Calder Highway

Calder Freeway

Victoria
–New South Wales
Calder Freeway facing Mount Macedon
General information
TypeHighway
Length558 km (347 mi)[1]
Route number(s)
  • A79 (1997–present)
    (VIC/NSW border–Ravenswood)
  • M79 (1997–present)
    (Ravenswood–Niddrie)
  • A790 (1997–present)
    (Calder Alternative Highway: Marong–Ravenswood)
  • Concurrencies:
  • A300 (1997–present)
    (Bendigo–Harcourt)
Former
route number
  • Metro Route 40 (1989–2020) (Keilor–Niddrie)
  • National Route 79 (1955–1997/2013) (VIC/NSW)
    Entire route
  • Freeway Route 90 (1972–1987)
    (Keilor–Niddrie)
  • Alternative National Route 79 (1986–1997)
    (Calder Alternative Highway: Marong–Ravenswood)
  • Concurrencies:
  • State Route 149 (1986–1997)
    (Bendigo–Harcourt)
Major junctions
NW end Silver City Highway
Curlwaa, New South Wales
 
SE end Tullamarine Freeway
Niddrie, Melbourne
Location(s)
Major settlementsMildura, Ouyen, Charlton, Bendigo, Harcourt, Malmsbury, Kyneton, Woodend, Macedon, Gisborne, Diggers Rest, Sunbury
Highway system

Calder Highway is a rural highway in Australia, linking Mildura and the Victoria/New South Wales border to Bendigo, in North Central Victoria. South of Bendigo, where the former highway has been upgraded to freeway-standard, Calder Freeway links to Melbourne, subsuming former alignments of Calder Highway; the Victorian Government completed the conversion to freeway standard from Melbourne to Bendigo on 20 April 2009.

Route

South of the Victoria/New South Wales border the highway is a dual-lane, single-carriageway road, continuing through northwest Victoria from the Abbotsford Bridge, through Merbein to the major regional town of Mildura, where it is 2 lanes each way through southern Mildura and Irymple, in the state's north-west. Here also it crosses the Sturt Highway (A20) leading to capital cities Adelaide heading west and Sydney heading east. Further south, it crosses the Mallee Highway (B12) at Ouyen and runs south-east eventually to Bendigo. Between Red Cliffs and Wycheproof the highway has a speed limit of 110 km/h.

The Calder Alternate Highway (A790) connects to the Calder Highway at either end – just north of Ravenswood, and at Marong – and provides a bypass west of Bendigo.

For most of its length from Ravenswood to the junction with the Tullamarine Freeway in Melbourne, the Calder Freeway is a four-lane dual-carriageway freeway which bypasses the towns along the former alignment of the highway.

The northern end of the freeway shares a concurrency with the Midland Highway (A300), from Bendigo until south of Harcourt, where it resumes south-westerly to the major regional centres of Castlemaine, Ballarat, and Geelong.

Towns bypassed by, but still accessible from, the Calder Freeway include Harcourt, Elphinstone, Taradale, Malmsbury, Kyneton, Woodend, Macedon, Gisborne, and Diggers Rest.

The freeway ends at the interchange with the Tullamarine Freeway, the main route to Melbourne's central business district to Melbourne Airport.

Within the urban section of the Calder Freeway (between Kings Road and the Tullamarine Freeway), the standard travel time, in each direction, is 10 minutes. (5 minutes between Kings Road and the Western Ring Road and 5 minutes between the Western Ring Road and the Tullamarine Freeway.

The usual peak period travel time, is between 9–13 minutes. However, when there is extreme congestion or roadworks, including being residual from an incident, the travel time can go beyond 13 minutes, sometimes upwards of 20 minutes plus.

