34°56′S 138°36′E / 34.933°S 138.600°E / -34.933; 138.600

City of Adelaide
South Australia
Location of Adelaide within the Adelaide metropolitan area
Population25,026 (2021 census)[1]
 • Density1,607.3/km2 (4,162.9/sq mi)
Established1840
Area15.57 km2 (6.0 sq mi)
Lord MayorJane Lomax-Smith
Council seatAdelaide city centre
RegionMetropolitan Adelaide
State electorate(s)Electoral district of Adelaide
Federal division(s)Division of Adelaide
WebsiteCity of Adelaide
LGAs around City of Adelaide:
Charles Sturt Prospect Walkerville
West Torrens City of Adelaide Norwood Payneham St Peters
West Torrens Unley Burnside

The City of Adelaide, also known as the Corporation of the City of Adelaide and Adelaide City Council, is a local government area in the metropolitan area of greater Adelaide, South Australia. It is legally defined as the capital city of South Australia by the City of Adelaide Act 1998. It includes the Adelaide city centre, the suburb of North Adelaide, and the Adelaide Park Lands, which surround North Adelaide and the city centre.

Established in 1840, the City of Adelaide Municipal Corporation was the first municipal authority in Australia. At its time of establishment, Adelaide's (and Australia's) first mayor, James Hurtle Fisher, was elected. From 1919 onwards, the municipality has had a Lord Mayor, as of 2023 being Jane Lomax-Smith.

History

Adelaide city centre, North Adelaide and the Park Lands

Initially the new Province of South Australia was managed by Colonisation Commissioners. Colonial government commenced on 28 December 1836. The first municipality was established in 1840 as The City of Adelaide Municipal Corporation, the first municipality in the country. However, due to a combination of constitutional difficulties arising from the mayor's resignation, hostility of the incoming Governor George Grey, and falling revenues due to the onset of the colony's first economic crisis, the corporation became moribund in 1843, after the Province had become a Crown colony established by the South Australia Act 1842. From 1843 to 1849, control and management reverted to the colonial government, and from 1849 to 1852 the municipality was managed by a Commission with five members. With the positive economic effects of the Victorian gold rush, a formal municipality was re-established in 1852, and "has operated continuously ever since".[2][3][4][5] However, The city's relationship with the state and federal government has been described as being 'a continually abrasive relationship'.[6]

The Council started in 1840 with nineteen members, who chose four of their number to be Aldermen, and then one of these (James Hurtle Fisher) to be Mayor. In 1852 the municipality was divided into four wards. Three Councillors and one Alderman were chosen, who in turn selected the Mayor. In 1861 the Mayor was chosen by all the electors and the position of Alderman was temporarily abolished. In 1873 the municipality was divided into six Wards, each represented by two Councillors. In 1880 the office of Alderman was recreated; they were chosen by electors of all Wards. The office of Mayor was raised to the stature of Lord Mayor by Royal Letters Patent in 1919. The Lord Mayor received the right to be styled ‘The Right Honourable’ in 1927.[3][5]

The Arms of the City of Adelaide were granted by the Heralds College in 1929.[2] In 1982 the Council approved the design of the Armorial Flag.[2]

In 2015, the Council became the first government of any kind in Australia to offer a financial incentive for installing battery systems.[7]

Governance

The City of Adelaide is legally defined as the capital city of South Australia by the City of Adelaide Act 1998, which also provides for a Capital City Committee, setting out its structure, function and responsibilities. The Act defines the Constitution of the council, including the role, allowances and benefits of the Lord Mayor and members. It defines the role of the CEO and their role with regard to Council employees. It continues the name of the council as "The Corporation of the City of Adelaide", and says that the land known as "The Corporation Acre" within the City of Adelaide is vested in the Adelaide City Council. It says that the name "Adelaide City Council" means the Corporation of the City of Adelaide.[8][9][10]

As of 2019 the City of Adelaide Council consists of 12 elected members, including the Lord Mayor and 11 Area and Ward Councillors, elected for a 4-year term.[11] Area Councillors are elected by the voters of the whole council area as one electorate, while Ward Councillors are only elected by the voters of their respective wards.

