The Right Honourable
The Lord Lamington
GCMG, GCIE, FRSGS
14th Governor of Bombay
In office
12 December 1903 – 27 July 1907
MonarchEdward VII
Preceded byThe Lord Northcote
Succeeded byJohn Muir-Mackenzie
8th Governor of Queensland
In office
9 April 1896 – 19 December 1901
MonarchsVictoria
Edward VII
PremierHugh Nelson
Thomas Joseph Byrnes
James Dickson
Anderson Dawson
Robert Philp
Preceded byHenry Wylie Norman
Succeeded byHerbert Chermside
Member of Parliament for St Pancras North
In office
July 1886 – 1890
Preceded byThomas Henry Bolton
Succeeded byThomas Henry Bolton
Personal details
Born
Charles Wallace Alexander Napier Cochrane-Baillie

31 July 1860
London, Middlesex, England
Died16 September 1940(1940-09-16) (aged 80)
Lamington, Lanarkshire, Scotland
Political partyConservative
Other political
affiliations		Conservative and Liberal Unionist
Spouse
Mary Houghton Hozier
​
​
(m. 1895)​
Children2
Parent
Residence(s)Lamington House, Lanarkshire, Scotland
EducationEton College
Alma materChrist Church, Oxford

Charles Wallace Alexander Napier Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington, GCMG, GCIE, FRSGS (29 July 1860 – 16 September 1940), was a British politician and colonial administrator who served as Governor of Queensland from 1896 to 1901, and Governor of Bombay from 1903 to 1907.[1]

Early life

Born in London, England, he was the only son of Alexander Baillie-Cochrane, 1st Baron Lamington. Charles was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford,[1] where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1883. In 1885, he became assistant private secretary to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Lord Salisbury.[2]

Political career

Cochrane-Baillie was narrowly defeated in the 1885 election for the borough constituency of St Pancras North, but he won the subsequent election in July 1886, taking his seat in the British House of Commons for the Conservative Party.[1][2]

Upon the death of his father in 1890, he succeeded as the 2nd Baron Lamington.

On 13 June 1895, he married Mary Houghton Hozier at St Michael's Church, Pimlico;[1] they had two children, a son and a daughter.

In 1890, the British government sent Lord Lamington to travel between Tonkin in Vietnam and Siam, with a view to annexing at least the Xishuangbanna district and possibly the whole Yunnan province of China in an attempt to limit French colonisation of the area.[3][lower-alpha 1]

Governorships

Cochrane-Baillie was in the Royal Company of Archers, as King's body guard for Scotland.[1] In October 1895, Lord Lamington was selected to replace Sir Henry Norman as Governor of Queensland. His tenure as Governor was from 9 April 1896 to 19 December 1901.[4] He was a very politically conservative governor, and expressed a concern that the Federation of Australia which took place during his tenure would lead to unrestrained socialism. He also worked with the first Premier of Queensland, Sir Samuel Griffith, to ensure that the role of state governors was not diminished after Federation.[2]

Apart from six months leave in England when he was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George, Lord Lamington served as governor for five years until 19 December 1901. In 1903 he was made a Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire,[1] and appointed as Governor of Bombay (until his resignation in July 1907),[5][1] where the royal prerogative he exercised was far more powerful than it had been in Australia.[2] He is also noted as being sympathetic, after having met ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, to the Baháʼí Faith.[6]

Later life

Lord Lamington was appointed captain of the Lanarkshire Yeomanry on 26 March 1902.[7]

In Spring 1919, he served as Commissioner of the British Relief Unit in Syria,[5] prior to its allocation as a French mandate.[2]

On 13 March 1940, he was one of four victims of a shooting at the Caxton Hall in London by Indian nationalist Udham Singh. Former lieutenant-governor of India, Michael O'Dwyer was killed instantly. O'Dwyer's predecessor in the role, Louis Dane, suffered a broken arm. Cochrane-Baillie and Lawrence Dundas, the former secretary of state for India, were slightly injured.[8][9]

He died at his family home, Lamington House, in Lanarkshire, Scotland, on 16 September 1940, aged 80.