History

The passing of the Highways and Vehicles Act of 1924[2] through the Parliament of Victoria provided for the declaration of State Highways, roads two-thirds financed by the State government through the Country Roads Board (later VicRoads). The North Western Highway was declared a State Highway on 1 July 1925,[3] cobbled from a collection of roads from Melbourne through Kyneton, Castlemaine, Bendigo, Sea Lake and Ouyen to Mildura (for a total of 324 miles); before this declaration, the road between Melbourne and Bendigo was referred to as (Main) Bendigo Road or Melbourne–Bendigo Road.[4]

The North-Western Highway was renamed the Calder Highway in 1928, after William Calder, chairman of the Country Roads Board from 1913–28.[5] In the 1959/60 financial year, another section from Elphinstone to Harcourt was added as a deviation bypassing Castlemaine, along the former Elphinstone–Harcourt Road[6] (already having been declared a Main Road by the Country Roads Board in 1937/38 financial year[7]); the previous alignments of the Calder Highway from Elphinstone to Castlemaine, and Castlemaine to Harcourt, were subsumed into the Pyrenees Highway and Midland Highway respectively. The Calder Alternative Highway was declared in June 1983, along the former Ravenswood–Marong Road.[8][9]

The Calder Highway was later signed National Route 79 in 1955; when the Midland Highway was allocated State Route 149 in 1986, it shared a concurrency along the Calder Highway between Harcourt and Bendigo. With Victoria's conversion to the newer alphanumeric system in the late 1990s this was altered to an A79 designation for the highway portion, and a M79 designation for the freeway portion into Melbourne (and the concurrency with Midland Highway was replaced with route A300); the New South Wales section was left unallocated when they switched to the alphanumeric system in 2013. Calder Alternative Highway was signed Alternative National Route 79 between Ravenswood and Marong, and was later replaced by route A790.

Originally, the Calder Highway ran through northwestern Melbourne as an undivided highway, ultimately through Niddrie as Keilor Road and terminating in Essendon; traffic continued south along Mount Alexander Road to reach central Melbourne. Keilor Road – already heavily congested and supporting a tram line – was eventually bypassed by a freeway-standard road in 1972 to terminate at a junction with Lancefield Road (later upgraded to the Tullamarine Freeway), rejoining the Calder Highway at the western end of Niddrie;[10] the freeway-standard was extended further west to East Keilor (the future location of the Western Ring Road interchange) in 1975, and to Keilor by the early 1980s. However, it was not until the 1990s that work began to duplicate the rest of the highway to Bendigo.

The Howard government broadened the criteria under which roads qualify for Commonwealth road funding by introducing Roads of National Importance program in the 1996–97 financial year[11] where such declarations were based on the recognition that roads outside the National Highway system also provide social benefits, and were funded jointly with the States and Territories usually on a 50:50 basis. As a major road link between Melbourne, Bendigo, and the state's northwest, supporting the region's primary manufacturing and tourism industries, the Calder Highway was declared a Road of National Importance between Melbourne and Bendigo in December 1996.[12][13]

The passing of the Road Management Act 2004[14] granted the responsibility of overall management and development of Victoria's major arterial roads to VicRoads: in 2004, VicRoads re-declared the road as Calder Alternative Highway (Arterial #6200) between Ravenswood and Marong,[15] and in 2011 as Calder Highway (Arterial #6530) between the border with New South Wales at Yelta and the interchange with Calder Alternate Highway and Ravenswood Street in Ravenswood,[16] and as Calder Freeway (Freeway #1530) between Ravenswood and Tullamarine Freeway, Airport West.[17]