Council

Current composition

The council, as of December 2022, is:[12]

WardPartyCouncillor
Lord Mayor   Labor Jane Lomax-Smith
Area Councillors   Independent Arman Abrahimzadeh OAM
  Independent Janet Giles
North   Independent Phil Martin
  Independent Mary Couros
Central   Independent Carmel Noon
  Independent Simon Hou
  Labor David Elliot
  Labor Jing Li
South   Greens Keiran Snape
  Liberal Henry Davis
  Labor Mark Siebentritt

2022 election results

This section is an excerpt from Results of the 2022 South Australian local elections § Adelaide.[edit]

Area Councillors

2022 South Australian local elections: Area Councillors
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Team Adelaide Arman Abrahimzadeh (elected) 1,851 22.0
Independent Anne Moran 1,790 21.3
Independent Janet Giles (elected) 1,686 20.1
Independent Liberal Domenico Gelonese 649 7.7
Independent Liberal Glenn Bain 639 7.6
Independent Frank Barbaro 612 7.3
Independent Juliette Lockwood 571 6.8
Independent Du Zhigang 383 4.6
Independent Josephine Patterson 217 2.6
Total formal votes 8,398 97.8
Informal votes 190 2.2
Turnout 8,588

North

2022 South Australian local elections: North Ward
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Phil Martin (elected) 878 36.0
Team Adelaide Mary Couros (elected) 659 27.1
Independent Sandy Wilkinson 410 16.8
Independent Valdis Dunis 289 11.9
Independent Robert Farnan 200 8.2
Total formal votes 2,436 98.0
Informal votes 50 2.0
Turnout 2,486

Central

2022 South Australian local elections: Central Ward
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Labor Jing Li (elected) 508 15.4
Independent Carmel Noon (elected) 466 14.2
Team Adelaide Simon Hou (elected) 355 10.8
Team Adelaide Alexander Hyde 338 10.3
Independent Labor David Elliot (elected) 337 10.2
Independent Mark Hamilton 315 9.6
Independent Liberal Gagan Sharma 238 7.2
Team Adelaide Franz Knoll 176 5.3
Independent Ben Ayris 135 4.1
Independent Fiona Hui 119 3.6
Independent Alex Radda 97 2.9
Independent Cassandra Papalia 75 2.3
Independent Hugo Siu 68 2.1
Independent Tammy Vo 65 2.0
Total formal votes 3,292 97.3
Informal votes 90 2.7
Turnout 3,382

South

2022 South Australian local elections: South Ward
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Greens Keiran Snape (elected) 758 27.4
Independent Colette Slight 277 10.0
Independent Labor Mark Siebentritt (elected) 275 9.9
Independent Liberal Henry Davis (elected) 263 9.5
Independent Theo Vlassis 241 8.7
Independent Greens Sean Cullen-Macaskill 199 7.2
Independent Ida Jonassen Llewellyn-Smith 165 5.7
Independent Labor Kimberlee Brown 146 5.3
Independent Liberal Helika Cruz 139 5.0
Independent Liberal Tim Scott 138 5.0
Independent Greens Sue McKay 115 4.2
Independent Param Ramanan 51 1.8
Total formal votes 2,767 97.3
Informal votes 76 2.7
Turnout 2,843

Population

At the end of the 20th century, the city had little more than thirty per cent of the population it had in 1915 (when the population reached more than 43,000), and about 5,000 less than the 1855 population of 18,259.[5] In proposing reforms and his advocacy for town planning legislation, Charles Reade illustrated the Adelaide slums associated with the city's high population levels with lantern-slides accompanying his lecture "Garden cities v. Adelaide slums and suburbs" in the Adelaide Town Hall on 8 Oct 1914.[13] Reade was attacked by the Adelaide City Council who fought against the Town Planning and Housing Bill reforms[14] and the press pointed out the wickedness of families being forced to 'herd together more and more in overcrowded conditions of living' and the 'sheer nonsense on the part of the City Council to pretend' that there were no slums in the city:[15]