Other roles and ranks (undated)

  • President of the East India Association [5]
  • President of the National Indian Association [5]
  • President of the Middle East Association [5]
  • President of the Indigent Moslems Burial Fund [5]
  • President of the British Red Crescent Society [5]
  • President of 'other organisations concerned with Eastern welfare and culture' [5]
  • President of the Persia Society (forerunner of the Iran Society) (--1912--)[10]
  • Vice President of the Royal Central Asian Society [11]
  • Vice-President of the Royal Geographical Society of London [12]
  • Chairman of the Committee of the Royal Normal College and Academy of Music for the Blind (--1913--) [13]
  • A Vice-President of the Trinity College of Music, London (--1913--) [13]
  • Lieutenant-Colonel of the 6th Battalion, The Scottish Rifles (Cameronians) [5]
  • Captain of the Royal Company of Archers (King's Bodyguard for Scotland) [5]
  • Lieutenant-Colonel of the Lanarkshire Yeomanry [5]

Personal life

Lord Lamington married Mary Houghton Hozier, the youngest daughter of William Hozier, 1st Baron Newlands, on 13 June 1895. They had two children, a son Victor Alexander Brisbane William Cochrane-Baillie (1896–1951, godson of Queen Victoria[14] and in 1940 became the 3rd Baron Lamington) and a daughter Grisell Annabella Gem Cochrane-Baillie (1898–1985).

Lady Lamington's diary, her 'little pamphlet of memories',[4] held by the State Library of Queensland,[15] paints a detailed portrait of their life as public figures in the colonies.

Legacy

Lord Lamington is best known in Australia for allegedly giving his name to the lamington, a popular Australian cake consisting of a cube of sponge cake dipped in chocolate icing and sprinkled with desiccated coconut. The stories of the creation of the lamington vary widely, although in most versions Lamington's chef Armand Galland at Queensland's Government House devises the cake either by accident or due to a shortage of ingredients. Lamington is also reported to have referred to the cakes as "those bloody poofy woolly biscuits".[16]

The Lamington Plateau and National Park in Queensland, Lamington Bridge in Maryborough, Queensland, Mount Lamington (a volcano in Papua New Guinea), and Lamington Road in Mumbai Lamington High School in Hubli were also named after him.

The Lady Lamington Hospital for Women and Lady Lamington Nurses Home are now part of Royal Brisbane Hospital Nurses' Homes.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (Hesilrige 1921, p. 536)
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 R. B. Joyce, 'Lamington, second Baron (1860–1940)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 9, Melbourne University Press, 1983, pp. 653–654.
  3. ↑ Hurlbut, George C. (1891). "Geographical Notes". Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York. 23: 419–420.
  4. 1 2 "The Spouses of the Governors of Queensland" (PDF). Government House. 2018. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Obituary", The Times (London), 18 September 1940, p. 7.
  6. ↑ David Merrick (2011). "Abdu'l-Baha in the UK, 1913 (Sohrab's Diary)" (PDF). p. 25 Dec 1912.
  7. ↑ "No. 27419". The London Gazette. 25 March 1902. p. 2081.
  8. ↑ "Sir Michael O'Dwyer Shot Dead". Glasgow Herald. Glasgow. 13 March 1940. p. 23.
  9. ↑ "The Caxton Hall Tragedy". Glasgow Herald. Glasgow. 19 March 1940. p. 4.
  10. ↑ E. G. Browne, The Literature of Persia (1912), inner page.
  11. ↑ Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society, Vol. 27, Iss. 4, 1940.
  12. ↑ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
  13. 1 2 Post Office London, 1914, vol. 4 (Trades and Professional Directory), p. 1900 (pdf p. 528).
  14. ↑ "Lady Lamington". Table Talk. 2 July 1903. p. 24.
  15. ↑ "31754 Journal of Mary, Lady Lamington". State Library of Queensland. hdl:10462/ManuscriptsTD/00244035.
  16. ↑ Shrimpton, James (6 October 2007). "Australia: The tale of Baron Lamington and an improvised cake". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 8 November 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2011.

Note and source

  1. ↑ Lord Lamington read a paper on his visit to the Shan States on the Siam border. The paper dealt with his journey from Chieng Mai, in the Laos country, to Mung Phoong, in the Sibsong Pana ... A railway to the plain of Chieng Sen was, on Mr. Holt Hallett's showing, sure to be constructed some day, and then the prolongation of it into the rich district of the Sibsong Pana and Yunnan would rest in the hands of the British.
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