Timeline of construction

Tullamarine Freeway meets Calder Freeway.
  • 1950–54 – Calder Highway, straightening of the "Hattah deviation", a 21-mile (34 km) circuitous course through Hattah replaced by 14.6 miles (23.5 km) of straight alignment, south of Nowingi, started construction in 1950,[18] was delayed a year in 1952 due to lack of funds,[19] and eventually completed two years later in 1954.[20]
  • 1972 – Calder Freeway, initial 1.2 miles (1.9 km) section of freeway with 3 lanes in each direction, from the Tullamarine Freeway/Lancefield Road intersection to Calder Highway at Niddrie, opened by Minister for Local Government, the Hon. A J Hunt MLC, 21 April 1972, at a cost of $3 million.[10]
  • 1975 – Extended 2 km from The Avenue in Niddrie to Erebus Street in Keilor East, opened December 1974 at a cost of $2.5 million.[21]
  • 1982 – Extended 3.8 km from Erebus Street to Arundel Road, Keilor, with two lanes each direction plus emergency stopping lanes, opened by Minister for Transport, the Hon S M Crabb MP, 18 May 1982, at a cost of $15.5 million.[22]
  • 1984 – Keilor bypass, Bendigo-bound carriageway from Arundel Road to west of Oakbank Road, opened by Assistant Minister of Transport, the Hon Jack Simpson MP, 17 April 1984; the opening of this carriageway completed the bypass of Keilor. The cost of the entire bypass from Erebus Street to west of Oakbank Road was $30 million.[8]
  • 1989 – Gisborne bypass opened 17 March 1989. The 6 km bypass cost A$25m.[23]
  • 1990/1991 – Oakbank Road, Keilor North to Duncans Lane, Diggers Rest. 7.7 km of newly duplicated '2 lane carriageway' opened to traffic at a cost of A$14m. No exact date was given, however VicRoads Annual Reports cover the previous financial year.[24]
  • 1991/1992 – 2 km of duplication completed at Ravenswood during 1991/1992 at a cost of A$1.3m.[25]
  • 1993 – Diggers Rest bypass. $A32m 6.5 km bypass opened to traffic in July 1993, followed by the Vinyard Road interchange in November 1993.[26]
  • 1994 – Ravenswood section. Duplication of the highway completed 'in 1994'[26]
  • 1995 – Kyneton bypass opened to traffic in April 1995, at a cost of A$31m.[27]
  • 1996 – Gap Hill section (Diggers Rest to Millett Road). Opened in May 1996, at a cost of A$32m.[28]
  • 1998 – Gisborne South to Gisborne. 6 km completed at a cost of A$31 and opened to traffic on 3 April 1998.[29]
  • 2000 – Gisborne to Woodend (Black Forest section). 6.8 km section opened to traffic on 17 March 2000. Completed at a cost of A$51m.[30]
  • 2001 – Woodend bypass. 13.5 km bypass opened to traffic on 19 December 2001. The total cost of the project was A$85m.[31]
  • 2003 – Carlsruhe section. 6.5 km section opened to traffic on 16 April 2003, at a cost of A$46m. This section completed the dual carriageways from Keilor to Kyneton.[32]
  • 2005 – 2.5 km north of Kyneton completed in January 2005.[33]
  • 2005 – Ravenswood. 6.5 km duplication south of Ravenswood completed in May 2005[33]
  • 2008 – 15 km Malmsbury section opened in April 2008.[34]
  • 2009 – Harcourt North to Elphinstone opened on 20 April 2009. This 19 km section cost A$404m and completed the duplication of the highway between Melbourne and Bendigo. The project was jointly funded by the state and federal governments.[35]
  • 2012 – Kings Road interchange, opened in January 2012, at a cost of $62 million, jointly funded by state and federal governments.[36]
  • 2018 – Ravenswood (Calder Highway, Calder Freeway and Calder Alternative Highway) interchange, reconstruction started May 2016 and completed in March 2018, at a cost of $86 million, jointly funded by state and federal governments.[37][38]

1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan

The Calder Highway between the Melton Highway and the Western Ring Road is shown in the 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan as part of the F4 Freeway corridor, which extends past the Tullamarine Freeway and Bell Street to Templestowe.

