Cathaica fasciola
Temporal range:
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Order: Stylommatophora
Family: Camaenidae
Genus: Cathaica
Species:
C. fasciola
Binomial name
Cathaica fasciola
Synonyms

Helix fasciola Draparnaud, 1801
Eulota fasciola (Draparnaud, 1801)

Cathaica fasciola is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae, which is similar to Cathaica pyrrhozona on shell morphology.[2]

Taxonomy

This species was described under the name Helix fasciola by French naturalist Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud in 1801.[1]

Distribution

This species is widely distributed in China.[3][4]

It is also known from Pliocene of Xifeng Red Clay (4.5 Ma - 3.4 Ma) in the Chinese Loess Plateau.[5] Other localities include Lower Pliocene Red Clay of Shueh-hwa-shan in Hebei Province; Pleistocene Red clay of Fenho, Shanxi Province; near Honanfu in Henan Province; near Tung-ho and in Tsing-ling-shan in Shaanxi Province; near Ta-ho in Gansu Province.[6]

Draparnaud listed "France: La Rochelle" as the type locality.[1][7] This error could happen if Draparnaud did not know origin of imported shells.

Description

The shell is thin,[8] but solid.[4] The color of the shell is white, rather opaque, with a broad chestnut-brown band at the periphery, and a faint brownish band below the suture.[4] The shape of the shell is depressed above and below.[4] The spire is low-conoid.[4] The surface is shining, sculptured above with close rib-striae, becoming more delicate below.[4] The shell has 5½ whorls.[8][4] The earliest whorl is smooth, shining, forming a subacute apex.[4] Following whorls are slightly convex, slowly increasing, separated by an impressed suture.[4] The last whorl is much wider, rounded at the periphery, hardly descending in front.[4] Aperture is slightly oblique, lunate-oval.[4] Peristome is white and thickened with a strong white lip.[8][4] The umbilicus is rapidly narrowing to a narrow, deep perforation.[4] The width of umbilicus is one-eighth the greatest diameter.[4]

The width of the shell is 15 mm.[8][4] The height of the shell is 8.5 mm.[4]

Digestive system: radula and jaw was depicted by George Washington Tryon and Henry Augustus Pilsbry in 1894.[9]

Reproductive system: penis is slender, ending in a long retractor and the terminal vas deferens.[9] Dart sac is large, opening into atrium.[9] There is a dense cluster of about ten club-shaped, glandular mucus glands near the atrium base.[9] Spermatheca duct is long.[9]

The diploid number of chromosomes (2n) is 60.[10][11] Seven chromosome pairs are metacentric, one pair is submetacentric and 22 pairs are telocentric.[11]

Ecology

Cathaica fasciola it is often locally abundant.[12] It was thought that Cathaica fasciola belongs to the cold-aridiphilous and meso-xerophilous groups of species in 2006.[5] However it is considered as a typical species of eurytopic group as of 2018.[13] It is one of main species found in Quaternary loess terrestrial gastropod assemblages in China.[13]

Cathaica fasciola is polyphagous and it causes damage to vegetables, fruits, flowers and other economic agricultural crops.[3] The food preference study of Cathaica fasciola was published in 2015.[14]

It hibernates in winter and it aestivates in summer.[3] It produces an epiphragm during the dormancy.[3]

Parasites of Cathaica fasciola include Dicrocoelium trematode.[15]

Predators of snails Cathaica fasciola include Rathouisia leonina (in laboratory conditions only).[16]

Cathaica fasciola is considered as a pest in agriculture.[3] Most affected areas in China include: Beijing municipality, Zhejiang Province, Henan Province, Yunnan Province and Shanxi Province.[3]

References

This article incorporates public domain text from references

[9] [8] [4]

