The Immigration Detention Centre in 2008)

Christmas Island Immigration Reception and Processing Centre (Christmas Island IRPC) or commonly just Christmas Island Immigration Detention Centre, is an Australian immigration detention facility located on Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean.

As at 30 April 2023, 53 people were detained at the centre.[1]

History

Temporary facilities for asylum seekers were established on Christmas Island at Phosphate Hill in late 2001. This temporary facility was found inadequate in terms of size, amenity and security. On 12 March 2002, the Australian Government announced the replacement of the existing temporary facility and the construction of a purpose designed and built IRPC on Christmas Island with a capacity of 1200 people. In June 2002, after a tender process, a contractor was appointed to design and construct the facility on a fast track basis.

Due to the reduction in the number of boat arrivals in 2001 and 2002 (boat arrivals had reached the Australian mainland since mid-2001), the Australian Government announced on 19 February 2003 to scale back the proposed 1200 person IRPC to 800 places. The existing construction contract was terminated.

In September 2003, it was decided to proceed with the construction of the centre with accommodation capacity for approximately 800 people; 416 housed in purpose-designed and built accommodation units, and a further 384 in basic contingency accommodation.[2]

Protests

There have been several protests staged over conditions at the Christmas Island centre.

In 2011, more than 250 detainees hurled rocks at staff and set fire to the accommodation block causing a substantial amount of damage. They were subdued by tear gas and bean bag rounds, one of the first times bean bag bullets have been used in Australia. The protest was against the conditions and length of time people are held there.[3]

In early 2014, about 375 detainees went on a hunger strike, seven stitching their lips together as a cry for freedom and a sign of solidarity for Iranian asylum seeker Reza Barati.[4]

Further unrest occurred in 2014 after mothers concerned about the living conditions at Construction Camp for their babies, had a meeting with immigration officials. The mothers were reportedly told "You will never be settled in Australia. You will be going to Nauru or Manus Island and that's the end of the story."[5] Following this message it was reported that the mothers started screaming and threatened to set fire to the camp and were arrested.[6] DIBP confirmed that following this arrest seven individuals made threats of self-harm and four committed self-harm. Ten mothers were placed on "guided supportive and monitoring engagement" under the PSP, requiring 24-hour surveillance by a Serco officer.[7]

On 9 November 2015, a riot began at the centre after the death of an asylum seeker.[8] The man escaped the centre and was found at the bottom of a cliff. Those involved in the rioting included criminals facing deportation.[9] Damage to the centre may be as high as $10 million. Detainees involved were flown to Perth and placed in a maximum security prison.[10]

On 26 August 2014, a class action was filed in the Supreme Court of Victoria by law firm Maurice Blackburn on behalf of a six-year-old girl against the Australian Government, claiming negligence in providing health care for Christmas Island detainees. The girl claims to have developed a dental infection, stammer, separation anxiety and has begun wetting her bed while detained on Christmas Island for over a year.[11] The claim if successful could provide potential redress for over a thousand asylum seekers.[12]

Closure: October 2018

On 31 October 2017 there were 314 asylum seekers held in the centre.[13]

On 23 November 2017 it was announced that the centre would close "within seven months".[13][14]

The facility was closed in October 2018.[15]

Re-opening announced: February 2019

In February 2019, the Morrison government announced plans to re-open the centre, after parliament had passed a bill known as the "Medevac bill" opposed by the Prime Minister and his party, allowing medical professionals to have a greater say in the transfer of sick asylum seekers from Manus and Nauru. Morrison cited the prospect of increased boat arrivals as the reason for re-opening it.[16][17][18] The Shire Council president (mayor) of Christmas Island Shire, Gordon Thomson, criticised the move, saying the announcement was "stunning" and "made no practical sense." He told the media that Christmas Island has never provided medical treatment [to detainees] and this would have to be carried out on the Australian mainland.[19]

In April 2019, the Morrison government paid for 140 Serco employees to be sent to Christmas Island, despite there being no refugees on the island. The same month, it was revealed the planned re-opening was going to cost $180 million.[20]