Upgrades

Western Ring Road to Kings Road

In 2008, VicRoads completed the widening of the Calder Freeway from the Western Ring Road to Melton Highway. The road was widened from 2 lanes each direction to 3 lanes in each direction. The speed limit was reduced permanently from 100 km/h to 80 km/h.[39] The 80 km/h limit applies northbound from Keilor Park Drive to the Service Centre at Calder Park, and southbound it applies from the Green Gully Road bridge to just prior to the Western Ring Road interchange. In October 2010, it was announced that as part of a year long trial, the speed limit on this section of freeway will be increased back to 100 km/h in off-peak times (8pm-5am), with 30 variable speed limits to be installed along the stretch of freeway. As of 2011, the section between Keilor Park Drive and Kings Road is permanently signed at 80 km/h – with slight differences (as noted) inbound and outbound. A further upgrade completed in 2012 resulted in a new interchange at Kings Road (the freeways's urban / metropolitan limits) and closure of three at grade intersections in the area. Despite the upgrade the 80 km/h speed limit remains today.

Major Intersections and Towns

StateLGALocation[1][16][17]km[1]miDestinationsNotes
New South WalesWentworthCurlwaa565351 Silver City Highway (B79) – Buronga, Wentworth, Broken HillNorthern terminus of highway
Murray River564.5350.8Abbotsford Bridge
State border564350New South Wales – Victoria state border
VictoriaMilduraYeltaCalder Highway – CurlwaaNorthern terminus of route A79
Merbein553.5343.9 Ranfurly Way (C256) – Mildura
Mildura544338 Sturt Highway (A20) – Renmark, AdelaideConcurrency with route A20
541336 Sturt Highway (A20) – Mildura, Balranald, Sydney
539335 Benetook Avenue – Buronga
Red Cliffs526327 Millewa Road – Werrimull, Meringur
525326Kulkyne Way – Colignan
Hattah476296 Hattah–Robinvale Road (C252) – Robinvale
Ouyen440.8273.9 Mallee Highway (B12) – Piangil, Swan Hill, Balranald, SydneyConcurrency with route B12
440.7273.8 Mallee Highway (B12) – Pinnaroo, Murray Bridge, Adelaide
430270 Sunraysia Highway (B220) – Birchip, Horsham, St Arnaud, Ballarat
BulokeBimbourie371231 Patchewollock–Sea Lake Road (C248) – Patchewollock
Sea Lake356221 Robinvale–Sea Lake Road (C251) – Robinvale
352219 Sea Lake–Swan Hill Road (C246) – Swan HillConcurrency with route C246
351.5218.4 Birchip–Sea Lake Road (C246) – Woomelang, Birchip
Dumosa291181 Donald–Swan Hill Road (C261) – Swan Hill, Donald
Wycheproof276171 Birchip–Wycheproof Road (C268) – Birchip
275171 Boort–Wycheproof Road (C267) – Boort
Wycheproof South269167 St Arnaud–Wycheproof Road (C271) – St Arnaud
Charlton246153 Borung Highway (C239) – Donald
245152 Charlton–St Arnaud Road (C272) – St Arnaud
244152 Boort–Charlton Road (C266) – Boort, Kerang
LoddonWedderburn213.7132.8 Boort–Wedderburn Road (C273) – Boort, KerangConcurrency with route C273
213.5132.7 Logan–Wedderburn Road (C273) – Logan, St Arnaud
Bridgewater178111 Bridgewater–Dunolly Road (C274 south) – Dunolly, Maryborough
Bridgewater–Serpentine Road (C274 north) – Serpentine, Kerang
177110 Bridgewater–Maldon Road (C282) – Maldon, Castlemaine
Greater BendigoMarong15596 Calder Alternative Highway (A790) – Ravenswood, to Wimmera Highway – St Arnaud, Horsham
Golden Square15596 Golden Square–Long Gully Road (C323) – Golden Square, Long Gully, Eaglehawk
Ironbark15395 Loddon Valley Highway (B260) – Eaglehawk, Kerang
152.494.7 Eaglehawk Road – White Hills, Echuca, Shepparton
Bendigo15093 Don Street (A79 north) – Marong
High Street (Midland Highway) (A79 west/A300 west, east) – Bendigo city centre
Myrtle Street (C331 south) – Quarry Hill, Flora Hill		Calder Highway continues north along Don Street, west along High Street
Northern terminus of concurrency with route A300
Golden Square147.491.6 Oak Street (Bendigo ring route) (C323 north/C353 south) – Long Gully, Eaglehawk, Quarry Hill, Strathdale
Kangaroo Flat14590 Bendigo–Maryborough Road (C277) – Maryborough
