In special economic zones [1][2] business and trades laws differ from the rest of the country. The term, and a number of other terms, can have different specific meanings in different countries and publications. Often they have relaxed jurisdiction of customs or related national regulations. They can be ports or other large areas or smaller allocated areas.

Terms include free port (porto Franco), free zone (zona franca), bonded area (US: foreign-trade zone), free economic zone, free-trade zone, export processing zone and maquiladora.

Most commonly a free port is a special customs area or small customs territory with generally less strict customs regulations (or no customs duties or controls for transshipment). Earlier in history, some free ports like enjoyed political autonomy. Many international airports have free ports, though they tend to be called customs areas, customs zones, or international zones.

Africa

Tanzania

Mtwara Freeport Zone

Libya

Misurata Free Zone

Liberia

Free Port of Monrovia

Egypt

Eritrea

Morocco

Mauritius

  • The Mauritius Free Port

Nigeria

Although the enabling act came into effect in 1992, the pioneer Free Zone (the Calabar Free Trade Zone) was not fully completed until 1999, and commenced operation after official commissioning in November 2001. Since then, the Free Zones Scheme has been used as a vehicle for industrial and commercial development of the country. Private Sector participation and partnership with the Federal Government and other tiers of government has helped spread the scheme. This has culminated in the establishment of specialised Free Zones and other types of Zones, namely:

Serial NumberNameLocationStatusOwnership
1Snake Island Integrated Free ZoneLagosOperationalPrivate
2Kano Free Trade Zone (KFTZ)Kano StateOperationalFed. Govt.
3Onne oil & Gas Free ZoneRiver StateOperationalUnder Parallel Authority
4Tinapa Free Zone & Tourism ResortCRSOperationalPrivate/Public
5Calabar Free Trade Zone (CFTZ)CRSOperationalFed. Govt.
6Maigatari Border Free ZoneJigawa StateOperationalState
7LADOL Free ZoneLagosOperationalPrivate
8Airline Services Export Proc. ZoneLagos StateOperationalPrivate
9ALSCON Export Processing ZoneAkwa IbonOperationalPrivate
10Ogun Guangdong Free Trade ZoneOgun StateOperationalPublic/ Private
11Sebore Farms Export Processing ZonesAdamawa StateOperationalPrivate
12Ibom Science & Tech. Park Free ZoneAkwa IbomUnder Cons.Public/Private
13Living Spring Free ZoneOsun StateUnder Cons.State
14Lekki Free ZoneLagos StateUnder Cons.State/ Private
15Brass LNG Free ZoneBayelsaUnder Cons.Public/Private
16Abuja Technological Village Free ZoneAbujaUnder Cons.Public/Private
17Specialized Railway Industrial FTZ - KajolaOgun StateUnder Cons.Public/Private
18Imo Guangdong FTZImo StateUnder Cons.Public/Private
19OK Free Trade ZoneOndo & OgunUnder Cons.States/ Private
20Lagos Free ZoneLagos StateUnder Cons.Private
21Kwara Free ZoneKwara StateDeclarationState Govt.
22Oluyole Free Trade ZoneOyo StateDeclarationState Govt.
23Koko Free Trade ZoneDelta StateDeclarationState Govt.
24OILSS Logistics Free ZoneLagosDeclarationPrivate
25Banki Border Free ZoneBorno StateDeclarationState
26NAHCO Free Trade ZoneLagos StateOperationalPrivate

The introduction of free zones has played a large role in increasing the amount of investment into Nigeria. When all the free zones are fully operational, Nigeria is projected to play a large role in expanding export-driven manufacturing activities in Africa.[3]

Asia

Bahrain

China

Hong Kong

Indonesia

Iran

Israel

Japan

Lebanon

Macau

Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone, also known as the Silicon Valley of the East

Malaysia

Mongolia

Pakistan

Philippines

Singapore

South Korea

Taiwan

Thailand

  • Port of Bangkok
  • Port of Chiang Kong
  • Port of Chieng Saen
  • Port of Laem Chabang
  • Port of Ranong

Turkey

SN Name Province Foundation date
1 Mersin Free Zone Mersin 1987
2 Antalya Free Zone Antalya 1987
3 Aegean Free Zone İzmir 1990
4 Istanbul Atatürk Airport Free Zone Istanbul 1990
5 Trabzon Free Zone Trabzon 1992
6 Istanbul Leather Industry Free Zone Istanbul 1995
7 East Anatolia Free Zone Erzurum 1995
8 Mardin Free Zone Mardin 1995
9 Istanbul Stock Exchange Free Zone (İMKB) Istanbul 1997
10 İzmir Menemen Leather Free Zone İzmir (Menemen) 1998
11 Rize Free Zone Rize 1998
12 Samsun Free Zone Samsun 1998
13 Istanbul Tracia Free Zone Istanbul 1998
14 Kayseri Free Zone Kayseri 1998
15 Adana Yumurtalık Free Zone Adana (Yumurtalık) 1998
16 European Free Zone Tekirdağ (Çorlu) 1999
17 Gaziantep Free Zone Gaziantep 1999
18 Bursa Free Zone Bursa 2001
19 Kocaeli Free Zone Kocaeli 2001
20 Denizli Free Zone Denizli 2002
21 Tubitak Free Zone Kocaeli (Gebze) 2002

