[1][3] After Maple Leaf Drive overpass, the route becomes provincial Highway 400 and thereafter falls under the control of the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario, including the interchange with Jane Street.[5]

The road has signalized intersections at Photography Drive, Eglinton Avenue West, Todd Bayliss Boulevard, Trethewey Drive and Lawrence Avenue West. From Trethewey north, the two directions are separated by a concrete barrier, and north of Lawrence, the directions are separated by a set of steel guard rails. South of Trethewey, the two directions are separated by a grass median.[1] The speed limit is 70 km/h (43 mph) for the route's entire length.[6] Although the city classifies it as an arterial road, it is also considered a limited controlled-access expressway since bicycles and pedestrians are banned from using the roadway or paved shoulders north of Eglinton Avenue.[7]

History

Black Creek Drive forms the southerly extension to Highway 400, and was originally intended as part of a proposed expressway that would have connected Highway 401 with the Gardiner Expressway, via the Crosstown Expressway.[8] A piece of a larger plan to expand a network of expressways across Toronto, the route was instead completed as a compromise between Metropolitan Toronto and the provincial government, as part of the larger Spadina Expressway controversy.[9][10] The goal of Metro Toronto was to establish a network of expressways across and into Toronto, including the Crosstown Expressway north of Dupont Street, and the Richview Expressway along Eglinton Avenue West.[11][12] Plans were conceived to extend Highway 400 south from Highway 401 to Eglinton Avenue, where it would join those two new expressways.[13] These plans would never reach fruition, as public opposition to urban expressways cancelled most highway construction in Toronto by 1971.[14]

The proposed route of the Highway 400 extension would have followed Weston Road as well as the right-of-way of the Canadian Pacific Railway, then east along Dupont Street to connect with the Crosstown Expressway at present-day Christie Street. From there it would branch southward along Christie and Clinton Streets to the Gardiner Expressway. Alternate alignments included one following Parkside Drive south to the Gardiner, and one following the Canadian National Railway tracks south to Front Street and the Gardiner Expressway.[8]

The provincial government began construction of an extension of Highway 400 as far south as Jane Street in 1965,[15] which was completed and opened on October 28, 1966,[16] while the remainder of the plans were shelved following the cancellation of the Spadina Expressway in 1971.[17] The provincial government still owned the right-of-way along the Black Creek Valley and agreed to construct it as a four-lane expressway with at-grade intersections (labelled as an arterial road for political convenience), instead of a grade-separated freeway. The Metro Toronto government agreed to extend it farther south to St. Clair Avenue.[18][19]

Fresh from battling the Spadina Expressway, anti-Spadina groups started battling the extension and soon, Parkdale residents joined in the debate, fearing an extension would pass directly through their neighbourhood.[20] Additionally, the City of Toronto objected to the construction of the road south to St. Clair Avenue. A compromise was reached at Weston Road; the 400 Extension would end there, but Weston Road would be widened to support the flow of traffic from Black Creek Drive. Construction began in late 1977.[21]

Black Creek Drive opened in 1982 from Jane Street south to Weston Road. On March 1, 1983, Metro Council performed a land transfer in which the right-of-way for the Spadina Expressway south of Eglinton was given to the City of Toronto in exchange for Black Creek Drive being transferred to Metro, which effectively blocked any southward extension of the Spadina Expressway. Had this not been done voluntarily then the province would have seized the right-of-way and billed Metro for the cost of Black Creek Drive.[22]

In 1989, Metro Toronto initiated a study of the extension of Black Creek Drive south to the Gardiner Expressway. The Canadian Automobile Association has advocated utilizing the corridor's right-of-way to reconstruct the at-grade intersections to interchanges that would make the route a freeway. [23]

Major intersections

The following table lists intersections along Black Creek Drive. The entire route is located within Toronto.[1][24] 