Ravenswood00.0 Calder Alternative Highway (A790 northwest) – Marong, MilduraContinues north as Calder Highway (route A79), south as Calder Freeway (route M79)
Mount AlexanderRavenswood South–Harcourt North boundary8.15.0Harmony Way – Harcourt, Elphinstone
Fogartys Gap Road (west) – Maldon		At-grade intersection
Barkers Creek–Harcourt boundary13.98.6 Midland Highway (A300 south-west) – Harcourt, Castlemaine, BallaratSouthern terminus of concurrency with route A300
Elphinstone26.416.4 Pyrenees Highway (B180) – Castlemaine, Metcalfe
Macedon RangesMalmsbury41.125.5 Old Calder Highway (C794) – Malmsbury, Taradale, Elphinstone
Malmsbury East Road (east) – Greenhill
Kyneton44.327.5 Burton Avenue (C793) – KynetonAt-grade intersection
49.430.7 Edgecombe Road (C326 north) – Kyneton, Heathcote
51.431.9 Bourke Street (C793 west) – Kyneton
Trio Road (east) – Carlsruhe		North west bound exit and south east bound entrance only
Carlsruhe56.535.1Springvale Road – Carlsruhe
Woodend North60.137.3 Macedon–Woodend Road (C792) – WoodendSouth-eastbound exit and north west bound entrance only
Woodend64.940.3 Lancefield–Woodend Road (C324) – Lancefield, Woodend
Macedon72.344.9 Macedon–Woodend Road (C792) – Macedon, Woodend
78.348.7 Mount Macedon Road (C322 northeast) – Mount Macedon
Macedon–Woodend Road (C792 northwest) – Macedon		North-westbound exit and south east bound entrance only
Gisborne–New Gisborne boundary80.750.1 Station Road (C708 north/C791 south) – Riddells Creek, Gisborne, Bacchus Marsh, Melton
Gisborne83.651.9 Melbourne Road (C791 west) – Gisborne
Emmeline Drive (east) – Gisborne East
Macedon Ranges–Hume boundaryGisborne South–Sunbury boundary89.755.7Couangalt Road (west) – Gisborne South
Mundy Road (east) – Sunbury
Hume–Melton boundarySunbury–Diggers Rest boundary94.758.8 Gap Road (C707) – Sunbury
99.661.9 Vineyard Road (C706) – Sunbury, Diggers Rest
Diggers Rest102.863.9Bulla–Diggers Rest Road – Bulla, Diggers Rest
BrimbankCalder Park–Keilor North boundary106.2–
107.1		66.0–
66.5		Holden Road (west) – Toolern ValeNorth-westbound exit and entrance only; north west bound and south east bound access to service centres
108.067.1Organ Pipes Road – Organ Pipes National ParkAt-grade intersection
108.867.6Calder Park Drive – Calder ParkNorth-eastbound exit and entrance only
Keilor North–Taylors Lakes boundary110.668.7 Kings Road (Metro Route 77) – Taylors Lakes, Deer Park, Laverton
Keilor North–Keilor Lodge boundary112.569.9 Sunshine Avenue (Metro Route 41) – Taylors LakesNorth-eastbound exit and entrance only
Keilor113.870.7 Melton Highway (C754) – Taylors Lakes, MeltonPartial Y interchange: north east bound exit and south-westbound entrance only
115.571.8 Green Gully Road (Metro Route 40 south) – Keilor, St Albans
Arundel Road (north) – Tullamarine		North-westbound exit and south east bound entrance only
Keilor Park–Keilor East boundary117.873.2 Keilor Park Drive (Metro Route 39), to Western Ring Road (M80) – Keilor Park, Avondale Heights, Avalon AirportNo north west bound exit
118.773.8 Western Ring Road (M80) – Seymour, Geelong, Ballarat, Melbourne and Avalon AirportsPartial turbine interchange
North-westbound exit to Western Ring Road south-westbound, north-westbound entrance from Western Ring Road south-westbound only
South-eastbound exit to Western Ring Road north-eastbound, south-eastbound entrance from Western Ring Road north-eastbound
Access from north west bound exit to Keilor Park Drive
Moonee ValleyKeilor East–Airport West boundary119.674.3Woorite Place – Keilor East, Airport WestNorth-westbound exit and south east bound entrance only
Airport West–Niddrie boundary120.674.9Fullarton Road (south) – Niddrie
McNamara Avenue – Airport West		North-eastbound entrance and exit only
120.975.1Keilor Road – NiddrieSouth-westbound entrance and exit only
121.375.4 Bulla Road (Metro Route 37) – EssendonSouth-westbound exit and north east bound entrance only
Airport West–Niddrie–Essendon Fields–Essendon North quadripoint122.275.9 Tullamarine Freeway (M2) – MelbournePartial Y interchange: eastbound exit and westbound entrance only

