Citrus macroptera
Hatxora sellers in Sylhet, Bangladesh
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Rutaceae
Genus: Citrus
Species:
C. macroptera
Binomial name
Citrus macroptera
Synonyms[1]

Citrus macroptera, also known as hatkhora or shatkora (Sylheti: ꠢꠣꠔꠇꠞꠣ, [ɦat̪xɔɾa]; Bengali: সাতকরা) cabuyao,[2] Melanesian papeda,[1] or wild orange,[3] is a semi-wild species of citrus native to the Sylhet region (South Asia) of Bangladesh.

Some authorities consider C. macroptera to be a taxonomic synonym of C. hystrix (kaffir lime),[4] while others consider C. macroptera var. annamensis to be a synonym of C. hystrix, but not C. macroptera var. macroptera.[5]

Description

Citrus macroptera is so-named because of the large "wings" (-ptera) on the petiole, which is as large as the blade of the leaf.[3] The tree, which has thorns, can reach 5 m (16 ft) in height. Its fruit is about 6–7 cm (2+1⁄2–3 in) in diameter, has a fairly smooth, moderately thick rind, and is yellow when ripe. The pulp of the fruit is greenish-yellow and dry (does not produce much juice). The juice is very bitter, and somewhat sour.[3]

Varieties

The species is sometimes divided into four varieties, or alternatively into three separate species, as follows:[5]

  • C. macroptera var. macroptera
  • C. macroptera var. annamensis Tanaka -> C. combara Raf.
  • C. macroptera var. combara (Raf.) Tanaka -> C. combara Raf.
  • C. macroptera var. kerrii Swingle -> C. kerrii (Swingle) Tanaka

Cultivation

Citrus macroptera is cultivated on a small scale in home gardens in the northeast Indian states of Mizoram, Tripura, and Meghalaya, where its fruit is used for various purposes.[6] A cultivar of C. macroptera var. annamensis is grown in the Sylhet Division of northeastern Bangladesh.[7]

Citrus macroptera is also commercially cultivated in South Africa, Spain, and Tonga. In Spain the plant serves as a rootstock for other Citrus species.[2]

Uses

Culinary uses

In Bangladesh, the thick fleshy rind of Citrus macroptera is eaten as a vegetable, while the pulp is usually discarded because of its bitter-sour taste. The thick rind is cut into small pieces and cooked (either green or ripe) in beef, mutton, and fish curries. The rind is often sun-dried for later cooking and consumption. The fruit is also pickled.

Perfumery

The oil of the annamensis cultivar is used in the perfume industry.[7]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Citrus macroptera". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  2. 1 2 Peter Hanelt (ed.) 2001 Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops (except ornamentals), first English edition. Springer. in Google Books
  3. 1 2 3 Harley I. Manner, Richard S. Buker, Virginia Easton Smith, Deborah Ward, and Craig R. Elevitch 2006. Species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry: Citrus (citrus) and Fortunella (kumquat), Rutaceae (Rue family). pdf
  4. ↑ "TPL, treatment of Citrus hystrix DC". The Plant List; Version 1. (published on the internet). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2010. Retrieved March 9, 2013.
  5. 1 2 Porcher Michel H. et al. 1995–2020 (2007). Sorting Citrus Names: Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (M.M.P.N.D) - A Work in Progress. School of Agriculture and Food Systems. Faculty of Land & Food Resources. The University of Melbourne. Australia.
  6. ↑ S. K. Malik; Susheel Kumar; I. P. Singh; O. P. Dhariwal; Rekha Chaudhury (June 2013). "Socio-economic importance, domestication trends and in situ conservation of wild Citrus species of Northeast India". Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 60 (5): 1660. doi:10.1007/s10722-012-9948-x.
  7. 1 2 M. N. Miah; Sahina Islam; Syed Hadiuzzaman (2002). "Regeneration of Plantlets Through Somatic Embryogenesis from Nucellus Tissue of Citrus macroptera Mont. var. anammensis ('Sat Kara')" (PDF). Plant Tissue Culture. 12 (2): 167.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.