CER (Serbo-Croatian Latin: Cifarski Elektronski Računar, lit. 'Digital Electronic Computer') was a series of early computers (based on vacuum tubes and transistors) developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute in Yugoslavia in the 1960s and 1970s.
Models:
- CER-10 - 1960, based on vacuum tubes, transistors, electronic relays, and magnetic core memory. First Yugoslav digital computer (developed in "Vinca"-Institute) in (SFRY).
- CER-2 - 1963, a prototype model
- CER-20 - 1964, CER-30 - 1966, - the prototypes of the "electronic bookkeeping machine" for EI Niš and RIZ Zagreb;.
- CER-200 - 1966, series of 18 "electronic bookkeeping computers".
- CER-202-1968; CER-203 - 1972
- CER-22 - 1967, based on transistors, MSI circuits, magnetic core memory, punched cards and magnetic disks. Serie of 3 electronic systems, used for on-line banking operations and data processing applications;
- CER-12 - 1971, "electronic computer for business data processing", based on VLSI technology, wire wrapping boards, magnetic disks and magnetic tapes;
- CER-11 - 1966, based on transistors, core memory, Teletype printer etc. Mobile military computer (used in the JNA (Yugoslav People's Army);
- CER-101 Kosmos - 1973, based on VLSI circuits, core memory, magnetic drum, paper tapes, Teletype printers; Mobile computer in special military vehicles (used in the JNA's V.T. Institute);
- CER-111 - 1975, Mobile military computer, based on VLSI technology, Hard disk drive; Used in JNA until 1989.
Models and types
| TYPE | YEARS OF DESIGN; Principal designers; (End of use) | USERS | REMARKS |
|---|---|---|---|
| #1)CER-10 ‘Vinca’ | 1956-60.; Prof.dr Tihomir Aleksic et al.; (end of 1966) | SKNE-Vinca;DSUP-Tanjug;ETS-N.Tesla; | First yugoslav digital computer; El.tubes,transistors;Electronic relays; Core memories; Paper tapes; Teleprinter; |
| #2)CER-11 | 1965-66.; Prof.dr Tihomir Aleksic and his associates; (end of 1988) | JNA-GS SSNO |
Mobile military computer;Transistors& I.C; Printed circuit plates; Paper tapes;Teletype printer; |
| #3)CER-20. CER-30 | (1963–66);Prof. Tihomir Aleksic; Prof.N.Parezanovic | M.P.Institute; Ei-Nis; RIZ(TRS)Zagreb (Programmable calculators) | |
| #4)CER-22 | 1966-68; Dusan Hristovic; (end of 1975); | BeoBanka-Belgrade; Jugopetrol-Belgrade; Belgrade BVK vodovod & kanalizacija . | Serie of 3 computers; Transistors and MSI; Magnetic core memories; CDC 854 magnetic disks; Punched cards & tapes; Line printer; |
| #5)CER-200.202.203 | 1966-72; M.Momcilovic; R.Drobnjakovic; Miladin Dabic; (1989) | Planika-Kranj; PIK-Tamis; GIK-Banat; Kanal DTD-N.Sad; Jugodrvo Belgrade; Ei-Nis; Jugopetrol-Belgrade; VMA; Mehanografija; Poljobanka Belgrade; M. P. Institute. | Series of 20 computers; Transistors & I.C. (MSI); Magn.core memories; Printed circuits boards, ribbon connectors; PT reader & puncher; Magnetic cassettes; Teletype printer; |
| #6)CER-12 | 1969-71; Branimir Leposavic; Petar Vrbavac; (1997) | Vojvodina Bank-Zrenjanin; ERC-M.P.Institute Belgrade. | Serie of 2 computers;(VLSI);Wire wrapped boards; CDC.9432 magn.disks; ‘Ampex’magn.tapes; Line printer; Displays; |
| #7)CER-101 ‘Kosmos’ | 1972-73; Bogoljub Milivojevic; D.Hristovic; M.Hruska; (1989) | JNA-VTI Institute, Belgrade |
Mobile computer in the spec. military vehicle;(VLSI); Paper tapes; Magn.drum type Vermont-1004; Line printer; |
| #8)CER-111 | 1974-75; Vladislav Paunovic; (end of 1988) | JNA- SSNO | Mobile military computer;(VLSI); wire wrapping; Hard Disk Singer Libroskop; |
CER-Computers Table (author: Dušan Hristović, M.P.Institute, Belgrade University); GFDL and CCSA 3.0 License.
See also
References
- Rajko Tomović, A.Mandzić, T.Aleksić, P.Vrbavac, V.Masnikosa, D.Hristović i M. Marić: «CIFARSKI ELEKTRONSKI RAČUNAR – CER INSTITUTA VINČA«, Zbornik V Konf. ETAN – 1960,tom 1, pp. 305–330, Beograd, 18. November 1960.
- Vukašin Masnikosa:«Aritmetički organ eksperiment.numeričke mašine u IBK-Vinča«, ELEKTROTEHNIKA,vol.8,No 8,pp.xx, Belgrade 1959.(takodje: ETAN-1958,pp. 303)
- Dušan Hristović,Branko Dokmanović:«Napajanje rač.mašine CER«, V Konf.ETAN-60, pp. 315–324, Belgrade 1960.
- Tihomir Aleksić,P.Vrbavac,J.Opačić: «Magnetno-tranzistorski brojački element i njegova primena u brojačima impulsa«,AUTOMATIKA i ELEKTRONIKA,vol.2,No4,Beograd 1962.