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Calder Highway.
  1. 1 2 3 Google (13 January 2022). "Calder Highway/Freeway" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  2. ↑ State of Victoria, An Act to make further provision with respect to Highways and Country Roads Motor Cars and Traction Engines and for other purposes 30 December 1924
  3. ↑ "Country Roads Board Victoria. Twelfth Annual Report: for the year ended 30 June 1925". Country Roads Board of Victoria. Melbourne: Victorian Government Library Service. 31 December 1925. p. 3.
  4. ↑ "Country Roads Board Victoria. Second Annual Report". Country Roads Board of Victoria. Melbourne: Victorian Government Library Service. 1 November 1915. pp. 11, 20, 25, 75, 77.
  5. ↑ "Country Roads Board Victoria. Fifteenth Annual Report: for the year ended 30 June 1928". Country Roads Board of Victoria. Melbourne: Victorian Government Library Service. 31 December 1928. p. 8.
  6. ↑ "Country Roads Board Victoria. Forty-Seventh Annual Report: for the year ended 30 June 1960". Country Roads Board of Victoria. Melbourne: Victorian Government Library Service. 21 November 1960. pp. 7–8.
  7. ↑ "Country Roads Board Victoria. Twenty-Fifth Annual Report: for the year ended 30 June 1938". Country Roads Board of Victoria. Melbourne: Victorian Government Library Service. 24 November 1938. p. 14.
  8. 1 2 "Road Construction Authority of Victoria. Annual Report for the year ended 30 June 1984". Road Construction Authority of Victoria. Melbourne: Victorian Government Library Service. 21 December 1984. pp. 10, 54.
  9. ↑ "Victorian Government Gazette". State Library of Victoria. 30 June 1983. p. 1972. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  10. 1 2 "Country Roads Board Victoria. Fifty-Ninth Report: for the year ended 30 June 1972". Country Roads Board of Victoria. Melbourne: Victorian Government Library Service. 1 November 1972. p. 5.
  11. ↑ Australia Parliament House. "Commonwealth Road Funding Since 1990 (Updated 1 March 2004)". Parliament of Australia. Archived from the original on 19 May 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  12. ↑ "VicRoads Annual Report 1996-97". VicRoads. Melbourne: Victorian Government Library Service. 27 August 1997. p. 16.
  13. ↑ Department of Transport and Regional Services. "Roads of National Importance: Calder Highway". DOTARS. Archived from the original on 26 May 2004. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  14. ↑ State Government of Victoria. "Road Management Act 2004" (PDF). Government of Victoria. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  15. ↑ VicRoads. "VicRoads – Register of Public Roads (Part A) 2015" (PDF). Government of Victoria. p. 961. Archived from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  16. 1 2 VicRoads. "VicRoads – Register of Public Roads (Part A) 2015" (PDF). Government of Victoria. pp. 986–7. Archived from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  17. 1 2 VicRoads. "VicRoads – Register of Public Roads (Part A) 2015" (PDF). Government of Victoria. pp. 31–5. Archived from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  18. ↑ "Country Roads Board Victoria. Thirty-Seventh Annual Report: for the year ended 30 June 1950". Country Roads Board of Victoria. Melbourne: Victorian Government Library Service. 4 December 1950. p. 10.
