Carolyn S. Shoemaker
Born
Carolyn Jean Spellmann

(1929-06-24)June 24, 1929
Gallup, New Mexico, U.S.
DiedAugust 13, 2021(2021-08-13) (aged 92)
Flagstaff, Arizona, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Alma materChico State
Known forCo-discovery of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1951; died 1997)​
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsAstronomy
Institutions

Carolyn Jean Spellmann Shoemaker (June 24, 1929 – August 13, 2021) was an American astronomer and a co-discoverer of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9.[1] She discovered 32 comets (then a record for the most by an individual)[2] and more than 500 asteroids.[3]

Having earned degrees in history, political science, and English literature, she had little interest in science until she met and married geologist Eugene Merle Shoemaker. Her career in astronomy began when she demonstrated good stereoscopic vision, a particularly valuable quality for looking for objects in near-Earth space. Despite the fact that her degrees were not in science, having that visual ability motivated the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) to hire her as a research assistant on a team led by her husband.[2] She went on to making record-setting discoveries in the field of astronomy, as well as being awarded honorary degrees and many profession awards.

Personal life

Shoemaker was born on June 24, 1929, in Gallup, New Mexico, to Hazel and Leonard Spellmann.[2][4] Her family then moved to Chico, California, where she and her brother Richard grew up. She earned bachelor's and master's degrees in history, political science, and English literature from Chico State.[5]

When her brother attended Caltech, his roommate was a young graduate student named Eugene "Gene" Shoemaker. Carolyn first met him in the summer of 1950 at her brother's wedding.[2] After graduating, Shoemaker had moved to New Jersey to begin work toward his doctoral degree at Princeton University. He had flown back to California to serve as Richard's best man. When Shoemaker returned to his studies at Princeton, Carolyn and he maintained a pen pal relationship and later both attended a two-week camping trip on the Cumberland Plateau. They were married on August 18, 1951[6] and had three children: Christy, Linda, and Patrick (Pat).[2]

The Shoemaker family lived in Grand Junction, Colorado, Menlo Park, California, and Pasadena, California, before settling down in Flagstaff, Arizona, where she and her husband worked together at the Lowell Observatory.[6] In 1997, Carolyn and Gene were involved in a car crash in Australia. Gene was killed instantly, while Carolyn sustained severe injuries.[7]

Shoemaker died at age 92, after a fall on August 13, 2021.[8][9]

Carolyn never really considered herself a scientist, although she absorbed a large amount of geology and astronomy from her husband. She was a forthright person, gifted with inordinate patience and a fine sense of humour. Before the Jupiter impacts, a reporter asked her what would happen if all the comet’s fragments were to hit Earth instead. “We would all die,” she answered. The interviewer explained that this was for a children’s programme, then posed the question again. Carolyn’s second answer: “We would all be very uncomfortable.”

— Levy, David H. (2021). "Carolyn S. Shoemaker (1929–2021)". Nature. 597 (7874): 27. Bibcode:2021Natur.597...27L. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02345-5. S2CID 237327519.

Careers

Palomar Observatory near San Diego, California, where Carolyn and Gene Shoemaker recorded many of their astronomical discoveries

Shortly after her marriage, the first job she held was teaching the seventh grade.[3] Unsatisfied with the teaching profession, she quit to raise a family.[3] Mary Chapman, author of Shoemaker's biography for the USGS Astrogeology Center, wrote "Carolyn is a warm, caring, and extremely patient woman, but her skills were better suited for a non-teaching environment."[2] After her children had grown up and moved out, Shoemaker sought work.[3] In her youth, she had never been interested in scientific topics.[2] She had taken one course in geology, but found it extremely boring.[2] However, she reportedly told others that, "listening to Gene explaining geology made what she had thought was a boring subject into an exciting and interesting pursuit of knowledge".[2]

Clark Dome at Lowell Observatory
Gene and Carolyn Shoemaker, 1994

At the suggestion of her husband, she began studying astronomy from a student at Lowell Observatory.[5] Then she began working as a field assistant for her husband. She worked on his search program mapping and analyzing impact craters.[5]

Carolyn Shoemaker started her astronomical career in 1980, at age 51, searching for Earth-crossing asteroids and comets at California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, and the Palomar Observatory, San Diego, California.[10] That year, Shoemaker was hired at the United States Geological Survey (USGS) as a visiting scientist in the astronomy branch, and then in 1989 began work as an astronomy research professor at Northern Arizona University.[5] She concentrated her work on searching for comets and planet-crossing asteroids.[6] Teamed with astronomer David H. Levy, the Shoemakers identified Shoemaker-Levy 9, a fragmented comet with an orbit that intersected that of Jupiter, on March 24, 1993.[11][12]

In the 1980s and 1990s, Shoemaker used film taken at the wide-field telescope at the Palomar Observatory, combined with a stereoscope, to find objects that moved against the background of fixed stars.[2]

Following recovery from the injuries she suffered in the 1997 automobile crash in which her husband was killed, she resumed her work at the Lowell Observatory with Levy.[7] She was actively involved in astronomical observation work until at least 2002.[2] As of 2002, Shoemaker had been credited with discovering or co-discovering 32 comets and over 500 asteroids.[3]