In May 2019, it was reported that 20 Sri Lankan asylum seekers were intercepted and brought to Christmas Island where they were held for a few days, and that their claims were denied and they were flown back to Sri Lanka within the month. Gordon Thompson said he had not been informed of this, and criticised the Morrison government, accusing it of secrecy. Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton denied that any asylum seekers had been detained on Christmas Island, but did say more than 10 boats from Sri Lanka had been turned back before reaching the island. Anthony Albanese, leader of the opposition Labor Party, sought a security brief from the Government on the matter.[21]

On 30 August 2019, a Tamil asylum seeker family were taken by chartered jet from detention in Melbourne, with the intention of returning them to Sri Lanka. A last minute court injunction prevented the removal of the family from Australia, and forced the jet to land in Darwin. The next day, a plane took the family to the Christmas Island detention centre.[22]

Coronavirus quarantine: February 2020

On 29 January 2020, Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced a plan to evacuate "isolated and vulnerable" Australian citizens from Wuhan and Hubei Province amid the coronavirus pandemic, taking them to the Christmas Island for quarantine for 14 days.[23] On 31 January, medical experts were sent from Australia to prepare the centre as a quarantine facility.[24] On 3 February, about 240 Australian citizens, including 84 children and five infants, were flown out of Wuhan on a Qantas evacuation flight to the Australian mainland and then flown on smaller planes to Christmas Island to spend two weeks at the "repurposed" facility.[25][26] Another 35 Australians flown out of Wuhan on an Air New Zealand flight were transferred to Christmas Island from Brisbane.[25][27]

2022 riot

In late March 2022, the New Zealand broadcaster Māori Television obtained footage showing bruised and bleeding New Zealand male detainees being zip-tied to furniture in a dining area within the detention centre. Route 501 founder and justice advocate Filipa Payne claimed that the men had been protesting against treatment and conditions at the facility. She also alleged that members of the Emergency Response Team (ERT) had beaten the detainees with steel pipes and batons despite them complying with orders to cease resistance. These New Zealand detainees were facing deportation to New Zealand under the "character test" within Section 501 of the Migration Act 1958. Many of these deportees had lived most of their lives in Australia but had not taken up Australian citizenship.[28][29]

Facility

Christmas Island Immigration Detention Centre

The centre was constructed on a 40 ha (99-acre) site, formerly a phosphate mining lease, at the north-western end of Christmas Island, next to the Christmas Island National Park. The A$208 million centre was built by Baulderstone from January 2005 until August 2007, for the Department of Finance and Administration. It was finally completed in 2008.[30] It consists of eight accommodation units, education and recreation building, tennis courts and central sports area. Central facilities include induction/visiting area, main reception, administration centre, conference centre, kitchen, laundry and stores, medical centre and utilities building. External facilities include warehouse and visitor processing building.[31]

In 2009, the capacity of the centre was increased to 1800 places and in early 2010 to 2040 places.[32] In February 2010, the Federal Government announced to further increase the capacity to between 2200 and 2300 places "within a couple of weeks".[33] In April 2010 there were 2208 people in detention.[32]

In June 2013 a surge of asylum-seekers resulted in the detention facilities exceeding their designed capacity. Regular operating capacity is 1094 people, with a 'contingency capacity' of 2724. After the interception of four boats in six days carrying 350, the Immigration Department said there were 2960 "irregular maritime arrivals" being held.[34]