  19. ↑ "Country Roads Board Victoria. Thirty-Ninth Annual Report: for the year ended 30 June 1952". Country Roads Board of Victoria. Melbourne: Victorian Government Library Service. 22 December 1952. p. 23.
  20. ↑ "Country Roads Board Victoria. Forty-First Annual Report: for the year ended 30 June 1954". Country Roads Board of Victoria. Melbourne: Victorian Government Library Service. 25 October 1954. p. 18.
  21. ↑ "Country Roads Board Victoria. Sixty-Second Annual Report: for the year ended 30 June 1975". Country Roads Board of Victoria. Melbourne: Victorian Government Library Service. 3 November 1975. p. 5.
  22. ↑ "Country Roads Board Victoria. Sixty-Ninth Annual Report: for the year ended 30 June 1982". Country Roads Board of Victoria. Melbourne: Victorian Government Library Service. 30 November 1982. p. 1.
  23. ↑ Road Construction Authority Victoria. Annual Report 1988-1989, Kew, Victoria: Road Construction Authority, Victoria, 1989. p. 46
  24. ↑ VicRoads. VicRoads Annual Report, 1990–1991, Kew, Victoria: VicRoads, 1991, p. 37
  25. ↑ VicRoads. VicRoads Annual Report, 1991–1992, Kew, Victoria: VicRoads, 1992, p. 42
  26. 1 2 Vicroads. Vicroads Annual Report 1993-94, Kew, Victoria: Vicroads, 1994, p. 16
  27. ↑ Vicroads. Vicroads Annual Report 1994-95, Kew, Victoria: Vicroads, 1995, p. 9
  28. ↑ Vicroads. Vicroads Annual Report 1995-96, Kew, Victoria: Vicroads, 1996, p. 15
  29. ↑ Vicroads. Vicroads Annual Report 1997-98, Kew, Victoria: Vicroads, 1998, p. 33
  30. ↑ Vicroads. Vicroads Annual Report 2000-01, Kew, Victoria: Vicroads, 2000, p. 27
  31. ↑ Vicroads. Vicroads Annual Report 2001-02, Kew, Victoria: Vicroads, 2002, p. 33
  32. ↑ Vicroads. Vicroads Annual Report 2002-03, Kew, Victoria: Vicroads, 2003, p. 13
  33. 1 2 Vicroads. Vicroads Annual Report 2004-05, Kew, Victoria: Vicroads, 2005, p. 33
  34. ↑ VicRoads. VicRoads Annual Report 2007-08, Kew, Victoria: VicRoads, 2008, p. 35
  35. ↑ VicRoads. VicRoads Annual Report 2008-09, Kew, Victoria: VicRoads, 2009, p. 41
  36. ↑ "VicRoads Annual Report 2011-12". VicRoads. Melbourne: Victorian Government Library Service. 18 September 2012. p. 6.
  37. ↑ Luke Donnellan, Minister for Roads and Road Safety, Government of Victoria (1 April 2016). "New Ravenswood Interchange moving ahead with CPB contractors". Archived from the original on 6 January 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  38. ↑ "VicRoads Annual Report 2017-18". VicRoads. Melbourne: Victorian Government Library Service. 18 September 2018. p. 15.
  39. ↑ Gardiner, Ashley (12 June 2008). "Freeway slowdown to ease traffic jams in Melbourne". Herald Sun. Retrieved 1 July 2008.
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