Awards and honors

The Hildian asteroid 4446 Carolyn, discovered by colleague Edward Bowell at Lowell Observatory in 1985, was named in her honor.[13] In 1988, Shoemaker received the Rittenhouse Medal of the Rittenhouse Astronomical Society.[11] In 1995, she received the Scientist of the Year Award, also from the Rittenhouse Astronomical Society.[14]

In 1996, Shoemaker received an honorary doctorate degree from the Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona and the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal.[2] In 1998, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences named both of the Shoemakers as the recipients of the James Craig Watson Medal.[15]

List of discovered minor planets

As of March 2022, Shoemaker is tied with Takeshi Urata for 80th place on the Minor Planet Center's list of most discoveries with 377 numbered minor planets between the years 1980 and 1994.[16]

List of minor planets discovered by Carolyn Shoemaker
Name Discovery date Listing
2459 SpellmannJune 11, 1980List of minor planets: 2001–3000#459
2511 PattersonJune 11, 1980List of minor planets: 2001–3000#511
2532 SuttonOctober 9, 1980List of minor planets: 2001–3000#532
2586 MatsonJune 11, 1980List of minor planets: 2001–3000#586
2614 TorrenceJune 11, 1980List of minor planets: 2001–3000#614
2686 Linda SusanMay 5, 1981List of minor planets: 2001–3000#686
2705 WuOctober 9, 1980List of minor planets: 2001–3000#705
2742 GibsonMay 6, 1981List of minor planets: 2001–3000#742
2748 Patrick GeneMay 5, 1981List of minor planets: 2001–3000#748
2773 BrooksMay 6, 1981List of minor planets: 2001–3000#773
2834 Christy CarolOctober 9, 1980List of minor planets: 2001–3000#834
2891 McGetchinJune 18, 1980List of minor planets: 2001–3000#891
2906 CaltechJanuary 13, 1983List of minor planets: 2001–3000#906
2918 SalazarOctober 9, 1980List of minor planets: 2001–3000#918
2932 KempchinskyOctober 9, 1980List of minor planets: 2001–3000#932
2982 MurielMay 6, 1981List of minor planets: 2001–3000#982
3025 HigsonAugust 20, 1982List of minor planets: 3001–4000#025 [A]
3107 WeaverMay 5, 1981List of minor planets: 3001–4000#107
3161 BeadellOctober 9, 1980List of minor planets: 3001–4000#161
3194 DorseyMay 27, 1982List of minor planets: 3001–4000#194
3199 NefertitiSeptember 13, 1982List of minor planets: 3001–4000#199 [A]
3225 HoagAugust 20, 1982List of minor planets: 3001–4000#225 [A]
3270 DudleyFebruary 18, 1982List of minor planets: 3001–4000#270 [B]
3285 Ruth WolfeNovember 5, 1983List of minor planets: 3001–4000#285
3299 HallOctober 10, 1980List of minor planets: 3001–4000#299
3317 ParisMay 26, 1984List of minor planets: 3001–4000#317 [A]
3333 SchaberOctober 9, 1980List of minor planets: 3001–4000#333
3375 AmyMay 5, 1981List of minor planets: 3001–4000#375
3430 BradfieldOctober 9, 1980List of minor planets: 3001–4000#430
3553 MeraMay 14, 1985List of minor planets: 3001–4000#553
3554 AmunMarch 4, 1986List of minor planets: 3001–4000#554 [A]
3581 AlvarezApril 23, 1985List of minor planets: 3001–4000#581
3640 GostinOctober 11, 1985List of minor planets: 3001–4000#640
3671 DionysusMay 27, 1984List of minor planets: 3001–4000#671 [A]
3689 YeatesMay 5, 1981List of minor planets: 3001–4000#689
3700 GeowilliamsOctober 23, 1984List of minor planets: 3001–4000#700 [A]
3709 PolypoitesOctober 14, 1985List of minor planets: 3001–4000#709
3777 McCauleyMay 5, 1981List of minor planets: 3001–4000#777
3779 KiefferMay 13, 1985List of minor planets: 3001–4000#779
3792 PrestonMarch 22, 1985List of minor planets: 3001–4000#792
3793 LeonteusOctober 11, 1985List of minor planets: 3001–4000#793
3794 SthenelosOctober 12, 1985List of minor planets: 3001–4000#794
3837 CarrMay 6, 1981List of minor planets: 3001–4000#837
3840 MimistrobellOctober 9, 1980List of minor planets: 3001–4000#840
3846 HazelOctober 9, 1980List of minor planets: 3001–4000#846
3854 GeorgeMarch 13, 1983List of minor planets: 3001–4000#854
3873 RoddyNovember 21, 1984List of minor planets: 3001–4000#873
3880 KaisermanNovember 21, 1984List of minor planets: 3001–4000#880 [A]
3888 HoytMarch 28, 1984List of minor planets: 3001–4000#888
3895 EarhartFebruary 23, 1987List of minor planets: 3001–4000#895
3906 ChaoMay 31, 1987List of minor planets: 3001–4000#906
3927 FeliciaplattMay 5, 1981List of minor planets: 3001–4000#927 [A]
3932 EdshaySeptember 27, 1984List of minor planets: 3001–4000#932 [C]
3972 RichardMay 6, 1981List of minor planets: 3001–4000#972