- B.Janković,N.Parezanović,S.Rajić,M.Marić:«Analiza jednotakt.prekid.sistema na univ. računarima«,Zbornik 8.Konf. ETAN-1963, tom 1,pp. 211–217, Zagreb,7.Sept.1963.
- Dušan Hristović: »Tranzistorski izlazni pojačavači za feritne memorije«, Zbornik 8.Konf. ETAN-1963, tom 1, pp. 219–225, Zagreb, 7.September 1963.
- Nedeljko Parezanović: «Elektronski računar sa usvajanjem programa«, Zbornik 8.Konf.ETAN-1963,tom 1, pp. 199–204, Zagreb, 7.Sept. 1963.
- Veselin Potić:«Poluprom. memorija induktivnog tipa«, 9.Kon.ETAN-64,pp. 243–246, YU Bled .
- M.Hruška,M.Marić:”Pristupni sistem brze koincid.mem.vel.kapaciteta”,Zbornik 11.Konf.ETAN-67,tom 1,pp. 365–372, Niš 8.June 1967.
- Dušan Hristović: »Računar CER–22«, HPEEA journal, No 10, pp. 5–12, Belgrade, Oktober 1969.
- M.Momčilović,D.Hristović,P.Vrbavac et al.:»Domaći cifarski el. računari CER«, Zbornik Savetovanja:Mehanografija i AOP u preduzećima, pp. 38–58, YU Nova Varoš, 22.May 1969.
- Vladislav Paunović: »Jedno rešenje veze linijskog štampača«, časopis HPEEA, No 15, pp. 31–35,Belgrade, July 1970.
- Vladislav Paunović: »Aritmetička jedinica-AJ računara CER-12«, AUTOMATIKA, No3, pp. 161–165, Zagreb, 1971.(v.takodje Konf.ETAN-1972,str.877-886, Velenje, June 1972.)
- Veselin Potić,M.Šavikin:«U/I sistem CER-12«,AUTOMATIKA,No 3, pp. 166–176,Zagreb,1971.
- M.Momčilović, Miladin Dabić:«Domaći el.sistem za obradu podataka CER-203« VI jug.simpozium o automatizaciji obrade podataka, Zagreb, 1972.
- Dušan Hristović: »MP struktura digitalnog računara HRS 101«, AUTOMATIKA, No3, pp. 173–179, Zagreb, 1972.
- M.Šavikin,V.Potić,M.Timotić,A.Marjanski: «Podsistem čitača-bušača pap.trake u sklopu rač.sistema CER-12«,Zborn.16Kon.ETAN-1972,pp. 865–876, Velenje, June 1972.
- V.Potić,B.Tanasijević:«Organizacija i rešenje sistema memorije na magnetnom dobošu«,Zbornik 17.Konf.ETAN-1973, tom 2, pp. 1030–1035, Novi Sad, 6.June 1973.
- B. J. Kogan,P.Vrbavac et al.:«Gibr.Vičisl.Sistema GVS-100«, Sbornik IPU, Moskva 1974, pp. 5–42; Also:Proc.of the VII.Congress AICA-73, pp. 305–316, Prague 27. August 1973.
- Dušan Hristović,Borivoj Lazić: «Programsko testiranje eksternih memorija«, Zbornik 18.Konf.ETAN-1974,tom 2, pp. 1157–1166, Ulcinj 6. June 1974.
- Tihomir Aleksić:”Logička sinteza digitalnih sistema«,Naučna knjiga, Belgrade 1971.i 1975.(2 editions).
- Veselin Potić,i dr:«Programska detekcija kvarova u disk-memoriji«,Informatika-1974, YU Bled.
- Veselin Potić,Dušan Hristović:«Asocijativna struktura za adresiranje spoljnih memorija«, AUTOMATIKA,No 5-6, pp. 181–185,Zagreb 1976.(also see: 20.Konf.ETAN-76, pp. 1127–1135,YU Opatija).
- Dušan Hristović: ”Interaktivni grafički terminali”,Zbornik ETAN-77,pp. 161–168,Banja Luka,6.June 1977.
- Tihomir Aleksić:»RAČUNARI-ORGANIZACIJA I ARHITEKTURA«,Naucna knjiga,Belgrade 1982,85,89.i 1991. (4 editions).
- Dragoljub Milićević,Dušan Hristović et al.: «RAČUNARI TIM«, Naučna knjiga,Belgrade,1990. (pp. 163–169, see the photographs of the CER computers).
- Dušan Hristović: «Computer History,CER-10«, IT Star Newsletter, Vol.7, No.1, pp. 6–7, Spring issue 2009.
- B.Lazić, D.Živković,Ž.Tošić,M.Stojčev,D.Obradović,V.Kovačević:»50 GODINA RAČUNARSTVA«,Zbornik 39.Konf.ETRAN-95, tom 3,pp. 7–20, Zlatibor, 6.June 1995.
- D.Bečejski-Vujaklija,N.Marković(Ed):"50 Years of Computing in Serbia(50 Godina Računarstva u Srbiji)",pp. 11–44, DIS,IMP and PC Press,Belgrade 2011.
- Vladislav Paunović, Dušan Hristović: «PRIKAZ I ANALIZA RAČUNARA CER« Zbornik 44.Konf.ETRAN-2000,tom 3, pp. 79–82, Sokobanja, 26.June 2000.
- Dušan Hristović:"Razvoj Računarstva u Srbiji"(Development of the Computing Technology in Serbia), PHLOGISTON journal, No 18-19, pp. 89–105, Museum MNT-SANU, Belgrade 2010/2011.
- Jelica Protic et al.: "Building Computers in Serbia",ComSIS, vol.8, no 3, pp. 549–571, Belgrade June 2011.
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