Chrysostomos Dimitriou
Born1889
Piraeus, Greece
Died22 October 1958
Athens, Greece
NationalityGreek
OccupationEastern Orthodox bishop
Known forSaving Jews on Zakynthos during the Holocaust

Chrysostomos Dimitriou (in Greek: Χρυσόστομος Δημητρίου ; 1889 – 22 October 1958 died age 69), also known by his episcopal names of Chrysostomos of Zakynthos or Chrysostomos of Trifylia and Olympia, was the Eastern Orthodox bishop of the island of Zakynthos during World War II and the bishop of Trifylia and Olympia postwar until his death.

Together with mayor Loukas Carrer, Dimitriou saved the Jews of the island from the Holocaust; for this they were awarded the title of Righteous Among the Nations.

Before World War II

Chrysostomos Dimitriou was born in 1889 in the city of the Piraeus, the main port of Athens.[1] He studied theology in the Theological School of Athens and was ordained as a deacon on July 1916 and then priest the 11 March 1917 by Theoklitos I of Athens.[1] He then served as a preacher in the diocese of Demetrias and Thebes before being sent to study theology in Munich, Germany, where he learned German.[1][2]

After his return to Greece, he was named Secretary of the Holy Synod of the Church of Greece before being ordained as the Metropolitan of Zakynthos.[1] Since the beginning of his work in Zakynthos, he showed sympathy toward the Jews of the island and for that, was criticized by Orthodox fanatics.[2][3] In 1935, he joined the Old Calendarist sect, but after being condemned by the Holy Synod, he issued public repentance and was admitted back as the legitimate Metropolitan of Zakynthos.[1]

World War II

During the first part of the war, the island fell under Italian occupation. He made a commitment in favor of the prisoners of war to obtain their release. He was arrested by the authorities and exiled to Athens for a year before returning to his bishopric.[2][3] On 9 September 1943, six days after Italy's surrender, the Germans took possession of the island.[4] The Nazis began making plans to deport Jews from the island, who had survived the Holocaust so far. They asked the metropolitan and mayor Loukas Carrer to give them a list of the Jews residing on the island to proceed to the deportation.[2][4][5]

Dimitriou asked Loukas Carrer to burn the list and went to the German governor, Lüth.[6][7] He told him that the Jews on the island were "part of his flock" and that he could not give him the list, then, wrote his name on a piece of paper and said "Here is the list".[2][4][5] After warning the Jewish community, which hid in the mountains of the island, he promised them that the Greek islanders would protect them, and despite attempts by the Germans to proceed with the deportation, the Jewish community of Zakynthos was left relatively unhindered.[4]

Dimitriou said he had followed the orders of the Archbishop of Athens, Damaskinos, who declared : "I have taken up my cross. I spoke to the Lord, and made up my mind to save as many Jewish souls as possible."[4]

After World War II

After the war, the Jewish community financed the stained glass windows of the Saint Dimitrios Church in Zakynthos in his honor.[8] He was then transferred, shortly before his death, to the Metropolis of Trifylia and Olympia, before dying in Athens on 22 October 1958.[1]

On 7 November 1978, he was awarded the title of Righteous Among the Nations, along with Loukas Carrer, for his actions to protect Jews from the Holocaust.[4]

Notes and references

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Μητροπολίτης Τριφυλίας Χρυσόστομος Δημητρίου (+ 22-10-1958)". users.sch.gr. Archived from the original on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΙΤΗΣ ΖΑΚΥΝΘΟΥ – Εβραϊκό Μουσείο Ελλάδος". www.jewishmuseum.gr (in Greek). 23 April 2020. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  3. 1 2 "Επιφανείς Ζακυνθινοί στο σύγχρονο Ελληνικό Κράτος~ 27/1 Ημέρα Μνήμης Θυμάτων Ολοκαυτώματος: Μητρ. Χρυσόστομος Δημητρίου και Δημ. Λουκάς Καρρέρ / Μουσείο Σολωμού & Επιφανών Ζακυνθίων". zakynthos-museumsolomos.gr. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Metropolitan Chrysostomos, Mayor Lucas Carrer". www.yadvashem.org. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  5. 1 2 KEREM, YITZCHAK; כרם, יצחק (1989). "הישרדותם של יהודי זקינתוס בתקופת השואה / THE SURVIVAL OF THE JEWS OF ZAKYNTHOS IN THE HOLOCAUST". Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies / דברי הקונגרס העולמי למדעי היהדות. י: 387–394. ISSN 0333-9068. JSTOR 23535658. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  6. ↑ Fleischer, H. The Question of Waldheim’s Wartime Guilt in the Balkans. The Journal of Modern Hellenism, 8, 131-141. https://journals.sfu.ca/jmh/index.php/jmh/article/view/120/121
  7. ↑ Schminck-Gustavus, Christoph U., "Salvati dai Giusti tra le Nazioni : per la storia della comunità ebraica di Zante", Dopo i testimoni : memorie, storiografie e narrazioni della deportazione razziale / a cura di Marta Baiardi e Alberto Cavaglion., Viella, doi:10.1400/223914, retrieved 19 May 2023
  8. ↑ "Dimitrios Chrysostomos, métropolite grec | Juste parmi les Nations". yadvashem.org. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
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