3977 MaxineJune 14, 1983List of minor planets: 3001–4000#977
3985 RaybatsonFebruary 12, 1985List of minor planets: 3001–4000#985
4029 BridgesMay 24, 1982List of minor planets: 4001–5000#029
4031 MuellerFebruary 12, 1985List of minor planets: 4001–5000#031
4082 SwannSeptember 27, 1984List of minor planets: 4001–5000#082
4083 JodyFebruary 12, 1985List of minor planets: 4001–5000#083
4085 WeirMay 13, 1985List of minor planets: 4001–5000#085
4151 AlanhaleApril 24, 1985List of minor planets: 4001–5000#151 [A]
4153 RoburnhamMay 14, 1985List of minor planets: 4001–5000#153
4171 CarrascoMarch 23, 1982List of minor planets: 4001–5000#171
4173 ThickstenMay 27, 1982List of minor planets: 4001–5000#173
4203 BrucatoMarch 26, 1985List of minor planets: 4001–5000#203
4204 BarsigMay 11, 1985List of minor planets: 4001–5000#204
4217 EngelhardtJanuary 24, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#217
4251 KavaschMay 11, 1985List of minor planets: 4001–5000#251
4253 MärkerOctober 11, 1985List of minor planets: 4001–5000#253
4283 StöfflerJanuary 23, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#283
4327 RiesMay 24, 1982List of minor planets: 4001–5000#327
4332 MiltonSeptember 5, 1983List of minor planets: 4001–5000#332
4340 DenceMay 4, 1986List of minor planets: 4001–5000#340
4341 PoseidonMay 29, 1987List of minor planets: 4001–5000#341
4348 PoulydamasSeptember 11, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#348
4368 PillmoreMay 5, 1981List of minor planets: 4001–5000#368
4379 SnellingAugust 13, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#379 [A]
4401 AditiOctober 14, 1985List of minor planets: 4001–5000#401
4435 HoltJanuary 13, 1983List of minor planets: 4001–5000#435
4448 PhildavisMarch 5, 1986List of minor planets: 4001–5000#448
4450 PanSeptember 25, 1987List of minor planets: 4001–5000#450 [A]
4451 GrieveMay 9, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#451
4487 PocahontasOctober 17, 1987List of minor planets: 4001–5000#487
4503 CleobulusNovember 28, 1989List of minor planets: 4001–5000#503
4531 AsaroMarch 20, 1985List of minor planets: 4001–5000#531
4533 OrthMarch 7, 1986List of minor planets: 4001–5000#533
4543 PhoinixFebruary 2, 1989List of minor planets: 4001–5000#543
4569 BaerbelApril 15, 1985List of minor planets: 4001–5000#569
4582 HankMarch 31, 1989List of minor planets: 4001–5000#582
4624 StefaniMarch 23, 1982List of minor planets: 4001–5000#624
4666 DietzMay 4, 1986List of minor planets: 4001–5000#666
4673 BortleJune 8, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#673
4707 KhrysesAugust 13, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#707
4708 PolydorosSeptember 11, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#708
4709 EnnomosOctober 12, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#709
4736 JohnwoodJanuary 13, 1983List of minor planets: 4001–5000#736
4765 WasserburgMay 5, 1986List of minor planets: 4001–5000#765
4783 WassonJanuary 12, 1983List of minor planets: 4001–5000#783
4791 IphidamasAugust 14, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#791
4792 LykaonSeptember 10, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#792
4805 AsteropaiosNovember 13, 1990List of minor planets: 4001–5000#805
4820 FaySeptember 15, 1985List of minor planets: 4001–5000#820
4826 WilhelmsMay 11, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#826
4827 DaresAugust 17, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#827
4828 MisenusSeptember 11, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#828
4829 SergestusSeptember 10, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#829
4832 PalinurusOctober 12, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#832
4833 MegesJanuary 8, 1989List of minor planets: 4001–5000#833
4834 ThoasJanuary 11, 1989List of minor planets: 4001–5000#834
4836 MedonFebruary 2, 1989List of minor planets: 4001–5000#836
4856 SeaborgJune 11, 1983List of minor planets: 4001–5000#856
4857 AltgamiaMarch 29, 1984List of minor planets: 4001–5000#857
4867 PolitesSeptember 27, 1989List of minor planets: 4001–5000#867
4885 GrangeJune 10, 1980List of minor planets: 4001–5000#885
4888 DoreenMay 5, 1981List of minor planets: 4001–5000#888
4898 NishiizumiMarch 19, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#898
4899 CandaceMay 9, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#899 [A]
4902 ThessandrusJanuary 9, 1989List of minor planets: 4001–5000#902
4946 AskalaphusJanuary 21, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#946 [A]