Serco, a private contractor, manages the operations of immigration detention centres on behalf of the Australian government.[35] Property services are provided by CI Resources, which also operates a phosphate mine on the Island.[36]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Refugee Council of Australia, Statistics on people in detention in Australia Archived 6 June 2023 at the Wayback Machine, 13 May 2023
  2. ↑ "Proposed Christmas Island Immigration, Reception and Processing Centre" (PDF). Department of Finance and Administration. September 2003. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 October 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  3. ↑ Martin, Andrew (April 2011). "Christmas Island escape highlights bad conditions". Direct Action. Socialist Alternative. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  4. ↑ "Asylum Seekers stitch lips together in hunger strike". The Sydney Morning Herald. Faifax Media. AAP. 1 June 2014. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  5. ↑ Elizabeth J. Elliott (31 July 2014). "Report to the Australian Human Rights Commission Inquiry into the Impact of Immigration Detention on Children" (doc). Australian Human Rights Commission. p. 12. Archived from the original on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  6. ↑ Australian Human Rights Commission, National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention 2014, Inquiry team interviews with three language groups, File note, 15 July 2014.
  7. ↑ C Hatswell, Assistant Director AHRC Inquiry Taskforce, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Correspondence to the Commission, National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention 2014, 22 July 2014.
  8. ↑ "Christmas Island detention centre 'calm' after 'stand-off' with authorities following refugee's death: Immigration Department". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). 10 November 2015. Archived from the original on 9 November 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  9. ↑ Robertson, Joshua (10 November 2015). "Christmas Island detention centre 'under control' after riot police move in". The Guardian (Australia). Guardian News and Media Limited. Archived from the original on 10 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  10. ↑ Anderson, Stephanie. "Christmas Island riot: Dutton confirms $10m damage bill as more detainees moved from centre to Perth". ABC News. ABC (Australia). Archived from the original on 12 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  11. ↑ Archived 7 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Injured Asylum Seekers Sue Australian Government
  12. ↑ Archived 12 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Maurice Blackburn Class Action Christmas Island Asylum Seekers
  13. 1 2 "Christmas Island detention centre will close". SkyNEWS. Australian News Channel Pty Ltd. 23 November 2017. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
  14. ↑ "Christmas Island detention centre to close in seven months". The Australian. 23 November 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
  15. ↑ "After 10 years, the notorious Christmas Island detention centre has quietly closed". The Sydney Morning Herald. 4 October 2018. Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  16. ↑ "Christmas Island: Australia to reopen controversial migrant detention camp". The Independent. Archived from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2019.
  17. ↑ Gagliardi, Jason. "Your noon Briefing: PM orders Christmas Island to reopen". The Australian. Retrieved 13 February 2019.
  18. ↑ Procter, Nicholas; Kenny, Mary Anne (13 February 2019). "Explainer: how will the 'medevac' bill actually affect ill asylum seekers?". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  19. ↑ "Christmas Island Shire Council not warned about detention centre reopening". ABC. 13 February 2019. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  20. ↑ "Government sends 140 Serco staff to Christmas Island despite no refugees being there". Sydney Morning Herald. 4 April 2019. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  21. ↑ "Christmas Island locals not told of asylum seekers who arrived on boat from Sri Lanka". ABC. 30 May 2019. Archived from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  22. ↑ "Tamil asylum seeker family from Biloela taken to Christmas Island detention centre". ABC. 1 September 2019. Archived from the original on 3 September 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
  23. ↑ "Australians stranded in Wuhan to be evacuated to Christmas Island". SBS News. 29 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  24. ↑ "Medicos are preparing Christmas Island to be coronavirus quarantine zone". SBS News. 31 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 February 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  25. 1 2 Carmody, James (5 February 2020). "Coronavirus fear remains on Christmas Island as authorities reassure locals they are safe from infection". ABC News. Archived from the original on 8 February 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  26. ↑ Zhou, Naaman; Doherty, Ben (8 February 2020). "'A hard and sad decision': fleeing coronavirus in Wuhan for Christmas Island". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 February 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  27. ↑ Xiao, Bang; Walsh, Michael (5 February 2020). "Coronavirus evacuees battle cockroaches, bad internet on first night on Christmas Island". ABC News. Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  28. ↑ Trafford, Will (30 March 2022). "501 deportees gushing blood, tied to furniture at Aussie facility". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 30 March 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  29. ↑ Gregoire, Paul (1 April 2022). "Former Residents in Immigration Detention Treated to State-Sanctioned Violence". Sydney Criminal Lawyers. Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  30. ↑ Australian Human Rights Commission (2012) "Immigration Detention on Christmas Island" p.14, Retrieved 8 December 2017 ( PDF version Archived 12 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine-1.71 MB)
  31. ↑ "Christmas Island Immigration, Reception and Processing Centre". Baulderstone. Retrieved 5 February 2010.
  32. 1 2 "Department of Immigration sends 184 asylum-seekers to Darwin". Paige Taylor. The Australian. 20 April 2010. Archived from the original on 28 March 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  33. ↑ "Bring asylum seekers to mainland – Greens". Courier Mail. 8 February 2010. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  34. ↑ Rintoul, Stuart (20 June 2013). "Pre-election surge pushes island centres far beyond capacity". The Australian. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
  35. ↑ "Detention Infrastructure". Global Detention Project. July 2008. Archived from the original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  36. ↑ "Deal for Christmas Isl phosphate". 18 January 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
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