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Introduction

Islam (/ˈɪzlɑːm/; Arabic: ۘالِإسْلَام, al-ʾIslām, transl.'Submission [to the will of God]') is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder. Adherents of Islam, called Muslims, are estimated to number approximately 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians. Largely due to having a high proportion of young people, and a high fertility rate, Muslims are the world's fastest-growing major religious group.

Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier prophets, the most important being Adam (ʾĀdam), Noah (Nūḥ), Abraham (ʾIbrāhīm), Moses (Mūsā), and Jesus (ʿĪsā). Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God and the unaltered, final revelation. Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous revelations, such as the Tawrat (the Torah; from Hebrew: תּוֹרָה), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Injil (Gospel). They believe that Muhammad is the main and final Islamic prophet, through whom the religion was completed. The teachings and normative examples of Muhammad, called the sunnah, documented in accounts called the hadith, provide a constitutional model for Muslims. Islam teaches that God (Allah) is one and incomparable. It states that there will be a "Final Judgment" wherein the righteous will be rewarded in paradise (jannah) and the unrighteous will be punished in hell (jahannam). The Five Pillars—considered obligatory acts of worship—comprise the Islamic oath and creed (shahada); daily prayers (salah); almsgiving (zakat); fasting (sawm) in the month of Ramadan; and a pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca. Islamic law, sharia, touches on virtually every aspect of life, from banking and finance and welfare to men's and women's roles and the environment. The two main religious festivals are Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. The three holiest sites in Islam are Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Prophet's Mosque in Medina, and al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.

The religion of Islam originated in Mecca about 610 CE. Muslims believe this is when Muhammad began receiving revelation. By the time of his death, most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam. Muslim rule expanded outside Arabia under the Rashidun Caliphate and the subsequent Umayyad Caliphate ruled from the Iberian Peninsula to the Indus Valley. In the Islamic Golden Age, mostly during the reign of the Abbasid Caliphate, much of the Muslim world experienced a scientific, economic and cultural flourishing. The expansion of the Muslim world involved various states and caliphates as well as extensive trade and religious conversion as a result of Islamic missionary activities (dawah), and through conquests. (Full article...)

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In this month

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Islam in the news

11 January 2024 –
The Islamic Republic of Iran Navy seizes control of the Marshall Islands-flagged and Greek-operated civilian oil tanker St Nikolas in the Gulf of Oman. The tanker had 19 crew members onboard, including 18 Filipinos and one Greek. It was carrying crude oil from Basra, Iraq, to Turkey. (Reuters)
6 January 2024 – Afghan conflict
Five people are killed and 15 more injured during the explosion of a bomb planted by Islamic State members on a bus carrying Shiites in the neighbourhood of Dashte Barchi, Kabul, Afghanistan. (AP)
4 January 2024 – Kerman bombings
Islamic State's Khorasan Province claims responsibility for yesterday's double bombing in Kerman, Iran, which killed 89 people. (BBC News) (Reuters)
31 December 2023 – Cologne Cathedral bomb plot
In Bochum, NRW, Germany, police arrest a fifth suspect in relation to a car bombing at Cologne Cathedral which Islamic State – Khorasan Province had planned for today. (DW)
26 December 2023 – Iraqi conflict
Islamic State insurgency in Iraq
Two men from Kuwait and Saudi Arabia on a hunting trip in Iraq are killed when their vehicle hits a roadside bomb planted by Islamic State insurgents in Al Anbar Governorate. (AP)

Selected biography

Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham (965 in Basra - c. 1039 in Cairo), was a Persian polymath. He made significant contributions to the principles of optics, as well as to anatomy, astronomy, engineering, mathematics, medicine, ophthalmology, philosophy, physics, psychology, visual perception, and to science in general with his introduction of the scientific method. He is sometimes called al-Basri (Arabic: البصري), after his birthplace in the city of Basra. He was also nicknamed Ptolemaeus Secundus ("Ptolemy the Second") or simply "The Physicist" in medieval Europe. Born circa 965, in Basra, part of present-day Iraq and part of Buyid Persia at that time, he lived mainly in Cairo, Egypt, dying there at age 76. Over-confident about practical application of his mathematical knowledge, he assumed that he could regulate the floods of the Nile. After being ordered by Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, the sixth ruler of the Fatimid caliphate, to carry out this operation, he quickly perceived the impossibility of what he was attempting to do, and retired from engineering. Fearing for his life, he feigned madness and was placed under house arrest, during and after which he devoted himself to his scientific work until his death.

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al-Azhar Mosque

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Islam

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Ahmadiyya • Shi'a Islam • Sunni Islam • Hadith • Salaf • Muslim scholars • Islam and Controversy • Muslim history • Mosques • Links Cleanup

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Here are some tasks awaiting attention:
  • Article requests: Prosperos
  • Assess: rate the Unassessed Islam-related articles and Unknown-importance Islam-related articles, tag the talk pages of Islam-related articles with the {{WikiProject Islam}} banner.
  • Cleanup: A cleanup listing for this project is available. See also the tool's wiki page and the index of WikiProjects.
  • Copyedit: listed at Islam articles needing attention
  • Deletion sorting: listed at WikiProject Deletion sorting/Islam
  • Infobox: listed at Islam articles needing infoboxes
  • Maintain: visit WikiProject Islam/Article alerts
  • Notability: listed at WikiProject Notability (WikiProject Islam listing)
  • Portal: maintain Portal:Islam, fill in Anniversaries, update Did you know?, suggest Selected articles and Selected biographies, add {{Portal|Islam}} to the See also section of Islam-related articles.
  • Stubs: Islam by country stubs, Islamic biography stubs, Islamic organization stubs, Islamic studies book stubs, Mosque stubs, Quran stubs, more...
  • The project: Join WikiProject Islam and list yourself as a Participant in the project.

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