4947 NinkasiOctober 12, 1988List of minor planets: 4001–5000#947
5023 AgapenorOctober 11, 1985List of minor planets: 5001–6000#023 [A]
5027 AndrogeosJanuary 21, 1988List of minor planets: 5001–6000#027
5028 HalaesusJanuary 23, 1988List of minor planets: 5001–6000#028
5029 IrelandJanuary 24, 1988List of minor planets: 5001–6000#029 [A]
5052 NancyruthOctober 23, 1984List of minor planets: 5001–6000#052 [A]
5120 BitiasOctober 13, 1988List of minor planets: 5001–6000#120
5126 AchaemenidesFebruary 1, 1989List of minor planets: 5001–6000#126
5130 IlioneusSeptember 30, 1989List of minor planets: 5001–6000#130
5143 HeraclesNovember 7, 1991List of minor planets: 5001–6000#143
5144 AchatesDecember 2, 1991List of minor planets: 5001–6000#144
5161 WightmanOctober 9, 1980List of minor planets: 5001–6000#161
5167 JoeharmsApril 11, 1985List of minor planets: 5001–6000#167 [A]
5168 JennerMarch 6, 1986List of minor planets: 5001–6000#168 [A]
5175 AblesNovember 4, 1988List of minor planets: 5001–6000#175 [A]
5211 StevensonJuly 8, 1989List of minor planets: 5001–6000#211 [A]
5231 VerneMay 9, 1988List of minor planets: 5001–6000#231
5259 EpeigeusJanuary 30, 1989List of minor planets: 5001–6000#259 [A]
5264 TelephusMay 17, 1991List of minor planets: 5001–6000#264 [A]
5283 PyrrhusJanuary 31, 1989List of minor planets: 5001–6000#283
5284 OrsilocusFebruary 1, 1989List of minor planets: 5001–6000#284 [A]
5285 KrethonMarch 9, 1989List of minor planets: 5001–6000#285 [A]
5317 VerolacquaFebruary 11, 1983List of minor planets: 5001–6000#317
5325 SilverMay 12, 1988List of minor planets: 5001–6000#325
5381 SekhmetMay 14, 1991List of minor planets: 5001–6000#381
5392 ParkerJanuary 12, 1986List of minor planets: 5001–6000#392
5426 SharpFebruary 16, 1985List of minor planets: 5001–6000#426
5430 LuuMay 12, 1988List of minor planets: 5001–6000#430 [A]
5436 EumelosFebruary 20, 1990List of minor planets: 5001–6000#436 [A]
5457 Queen'sOctober 9, 1980List of minor planets: 5001–6000#457
5511 CloanthusOctober 8, 1988List of minor planets: 5001–6000#511 [A]
5547 AcadiauJune 11, 1980List of minor planets: 5001–6000#547
5551 GliksonJanuary 24, 1982List of minor planets: 5001–6000#551 [A]
5579 UhlherrMay 11, 1988List of minor planets: 5001–6000#579 [A]
5632 IngelehmannApril 15, 1993List of minor planets: 5001–6000#632 [A]
5637 GyasSeptember 10, 1988List of minor planets: 5001–6000#637 [A]
5638 DeikoonOctober 10, 1988List of minor planets: 5001–6000#638 [A]
5652 AmphimachusApril 24, 1992List of minor planets: 5001–6000#652 [A]
5670 RosstaylorNovember 7, 1985List of minor planets: 5001–6000#670 [A]
5720 HalweaverMarch 29, 1984List of minor planets: 5001–6000#720 [A]
5725 NördlingenJanuary 23, 1988List of minor planets: 5001–6000#725 [A]
5726 RubinJanuary 24, 1988List of minor planets: 5001–6000#726 [A]
5731 ZeusNovember 4, 1988List of minor planets: 5001–6000#731 [A]
5765 IzettApril 4, 1986List of minor planets: 5001–6000#765 [A]
5799 BrewingtonOctober 9, 1980List of minor planets: 5001–6000#799
5852 NanetteApril 19, 1991List of minor planets: 5001–6000#852 [D]
5863 TaraSeptember 7, 1983List of minor planets: 5001–6000#863 [A]
5869 TanithNovember 4, 1988List of minor planets: 5001–6000#869
5899 JedickeJanuary 9, 1986List of minor planets: 5001–6000#899 [A]
5947 BonnieMarch 21, 1985List of minor planets: 5001–6000#947 [A]
5953 SheltonApril 25, 1987List of minor planets: 5001–6000#953 [A]
5957 IrinaMay 11, 1988List of minor planets: 5001–6000#957 [A]
5967 EdithlevyFebruary 9, 1991List of minor planets: 5001–6000#967
5999 PlesciaApril 23, 1987List of minor planets: 5001–6000#999 [A]
6063 JasonMay 27, 1984List of minor planets: 6001–7000#063 [A]
6078 BurtOctober 10, 1980List of minor planets: 6001–7000#078
6084 BascomFebruary 12, 1985List of minor planets: 6001–7000#084 [A]
6087 LupoMarch 19, 1988List of minor planets: 6001–7000#087 [A]
6179 BrettMarch 3, 1986List of minor planets: 6001–7000#179 [A]
6183 ViscomeSeptember 26, 1987List of minor planets: 6001–7000#183
6204 MacKenzieMay 6, 1981List of minor planets: 6001–7000#204
6239 MinosAugust 31, 1989List of minor planets: 6001–7000#239 [A]
6282 EdweldaOctober 9, 1980List of minor planets: 6001–7000#282
6372 WalkerMay 13, 1985List of minor planets: 6001–7000#372 [A]
6376 SchampMay 29, 1987List of minor planets: 6001–7000#376 [A]
6398 TimhunterFebruary 10, 1991List of minor planets: 6001–7000#398 [A][D]
6401 RoentgenApril 15, 1991List of minor planets: 6001–7000#401 [A][D]