Locationkm[1]miDestinationsNotes
Mount Dennis / Silverthorn0.00.0Weston Road / Humber Boulevard
0.30.19Photography Drive
0.60.37Eglinton Avenue West
0.90.56Todd Baylis Boulevard
Amesbury1.30.81Trethewey Drive
Maple Leaf2.71.7Lawrence Avenue West
3.52.2Maple Leaf DriveGrade-separated overpass; Black Creek Drive continues north as Highway 400
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Google (June 3, 2021). "Black Creek Drive – Length and Route" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
  2. ↑ Transportation Services, City of Toronto 2008, p. 55.
  3. 1 2 Golden Horseshoe StreetFinder (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally. Allmaps Canada. 1996. p. 48. §§ H6–I9.
  4. ↑ Burley, Robert (August 25, 2007). "The end of Photography Drive: A city landmark, and an industry, fade out". Globe and Mail. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
  5. ↑ Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (2016). "Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) counts". Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  6. ↑ Transportation Services, City of Toronto 2008, p. 33.
  7. ↑ Transportation Services (May 19, 2009). Black Creek Drive – Pedestrian Prohibited On Certain Highways: Amendments (PDF) (Report). City of Toronto. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  8. 1 2 "Metro officials would link 4 routes: Downtown expressway loop proposed". The Globe and Mail. September 17, 1966. p. 5. ProQuest 1270404396 (subscription required).
  9. ↑ Sewell, John (October 11, 1984). "Unfinished Business". The Globe and Mail. p. M.1.
  10. ↑ Mosher, Peter (August 9, 1965). "Expressway remains 'certifiably dead': Davis permits Spadina paving, extension of 400 to St. Clair". The Globe and Mail. p. 1. ProQuest 1239475124 (subscription required).
  11. ↑ "The Eglinton Crosstown West Extension completes a missing link: How a decades-old expressway plan will help bridge a transit gap". Metrolinx. December 8, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  12. ↑ Gee, Marcus (May 29, 2015). "The Man, His Highway, Their Legacy: What Toronto Can Learn From Frederick 'Big Daddy' Gardiner". Globe and Mail. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  13. ↑ Don Valley Parkway Extension, Highway 401 to Steeles Avenue (Report). Desjardines. 1957.
  14. ↑ Sewell, John (1993). The Shape of the City: Toronto Struggles with Modern Planning. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-7409-X.
  15. ↑ Smith, Cameron (October 27, 1965). "Interchange Threatens Ruin for 5 stores". The Globe and Mail. p. 5. ProQuest 1270521407 (subscription required).
  16. ↑ "New Section of Highway 400 Opens Tomorrow". The Globe and Mail. October 27, 1966. p. 2. ProQuest 1270526539 (subscription required).
  17. ↑ Shragge, John; Bagnato, Sharon (1984). Footpaths to freeways : the story of Ontario's roads : Ontario's bicentennial, 1784–1984. Toronto: Ontario Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Historical Committee. pp. 89–91. ISBN 9780774393881. OCLC 12554626.
  18. ↑ Szende, Andrew (August 9, 1975). "Davis Says Spadina to Extend to Eglinton and 400 to St. Clair". Toronto Star. p. A1.
  19. ↑ Shephard, Harvey (November 29, 1975). "Ontario to extend Highway 400 as arterial road to St. Clair". The Globe and Mail. p. 59. ProQuest 1239681151 (subscription required).
  20. ↑ Szende, Andrew (December 9, 1975). "Protesters Halt Debate on 400". Toronto Star. p. A6.
  21. ↑ "The Highway 400 extension isn't an expressway, Snow insists". Toronto Star. July 29, 1977. p. A4. ProQuest 1372569946 (subscription required).
  22. ↑ Stein, David (February 26, 1983). "End of the Spadina Saga?". The Nation. The Toronto Star. p. B5.
  23. ↑ Byers, Jim (June 2, 1989). "Tonks predicts big battle over traffic in west end". Toronto Star. p. A5.
  24. ↑ "Toronto Neighbourhood Map". The Toronto Star. Retrieved October 19, 2020.

References

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