United Arab Emirates

Uzbekistan

Europe

European Union

European Union free zones:[7]

Albania

Belarus

Georgia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

  • Free Zone Trebinje [11]
  • Free zone Hercegovina
  • Free zone Vogosca
  • Free zone Visoko

Moldova

  • Giurgiulești Freeport[12]
  • Expo-Business Chisinau, Chisinau)
  • Ungheni-Business
  • Tvardita
  • Otaci-Business
  • Valkanes
  • Taraclia
  • Free International Airport of Marculesti

Monaco

  • Monaco Freeport

Montenegro

  • Port of Bar Free Zone [13]

North Macedonia

Тechnological–Industrial Development Zones (TIDZs)[14]

  • 12 Free Zones

Russia

Serbia

Serbia has 14 free economic zones as of September 2017;[17] these are:[17]

Switzerland

Ukraine

  • Free port and free economic zone Odesa
    • 1819-1858
    • Trade sea port of Odesa, January 1, 2000 for 25 years

United Kingdom

The Americas

Argentina

Ley 19640: Área Aduanera Especial para la Isla Grande de la Tierra del Fuego

Ley 24331: Zonas Francas (de Argentina)

The Bahamas

Bermuda

Brazil

Canada

Foreign trade zones:[24]

Chile

Colombia

  • San Andrés
  • Zona Franca
  • Zona Franca de Bogota
  • Zona Franca del Pacifico
  • Zona Franca Palermo

Dominican Republic

  • Mega Port of Punta Caucedo

Jamaica

Panama

Costa Rica

  • Zona Franca Saret
  • Zona Franca Coyol
  • CF Free Zone Park S.R.L
  • Zona Franca Metropolitana
  • Zona Franca del Este
  • Concentrix Free Trade Zone, S.A

Uruguay

  • Carrasco International Airport (Free Airport)
  • Zona Franca Colonia
  • Zona Franca de Montevideo
  • Puerto de Montevideo (Free Port)
  • Zona Franca Rivera

United States

Venezuela

See also

References

  1. ↑ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ОСОБЫМИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИМИ ЗОНАМИ СУБЪЕКТА РФ Масаев С.Н. В сборнике: XIII Всероссийское совещание по проблемам управления ВСПУ-2019 Труды. Под общей редакцией Д.А. Новикова. 2019. С. 1773-1778.
  2. ↑ Masaev S. Destruction of the Resident Enterprise in the Special Economic Zone with Sanctions. Publisher: IEEE. 2019
  3. ↑ "Nigeria Export Processing Zones Authority - Home". Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  4. 1 2 "Law on Economic Zones - Invest Mongolia". Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  5. ↑ http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-document/66546/36027-07-reg-tacr.pdf
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Free Economic Zone". Invest Korea Week 2021. Retrieved 2022-01-15.
  7. ↑ "Free zones which are in operation in the customs territory of the Union, as communicated by the Member States to the Commission" (PDF). 17 August 2022.
  8. ↑ "Gazzetta Ufficiale". www.gazzettaufficiale.it.
  9. ↑ Studios, ICON. "Malta Freeport". Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  10. ↑ "Tax Benefits". www.ibc-madeira.com. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
  11. ↑ "Foreign Investment Promotion Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina". Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  12. ↑ "Free Economic Zones in Moldova". Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  13. ↑ "Montenegro Free zones" (PDF). Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  14. ↑ "Free Economic Zones". Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  15. ↑ Руднев Д. Д., Кулик Н. А. (1915). Материалы к изучению Северного морского пути из Европы в Обь и Енисей. Петроград: Тип. А. Э. Коллинс. pp. 3–4, 57–59.
  16. ↑ "Федеральный закон Российской Федерации от 13 июля 2015 г. N 212-ФЗ "О свободном порте Владивосток"". Российская Газета. Retrieved 2015-07-28.
  17. 1 2 Mikavica, A. (3 September 2017). "Slobodne zone mamac za investitore". politika.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  18. ↑ Segal, David (21 July 2012). "Swiss Freeports Are Home for a Growing Treasury of Art". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  19. 1 2 "Ports Francs & Entrepôts de Genève SA - Rte du Grand Lancy 6a - Genève". Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  20. ↑ "Home".
  21. ↑ Techgroup Schweiz AG. "For global requests". Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  22. ↑ sev_webmaster. "SEV". Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  23. ↑ "Zona Franca General Pico". Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  24. ↑ "Geographically Flexible Foreign Trade Zones in Canada". www.taxandtradelaw.com. 5 February 2018. Retrieved 2021-08-24.
  25. ↑ https://www.calgarylogisticscouncil.org/projects/calgary-region-inland-port/#:~:text=The%20Calgary%20Region%20is%20recognized,major%20cities%20across%20North%20America
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