6436 CocoMay 13, 1985List of minor planets: 6001–7000#436 [A]
6478 GaultMay 12, 1988List of minor planets: 6001–7000#478 [A]
6485 WendeestherOctober 25, 1990List of minor planets: 6001–7000#485 [A][D]
6510 TarryFebruary 23, 1987List of minor planets: 6001–7000#510 [A]
6543 SennaOctober 11, 1985List of minor planets: 6001–7000#543 [A]
6585 O'KeefeSeptember 26, 1984List of minor planets: 6001–7000#585 [A]
6635 ZuberSeptember 26, 1987List of minor planets: 6001–7000#635 [A]
6670 WallachJune 4, 1994List of minor planets: 6001–7000#670 [D]
6740 GoffApril 14, 1993List of minor planets: 6001–7000#740 [A]
6898 Saint-MarysJune 8, 1988List of minor planets: 6001–7000#898
6901 RoybishopAugust 2, 1989List of minor planets: 6001–7000#901 [A]
6909 LevisonJanuary 19, 1991List of minor planets: 6001–7000#909 [A]
6914 BecquerelApril 3, 1992List of minor planets: 6001–7000#914 [D][E]
7051 SeanMay 13, 1985List of minor planets: 7001–8000#051 [A]
7086 BoppOctober 5, 1991List of minor planets: 7001–8000#086 [A]
7088 IshtarJanuary 1, 1992List of minor planets: 7001–8000#088 [A]
7092 CadmusJune 4, 1992List of minor planets: 7001–8000#092 [A]
7112 GhislaineApril 3, 1986List of minor planets: 7001–8000#112 [A]
7119 HieraJanuary 11, 1989List of minor planets: 7001–8000#119 [A]
7167 LaupheimOctober 12, 1985List of minor planets: 7001–8000#167 [A]
7173 SepkoskiAugust 15, 1988List of minor planets: 7001–8000#173 [A]
7344 SummerfieldJune 4, 1992List of minor planets: 7001–8000#344 [D]
7480 NorwanAugust 1, 1994List of minor planets: 7001–8000#480 [A]
7549 WoodardOctober 9, 1980List of minor planets: 7001–8000#549 [A]
7560 SpudisJanuary 10, 1986List of minor planets: 7001–8000#560 [A]
7749 JackschmittMay 12, 1988List of minor planets: 7001–8000#749 [A]
7750 McEwenAugust 18, 1988List of minor planets: 7001–8000#750 [A]
7756 ScientiaMarch 27, 1990List of minor planets: 7001–8000#756 [A]
7778 MarkrobinsonApril 17, 1993List of minor planets: 7001–8000#778 [A]
7958 LeakeyJune 5, 1994List of minor planets: 7001–8000#958 [A]
8021 WalterOctober 22, 1990List of minor planets: 8001–9000#021 [D]
8034 AkkaJune 3, 1992List of minor planets: 8001–9000#034 [A]
8149 RuffMay 11, 1985List of minor planets: 8001–9000#149 [A]
8326 PaulklingMay 6, 1981List of minor planets: 8001–9000#326 [A]
8327 WeihenmayerMay 6, 1981List of minor planets: 8001–9000#327 [A]
8331 DawkinsMay 27, 1982List of minor planets: 8001–9000#331 [B]
8347 LallawardApril 21, 1987List of minor planets: 8001–9000#347 [A]
8356 WadhwaSeptember 3, 1989List of minor planets: 8001–9000#356 [A]
8358 RickblakleyNovember 4, 1989List of minor planets: 8001–9000#358 [D]
8373 StephengouldJanuary 1, 1992List of minor planets: 8001–9000#373 [A]
8709 KadluMay 14, 1994List of minor planets: 8001–9000#709 [A]
8804 EliasonMay 5, 1981List of minor planets: 8001–9000#804 [A]
8817 RoytraverMay 13, 1985List of minor planets: 8001–9000#817 [A]
9016 HenrymooreJanuary 10, 1986List of minor planets: 9001–10000#016 [A]
9022 DrakeAugust 14, 1988List of minor planets: 9001–10000#022 [A]
9023 MnesthusSeptember 10, 1988List of minor planets: 9001–10000#023 [A]
9070 EnsabJuly 23, 1993List of minor planets: 9001–10000#070 [D]
9082 LeonardmartinNovember 4, 1994List of minor planets: 9001–10000#082 [A]
9083 RamboehmNovember 28, 1994List of minor planets: 9001–10000#083 [D]
9165 RaupSeptember 27, 1987List of minor planets: 9001–10000#165 [A]
9172 AbhramuJuly 29, 1989List of minor planets: 9001–10000#172 [A]
9277 TogashiOctober 9, 1980List of minor planets: 9001–10000#277 [A]
9299 VinceteriMay 13, 1985List of minor planets: 9001–10000#299 [A]
9564 JeffwynnSeptember 26, 1987List of minor planets: 9001–10000#564 [A]
9739 PowellSeptember 26, 1987List of minor planets: 9001–10000#739
9744 NielsenMay 9, 1988List of minor planets: 9001–10000#744 [A]
9768 StephenmaranApril 5, 1992List of minor planets: 9001–10000#768 [A]
10028 BonusMay 5, 1981List of minor planets: 10001–11000#028
10041 ParkinsonApril 24, 1985List of minor planets: 10001–11000#041 [A]
10044 SquyresSeptember 15, 1985List of minor planets: 10001–11000#044 [A]
10060 AmymilneApril 12, 1988List of minor planets: 10001–11000#060 [A]
10108 TomlinsonApril 26, 1992List of minor planets: 10001–11000#108 [A]
10283 CromerMay 5, 1981List of minor planets: 10001–11000#283
10295 HippolytaApril 12, 1988List of minor planets: 10001–11000#295 [A]
10332 DéfiMay 13, 1991List of minor planets: 10001–11000#332 [D]
10346 TriathlonApril 2, 1992List of minor planets: 10001–11000#346 [D]
