Bolsena
Comune
Comune di Bolsena
View of the city with the lake.
View of the city with the lake.
Coat of arms of Bolsena
Coat of arms
Location of Bolsena
Bolsena is located in Italy
Bolsena
Bolsena
Location of Bolsena in Italy
Bolsena is located in Lazio
Bolsena
Bolsena
Bolsena (Lazio)
Coordinates: 42°38′41″N 11°59′09″E / 42.64472°N 11.98583°E / 42.64472; 11.98583
CountryItaly
RegionLazio
ProvinceViterbo (VT)
Government
 • MayorPaolo Equitani
Area
[1]
 • Total63.57 km2 (24.54 sq mi)
Elevation
350 m (1,150 ft)
Population
 (30 April 2017[2])[3]
 • Total3,903
 • Density61/km2 (160/sq mi)
DemonymBolsenesi
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
01023
Dialing code0761
Patron saintSt. Christine Martyr
Saint dayJuly 24
WebsiteOfficial website

Bolsena is a town and comune of Italy, in the province of Viterbo in northern Lazio on the eastern shore of Lake Bolsena. It is 10 km (6 mi) north-north west of Montefiascone and 36 km (22 mi) north-west of Viterbo. The ancient Via Cassia, today's highway SR143, follows the lake shore for some distance, passing through Bolsena. Bolsena is named "the city of the Eucharistic miracle"[4] from which the solemnity of Corpus Domini had been extended to the whole Roman Catholic Church.

History

The Castle of Bolsena.

While it is fairly certain that the city is the successor to the ancient Roman town of Volsinii (sometimes termed Volsinii Novi – New Volsinii – to distinguish it from the Etruscan city), scholarly opinion is sharply divided as to whether Volsinii was the same as the ancient Etruscan city of Velzna or Velsuna (sometimes termed Volsinii Veteres – Old Volsinii), the other candidate being Orvieto, 20 km (12 mi) NE. George Dennis pointed out that the town of Bolsena has no Etruscan characteristics; for example, Etruscan cities were built on defensible crags, which the hill on which the castle is situated is not. The Roman historian Pliny the Elder said[5] that a bolt from Mars fell on Bolsena, "the richest town in Tuscany" and that the city was entirely burned up by this bolt. The population moved to another site, which Dennis thought was Bolsena. The new city was named after the old, hence Roman Bolsena has an Etruscan name. Dennis suggests a number of crags in the area including Orvieto but does not favor Orvieto on the grounds that it is too far away.[6]

Etruscan tombs

A number of Etruscan tombs have been found in the vicinity of Bolsena. Funerary objects from these tombs are now located in Italy and abroad, including a fine collection in the British Museum.[7]

Miracle

Bolsena is known for a miracle said to have occurred in the Basilica of Santa Cristina in 1263, when a Bohemian priest, in doubt about the doctrine of Transubstantiation, reported bleeding from the host he had consecrated at Mass. The Orvieto Cathedral was eventually built to commemorate the miracle and house the Corporal of Bolsena in a reliquary made by Sienese goldsmith Ugolino di Vieri in 1337–1338.[8]

A famed fresco by Raphael and his school in the Vatican Stanze depicts the event.

US Navy base

The United States Navy established a naval air station on 21 February 1918 to operate seaplanes during World War I. The base closed shortly after the First Armistice at Compiègne.[9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  2. ↑ Data from Istat
  3. ↑ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  4. ↑ Maria Gloria Riva (2017). "The Eucharist Sacrifice: the miracles of Lanciano and Bolsena-Orvieto". CulturaCattolica.it (in Italian).
  5. ↑ Pliny the Elder, Natural History, II,18
  6. ↑ Dennis, George (1878). The cities and cemeteries of Etruria. Vol. 2 (revised ed.). London: J. Murray. p. 23.
  7. ↑ British Museum Collection
  8. ↑ Levy, Ian; Macy, Gary; Ausdall, Kristen Van (2011-10-28). A Companion to the Eucharist in the Middle Ages. BRILL. pp. 584–585. ISBN 978-9004201415.
  9. ↑ Van Wyen, Adrian O. (1969). Naval Aviation in World War I. Washington, D.C.: Chief of Naval Operations. p. 60.

Further reading

  • Bell, Sinclair and Alexandra A. Carpino, eds. 2016. A Companion to the Etruscans. Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Haynes, Sybille. 2000. Etruscan civilization: A cultural history. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum.
  • Pallottino, Massimo. 1978. The Etruscans. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Sprenger, Maia, and Gilda Bartoloni. 1983. The Etruscans: Their history, art and architecture. Translated by Robert E. Wolf. New York: Harry N. Abrams.
  • Turfa, Jean MacIntosh, ed. 2013. The Etruscan World. Routledge Worlds. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
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