Shafa'a prayer
Official nameصَلَاةُ الشَّفْعِ
Also calledEven or parity prayer
Observed byMuslims
TypeIslamic
SignificanceA Muslim prayer offered to God after Isha prayer.
ObservancesSunnah prayers, Salah times
BeginsIsha prayer
EndsWitr prayer
FrequencyDaily
Related toSalah, Nafl prayer, Five Pillars of Islam, Witr, Islamic prayers

Shafa'a (Arabic: شَفْعٌ) is an Islamic prayer (salat) that is performed at night after Isha (night-time prayer) or before Witr (odd or imparity prayer).[1][2]

Presentation

The term Chafa'a is cited in the Quran into the Āyah 3 of Surah Al-Fajr:[3][4]

سورة الفجر، الآية 3: "وَالشَّفْعِ وَالْوَتْرِ". ‎

English: by the Even and the Odd.
(Quran: 89:3)

Recitation

It is desirable (mustahabb) in the Chafa'a prayer to recite the qiraat and tilawa of Surat Al-Fatiha and the surah that follows it in a loud voice like a loud prayer, just as it is desirable to recite Surat Al-Ala in the first rak'ah, then recite Surat Al-Kafirun in the second rak'ah.[5]

The jurists have relied on the loudness and the silence in the Chafa'a prayer, as well as the Witr prayer, which is part of the law of God, which requires that the recitation be in the entire night prayer, including Chafa'a and Witr, sometimes loudly and sometimes in silence.[6]

This jurisprudential opinion was based on the prophetic hadith narrated by the Mother of the Believers Aisha bint Abi Bakr in the Sunan Abu Dawood and Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, which reads:[7]

Arabic hadith English translation

Arabic: « كُلُّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ يَفْعَلُ -رَسُولُ اللَهِ-، رُبَّمَا أَسَرَّ بِالْقِراءَةِ، وَرُبَّمَا جَهَرَ. »

— Hadith

English: « All of this was doing -Allah's Messenger-, perhaps he recited it quietly, and perhaps it out loud. »

— Hadith

Imam Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani said in his book Al-Risalah:[8]

Arabic citation English translation

Arabic: « يُصَلِّي الشَّفْعَ وَالْوَتْرَ جَهْرًا، وَكَذَلِكَ يُسْتَحَبُّ فِي نَوَافِلِ اللَّيْلِ الْإِجْهَارُ، وَفِي نَوَافِلِ النَّهَارِ الْإِسْرَارُ. »

— Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani

English: « A Muslim prays Chafa'a and Witr in a loud voice, and it is also desirable in the nafl prayers at night to speak out, and in the ritual nafl prayers of the day the secretion. »

— Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani

Liaison with Witr

Muslim jurists (fuqaha) believe that it is mandatory (mustahabb) to separate the two rak'ahs of the "Chafa'a prayer" by performing the taslim to get out of them, before continuing to perform the only rak'ah for the Witr prayer afterwards.[9]

These jurists considered that the makruh ruling of the Islamic Ahkam applies to the case of joining the Chafa'a prayer with the Witr prayer afterwards without separating them by pronouncing the phrase of taslim.[10]

The scholars of fiqh schools (madhahib) also relied on the rules of the principles of Islamic jurisprudence to determine that it is objectionable (makruh) to limit the performance of the Witr without being preceded by Chafa'a.[11]

Compensation

If a Muslim does not perform the Chafa'a and Witr prayers until dawn and until he performs the Fajr fard prayer, then he must make them up during the day to compensate for giving up on them during the previous night.[12]

Since the supererogatory prayer (nafl prayer) is performed during the hours of the day in a silent voice, the fulfillment of the Chafa'a and Witr prayers is performed in a non-loud voice, as when the Duha prayer is performed in a non-loud voice.[13]

Maliki jurists have acknowledged that the bass voice is a delegate (mustahabb) in reciting the two Chafa'a and Witr prayers, whether he prays them at night after the evening prayer (Isha) or makes up for them after the dawn prayer (Fajr).[14]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "الفقه على المذاهب الاربعة كرتونة 1/5". 22 November 2016.
  2. ↑ "الذخيرة في فروع المالكية 1-11 مع الفهارس ج2". January 2016.
  3. ↑ "holyquran.net". holyquran.net. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
  4. ↑ contributors, Iman Mohammad Kashi, Uwe Hideki Matzen, and Online Quran Project. "The Quran". The Quran. Archived from the original on 2009-01-29. Retrieved 2021-01-24. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ الخلاصة الفقهية على مذهب السادة المالكية. 28 November 2016. ISBN 9789953442686.
  6. ↑ الشامل في أحكام الطهارة والصلاة على المذاهب الأربعة. الكتاب الثاني. January 2017. ISBN 9796500421124.
  7. ↑ "مختصر الفقه على المذاهب الاربعة 1/3". 6 August 2020.
  8. ↑ Islamkotob. "السنن الصغير للبيهقي - ج 1 - الطهارة - فضائل القرآن - 1 - 1012".
  9. ↑ الخلاصة الفقهية على مذهب السادة المالكية. January 2009. ISBN 9782745127136.
  10. ↑ "الفقه على المذاهب الاربعة كرتونة 1/5". 22 November 2016.
  11. ↑ حسن/الكشناوي, أبي بكر (January 1, 1995). أسهل المدارك شرح إرشاد السالك في فقه إمام الأئمة مالك 1-2 ج1. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية. ISBN 9782745103178 – via Google Books.
  12. ↑ التجاني, عمر بن سعيد الفوتي/الطوري الكدوي (January 1, 2019). "رماح حزب الرحيم على نحور حزب الرجيم (تعاليم وآداب وأوراد الطريقة التجانية) 1-2 ج2". Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية – via Google Books.
  13. ↑ Fikr, dar el; Fikr, dar al; الجزيري (6 February 2019). "الفقه على المذاهب الأربعة جزء أول 17*24 fokoh ala mazaheb el arbaa V1 2C".
  14. ↑ النفراوي ،الشيخ, أحمد بن غنيم (January 1, 1997). الفواكه الدواني على رسالة ابن أبي زيد القيرواني 1-2 ج1. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية. ISBN 9782745112194 – via Google Books.
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