10487 DanpetersonApril 14, 1985List of minor planets: 10001–11000#487 [A]
10563 IzhdubarNovember 19, 1993List of minor planets: 10001–11000#563 [A]
10683 CarterJune 10, 1980List of minor planets: 10001–11000#683 [A]
10739 LowmanMay 12, 1988List of minor planets: 10001–11000#739 [A]
11006 GilsonOctober 9, 1980List of minor planets: 11001–12000#006 [A]
11066 SigurdFebruary 9, 1992List of minor planets: 11001–12000#066 [A]
11277 BallardOctober 8, 1988List of minor planets: 11001–12000#277 [A]
11311 PeleusDecember 10, 1993List of minor planets: 11001–12000#311 [A]
11548 JerrylewisNovember 25, 1992List of minor planets: 11001–12000#548 [D]
11569 VirgilsmithMay 27, 1993List of minor planets: 11001–12000#569 [D]
11836 EileenFebruary 5, 1986List of minor planets: 11001–12000#836 [A]
11911 AngelJune 4, 1992List of minor planets: 11001–12000#911 [D]
11941 ArchinalMay 23, 1993List of minor planets: 11001–12000#941 [D]
12227 PenneyOctober 11, 1985List of minor planets: 12001–13000#227 [A]
12237 CoughlinApril 23, 1987List of minor planets: 12001–13000#237 [A]
12242 KoonAugust 18, 1988List of minor planets: 12001–13000#242 [A]
12675 ChabotOctober 9, 1980List of minor planets: 12001–13000#675 [A]
12680 BogdanovichMay 6, 1981List of minor planets: 12001–13000#680
12714 AlkimosApril 15, 1991List of minor planets: 12001–13000#714 [A]
12753 PovenmireApril 18, 1993List of minor planets: 12001–13000#753 [A]
13057 JorgensenNovember 13, 1990List of minor planets: 13001–14000#057 [D]
13062 PodarkesApril 19, 1991List of minor planets: 13001–14000#062 [A]
13111 PapacosmasJuly 23, 1993List of minor planets: 13001–14000#111 [D]
13123 TysonMay 16, 1994List of minor planets: 13001–14000#123 [D]
13615 ManulisNovember 28, 1994List of minor planets: 13001–14000#615 [D]
13914 GalegantJune 11, 1980List of minor planets: 13001–14000#914
13915 YalowMay 27, 1982List of minor planets: 13001–14000#915 [B]
13937 RoberthargravesAugust 2, 1989List of minor planets: 13001–14000#937 [A]
14429 CoyneDecember 3, 1991List of minor planets: 14001–15000#429 [D]
14827 HypnosMay 5, 1986List of minor planets: 14001–15000#827 [A]
14835 HoldridgeNovember 26, 1987List of minor planets: 14001–15000#835 [A]
15228 RonmillerFebruary 23, 1987List of minor planets: 15001–16000#228 [A]
15276 DiebelApril 14, 1991List of minor planets: 15001–16000#276 [D]
15294 UnderwoodNovember 7, 1991List of minor planets: 15001–16000#294 [D]
15304 WikbergOctober 21, 1992List of minor planets: 15001–16000#304 [A]
15318 InnsbruckMay 24, 1993List of minor planets: 15001–16000#318
15321 DonnadeanAugust 13, 1993List of minor planets: 15001–16000#321 [D]
15779 ScottrobertsJuly 26, 1993List of minor planets: 15001–16000#779 [D]
16452 GoldfingerSeptember 28, 1989List of minor planets: 16001–17000#452 [A]
16514 SteveliaNovember 11, 1990List of minor planets: 16001–17000#514 [D]
16641 EstebanAugust 16, 1993List of minor planets: 16001–17000#641 [A]
16666 LiromaDecember 7, 1993List of minor planets: 16001–17000#666
16669 RionuevoDecember 8, 1993List of minor planets: 16001–17000#669 [D]
17399 AndysantoSeptember 6, 1983List of minor planets: 17001–18000#399 [A]
17408 McAdamsOctober 19, 1987List of minor planets: 17001–18000#408 [A]
17493 WildcatDecember 31, 1991List of minor planets: 17001–18000#493 [D]
18368 FlandrauApril 15, 1991List of minor planets: 18001–19000#368 [D]
18434 MikesandrasMarch 12, 1994List of minor planets: 18001–19000#434 [D]
19140 JansmitSeptember 2, 1989List of minor planets: 19001–20000#140 [A]
19173 VirginiateréseApril 15, 1991List of minor planets: 19001–20000#173 [A]
19243 BuntingFebruary 10, 1994List of minor planets: 19001–20000#243 [A]
19980 BarrysimonNovember 22, 1989List of minor planets: 19001–20000#980 [D]
20007 MarybrownJune 7, 1991List of minor planets: 20001–21000#007 [A]
20037 DukeOctober 20, 1992List of minor planets: 20001–21000#037 [A]
20084 BuckmasterApril 6, 1994List of minor planets: 20001–21000#084 [D]
21062 IaskyMay 13, 1991List of minor planets: 21001–22000#062 [A]
21148 BillramseyApril 16, 1993List of minor planets: 21001–22000#148 [A]
21149 KenmitchellApril 19, 1993List of minor planets: 21001–22000#149 [A]
22294 SimmonsSeptember 28, 1989List of minor planets: 22001–23000#294 [A]
22312 KellyApril 14, 1991List of minor planets: 22001–23000#312 [D]
22338 JanemojoJune 3, 1992List of minor planets: 22001–23000#338 [D]
23452 DrewAugust 18, 1988List of minor planets: 23001–24000#452 [A]
