The Butuan ivory seal housed in the National Museum of the Philippines.

The Butuan Ivory Seal or BIS is an ivory stamp or seal stamp or a privy seal associated with a Rhinoceros Ivory Tusk , dated 9th–12th century, was found in Libertad, Butuan in Agusan del Norte in southern Philippines. Inscribed on the seal is the word Butban in stylized Kawi. Butban was presumed to stand for Butuan. The ivory seal is now housed at the National Museum of the Philippines.[1]

Discovery

Another archaeological piece with ancient inscription, the Butuan Ivory Seal was recovered in the 1970s by pot hunters in a prehistoric shell midden site in Ambangan, Libertad, Butuan in Agusan del Norte. Made of ivory, the object could have been used to stamp documents or goods during trading.[2]

The ivory seal as well as other archaeological materials recovered in Ambangan archaeological sites are proof that Rajahnate of Butuan was an important trading center whose official seal marked the source of commodities it produced and exported.[2]

The "Butuan Ivory Seal" (The left hand image is the seal itself; the right hand image shows how a print from the seal would appear.)
The Kawi lettering reads "Butban". The three square seal style characters are BA, TA and NA; the leftward curl underneath BA is the /u/ vowel diacritic, changing the syllable to BU; the small heart-shaped character under TA is the subscript conjunct form of BA which also removes the default /a/ vowel from TA; the large curl to the upper right is the Kawi virama, which indicates the default /a/ vowel on NA is not pronounced. The three blocks of characters together read "[Bu][Tba][N-]. In both Balinese script and Javanese script, which are descended from Kawi, the word is spelled in a very similar pattern, using a similar /u/ diacritic, conjunct form for B, and virama.

The innovation of substitution of phoneme /b/ with /w/ and sandhi of /wa/ equal of /u/ followed by /a/ can be found in Javanese,[3][4] thus the block [Bu][Tba][N-] related to Butwan and later Butuan.

Dating

Dated 1002 A.D., the seal could have been used for documentation in trading, Butuan was the center of trade and commerce in North eastern Mindanao since 10th century.[1]

There were other notable discoveries like the Ivory Seal and the Silver Paleograph, Gold and tools for gold processing of ornaments have also been recovered from a village site Over a hundred clay crucibles and tools for the processing of gold items were discovered in the area, leading to the conclusion that an extensive gold ornaments industry was located in these areas as far back as a thousand years ago. Altogether, these data demonstrate that Butuan was a thriving international trading port a thousand years ago. This site has a tremendous historical impact in the Asian region.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 24, 2017. Retrieved February 28, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. 1 2 "12 Astonishing Artifacts You Didn't Know You Could Find At The National Museum". Filipiknow.net. June 5, 2015. Retrieved May 28, 2018.
  3. ↑ Zulaeha, Ida; Farida, Lulu April; Rokhman, Fathur (2020). "Phonological and Lexical Shifts Javanese Dialect in Diachronic Studies". Proceedings of the 1st Progress in Social Science, Humanities and Education Research Symposium (PSSHERS 2019). Padang, Indonesia: Atlantis Press. doi:10.2991/assehr.k.200824.247. ISBN 978-94-6239-046-1.
  4. ↑ van der Molen, Willem (2015). An Introduction to Old Javanese. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.
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