  1. 1 2 3 Draparnaud J. P. R. (1801). Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. - pp. [1-2], 1-116. Montpellier, Paris. (Renaud; Bossange, Masson & Besson), page 87-88.
  2. ↑ Zhang, Guoyi; Wade, C.M. (2023-09-01). "Molecular phylogeny and morphological evolution of the Chinese land snail Cathaica Möllendorff, 1884 (Eupulmonata: Camaenidae) in Shandong Province, China". Biological Journal of the Linean Society. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blad067.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Zhang, Min-Zhao; Du, Yan-Li; Qin, Xiao-Chun; Zhao, Yu-Jia; Wang, Jin-Zhong; Zhang, Zhi-Yong (2015-10-02). "Study on the behaviour of dormancy breaking in Cathaica fasciola (Draparnaud 1801) (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". Molluscan Research. 35 (4): 213–217. doi:10.1080/13235818.2015.1044886. ISSN 1323-5818. S2CID 86206848.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Tryon G. W. & Pilsbry H. A. (1892). Volume 8. Helicidae – Volume VI. – Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. pages 204-205, plate 47, figures 60-63.
  5. 1 2 Wu, Naiqin; Pei, Yunpeng; Lu, Houyuan; Guo, Zhengtang; Li, Fengjiang; Liu, Tungsheng (2006). "Marked ecological shifts during 6.2–2.4 Ma revealed by a terrestrial molluscan record from the Chinese Red Clay Formation and implication for palaeoclimatic evolution". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 233 (3–4): 287–299. Bibcode:2006PPP...233..287W. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.10.006. ISSN 0031-0182.
  6. ↑ Yen, Teng-Chien (1943). "Review and Summary of Tertiary and Quaternary Non-Marine Mollusks of China". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 95: 267–346. JSTOR 4064348.
  7. ↑ "Species taxon summary. fasciola Draparnaud, 1801 described in Helix". AnimalBase, last change 2008-10-18, accessed 2018-11-11.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Tryon G. W. (1887) Volume 3. Helicidae – Volume I. – Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. page 208, plate 47, figures 57-59.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tryon G. W. & Pilsbry H. A. (1894). Volume 9. Helicidae – Volume VII. – Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. pages 205-206, plate 55, figures 6-7, plate 65, figures 7-8, plate 66, figure 32.
  10. ↑ Sun, T. (1995). "Chromosomal studies in three land snails". Sinozoologia, 12: 154-162.
  11. 1 2 Park, Gab-Man (2011-06-30). "Karyotypes of Korean Endemic Land Snail, Koreanohadra koreana (Gastropoda: Bradybaenidae)". The Korean Journal of Malacology. 27 (2): 87–90. doi:10.9710/kjm.2011.27.2.087. ISSN 1225-3480.
  12. ↑ County, S. P. (2002). 14 Bradybaena ravida (Benson)(Bradybaenidae) in Cereal-Cotton Rotations of Jingyang. Molluscs as Crop Pests, page 316.
  13. 1 2 Wu, Naiqin; Li, Fengjiang; Rousseau, Denis-Didier (April 2018). "Terrestrial mollusk records from Chinese loess sequences and changes in the East Asian monsoonal environment". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 155: 35–48. Bibcode:2018JAESc.155...35W. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.11.003. ISSN 1367-9120.
  14. ↑ Minzhao, Z., Yanli, D., Xiaochun, Q., Guang, Y., Shuling, S., Jinzhong, W., & Zhiyong, Z. (2015). The feeding selection of Cathaica fasciola to 25 different plants. Plant Protection, 4, 020. abstract.
  15. ↑ QUIWEN, T. C. T. Z. G., HONGCHANG, S. Z. Z. X. L., & CHIPING, C. M. Z. (1980). STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF DICROCOELIUM CHINENSIS TANG ET TANG, 1978 [J]. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 4, 008. abstract.
  16. ↑ Wu M., Guo J.-Y., Wan F.-H., Qin Q.-L., Wu Q. & Wiktor A. (2006). "A preliminary study of the predatory terrestrial mollusk Rathouisia leonina". The Veliger 48: 61-74.

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