24626 AstrowizardOctober 9, 1980List of minor planets: 24001–25000#626 [A]
24643 MacCreadySeptember 28, 1984List of minor planets: 24001–25000#643 [A]
24654 FossettMay 29, 1987List of minor planets: 24001–25000#654 [A]
24761 AhauJanuary 28, 1993List of minor planets: 24001–25000#761 [A]
24778 NemsuMay 24, 1993List of minor planets: 24001–25000#778 [D]
24779 Presque IsleJuly 23, 1993List of minor planets: 24001–25000#779 [D]
26879 HainesJuly 9, 1994List of minor planets: 26001–27000#879 [A]
27706 StrogenOctober 11, 1985List of minor planets: 27001–28000#706 [A]
27711 KirschvinkNovember 4, 1988List of minor planets: 27001–28000#711 [A]
27776 CortlandFebruary 25, 1992List of minor planets: 27001–28000#776 [D]
27810 DaveturnerJuly 23, 1993List of minor planets: 27001–28000#810 [D]
29133 VargasMay 29, 1987List of minor planets: 29001–30000#133 [A]
29137 AlanbossOctober 18, 1987List of minor planets: 29001–30000#137 [A]
29146 McHoneMarch 17, 1988List of minor planets: 29001–30000#146 [A]
29292 ConniewalkerMay 24, 1993List of minor planets: 29001–30000#292 [D]
30767 ChriskraftNovember 6, 1983List of minor planets: 30001–31000#767 [A]
30779 Sankt-StephanOctober 17, 1987List of minor planets: 30001–31000#779 [A]
30785 GreeleyAugust 13, 1988List of minor planets: 30001–31000#785 [A]
30786 KarkoschkaAugust 18, 1988List of minor planets: 30001–31000#786 [A]
30840 JackaliceApril 15, 1991List of minor planets: 30001–31000#840 [D]
30844 HukellerMay 17, 1991List of minor planets: 30001–31000#844 [A]
30934 BakerhansenNovember 16, 1993List of minor planets: 30001–31000#934 [D]
30935 DavasobelJanuary 8, 1994List of minor planets: 30001–31000#935 [D]
32776 NriagMay 29, 1987List of minor planets: 32001–33000#776 [A]
32890 SchwobJanuary 8, 1994List of minor planets: 32001–33000#890 [D]
32897 CurtharrisAugust 1, 1994List of minor planets: 32001–33000#897 [D]
35056 CullersSeptember 28, 1984List of minor planets: 35001–36000#056 [A]
37588 LynnecoxApril 15, 1991List of minor planets: 37001–38000#588 [D]
37601 VicjenApril 3, 1992List of minor planets: 37001–38000#601 [D]
37609 LaVelleNovember 25, 1992List of minor planets: 37001–38000#609 [A]
37655 IllapaAugust 1, 1994List of minor planets: 37001–38000#655 [A]
43763 RussertMay 30, 1987List of minor planets: 43001–44000#763 [A]
43793 MackeyNovember 13, 1990List of minor planets: 43001–44000#793 [D]
48416 CarmelitaJanuary 24, 1988List of minor planets: 48001–49000#416 [A]
(48576) 1994 NN2July 11, 1994List of minor planets: 48001–49000#576
52266 Van FlandernJanuary 10, 1986List of minor planets: 52001–53000#266 [A]
52384 ElenapankoApril 19, 1993List of minor planets: 52001–53000#384
(55758) 1991 XRDecember 3, 1991List of minor planets: 55001–56000#758
65672 MerrickAugust 16, 1988List of minor planets: 65001–66000#672 [A]
(65688) 1990 VD8November 13, 1990List of minor planets: 65001–66000#688
73670 KurthopfAugust 19, 1982List of minor planets: 73001–74000#670 [A]
79117 BrydonejackAugust 16, 1988List of minor planets: 79001–80000#117 [A]
85158 PhyllistrappOctober 17, 1987List of minor planets: 85001–86000#158
(85165) 1988 TV2October 7, 1988List of minor planets: 85001–86000#165
(85194) 1991 TL2October 5, 1991List of minor planets: 85001–86000#194
(85306) 1994 VL8November 7, 1994List of minor planets: 85001–86000#306
(90777) 1993 XJ3December 10, 1993List of minor planets: 90001–91000#777
(99907) 1989 VANovember 2, 1989List of minor planets: 99001–100000#907
(100008) 1988 QZAugust 16, 1988List of minor planets: 100001–101000#008
(100015) 1989 SR7September 28, 1989List of minor planets: 100001–101000#015
(100016) 1989 SD8September 28, 1989List of minor planets: 100001–101000#016
(100045) 1991 TK1October 5, 1991List of minor planets: 100001–101000#045
(100052) 1991 VP5November 7, 1991List of minor planets: 100001–101000#052
(100085) 1992 UY4October 25, 1992List of minor planets: 100001–101000#085
(129451) 1991 KDMay 18, 1991List of minor planets: 129001–130000#451
(316650) 1987 ULOctober 17, 1987List of minor planets: 316001–317000#650
(363012) 1988 PH4August 14, 1988List of minor planets: 363001–364000#012
(368150) 1992 DCFebruary 26, 1992List of minor planets: 368001–369000#150
(393348) 1988 RO1September 13, 1988List of minor planets: 393001–394000#348
(408751) 1987 SF3September 26, 1987List of minor planets: 408001–409000#751 [A]
(422637) 1985 WANovember 16, 1985List of minor planets: 422001–423000#637
(488450) 1994 JXMay 14, 1994List of minor planets: 488001–489000#450
Co-discovery with:

References

  1. ↑ Mestel, Rosie (July 9, 1994). "Carolyn Shoemaker and 'Her Comet'". New Scientist. Vol. 143, no. 1933. p. 23. Archived from the original on March 3, 2012. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Chapman, Mary G. (May 17, 2002). "Carolyn Shoemaker". Astrogeology Research Program. United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on November 11, 2017. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Carolyn Shoemaker has discovered 32 comets and more than 500 asteroids". The Arizona Republic. August 11, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  4. ↑ Stange, Mary Zeiss; Oyster, Carol K.; Sloan, Jane E. (February 23, 2011). Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World. SAGE Publishing. p. 1344. ISBN 978-1-4129-7685-5. Retrieved June 22, 2018.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Wayne, Tiffany K. (2011). American women of science since 1900. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-59884-159-6. OCLC 702118874.
  6. 1 2 3 "Gene Shoemaker, American astrogeologist". Encyclopædia Britannica. July 14, 2021. Archived from the original on November 30, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
  7. 1 2 Shoemaker, Carolyn (November 27, 1998). "Space-Where Now, and Why?". Science. 282 (5394): 1637–1638. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.1637S. doi:10.1126/science.282.5394.1637. ISSN 0036-8075. JSTOR 2896833. S2CID 130632437.
  8. ↑ Traub, Alex (September 1, 2021). "Carolyn Shoemaker, Hunter of Comets and Asteroids, Dies at 92". The New York Times. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
  9. ↑ "In Memoriam: Carolyn Shoemaker, 1929–2021". Planetary News. August 17, 2021.
  10. ↑ "She's Looking Out for Us". Explorer. American Association of Petroleum Geologists. May 2001.
  11. 1 2 Lang, Susan S. (April 11, 2002). "Comet hunter Carolyn Shoemaker to speak at Cornell April 21". Cornell Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 7, 2018.
  12. ↑ Levy, David H. (July 16, 2014). "Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9: 20 years later". Sky & Telescope. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
  13. ↑ "4446 Carolyn (1985 TT)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  14. ↑ "Remembering Carolyn S. Shoemaker (1929–2021) | U.S. Geological Survey". www.usgs.gov. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
  15. ↑ "James Craig Watson Medal". National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on January 24, 2012. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
  16. ↑ "Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)". Minor Planet Center. January 29, 2022. Archived from the original on January 21, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
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