The City Council does not want to learn. It seems to want the slum owners to be left untouched so that the landlords may reap their harvest of gold while the poor of this city reap their harvest of suffering, disease, and other ills associated with bad housing.[16]

In seeking a return to higher density population levels, Adelaide City Council launched its 'New Directions' with its three themes of Capacity, Vivacity and Audacity on 3 July 2001.[17] The "Capacity" theme proposed doubling the city's population by 2010 and increasing the number of City visitors and workers.

According to the Annual Reports,[18] the population has increased rapidly, due to the targets stated in the strategic plans developed at about that time.

Coat of arms
Notes
  • The population figures have been extracted from Adelaide City Council Annual reports. The data is summarised on pages 149-150 of A Thematic History.[19] Additional data not in that summary can be found in the reports on the council's "Annual Reports" page.[18]
  • 1840 The initial Annual Report noted a population of 8,480, with 1,615 buildings in the city.
  • 1844 The second available figure (6,107) is also the minimum recorded in council reports.
  • 1880s There are no figures available for the period between 1881 and 1912. South Australia suffered a severe depression in the 1880s when the State population, (and probably the city's population too), declined.
  • 1915 The peak population was 43,133.
  • 1921 The State population passes 500,000. The city population was 39,458.
  • 1963 The State population passes 1,000,000. The city population was 23,000.
  • 1993 There is only one figure available between 1976 and 1999 – 11,405 in 1993. It was in the late 1990s that the council developed and started implementing its plans to increase the city's population, and not until 2004 when it started regularly updating the population estimates based on figures supplied by the Bureau of Census and Statistics.
  • 2001 In 2001, the council set targets for population numbers for 2006 and 2010. These targets were raised considerably in 2003. In 2009, targets were set for 2012.

The following table sets out the figures of various types of city population in the 21st century:[18][20]

Year 2016–172015–162014–152013–142012–132011–12 2010–112009–102008–092007–082006–072005–062004–052003–042002–032001–022000–012006 goal2010 goal2012 goal
Permanent
residents		 23,39623,16922,69022,20021,60022,000 21,80021,20019,80019,70018,40015,00014,36113,73413,28916,000
25,000		25,000
34,000		25,500
Dwellings 11,54610,86011,46710,86010,860 13,10012,50011,38810,6009,9009,9009,6007,3357,3355,510
Overnight
population		 28,000 29,80029,20027,40027,10023,80022,00021,09019,61017,86117,86119,90034,500
Overnight
visitors		 6,000 8,0008,0007,6007,4005,4007,0006,7295,866
Daily
visitors(*)		 311,414262,000228,673228,670228,670 86,50079,00074,00060,00075,00075,00075,000103,500103,500125,000150,000
Workers 115,250122,700122,700118,200118,200118,000 126,500126,500118,500108,000108,00099,00095,68293,00093,00089,00098,000111,000125,000
Students 67,10064,00064,00086,700 90,00088,00086,70081,10075,00063,00059,24051,90050,59750,00058,00066,000
Daily
population		 220,000205,000208,200190,000200,000200,000216,000215,000
Office
space(**)		 1.5031.4431.2001.1841.0381.1001.109

 * Visitors to the city from the Adelaide Metropolitan area, for all purposes
 ** Square kilometres (millions of square metres) of office space. i.e. 1.503 km2 = 1,503,000 sq. metres.

Adelaide Park Lands

The city's 2010–11 Annual Report noted that the total area of the City of Adelaide is 15.6 km2, of which 7.6 km2 is Park Lands.[21] Other sources put the Park Lands area closer to 7.0 km2.[22] The original area was 2,300 acres (9.3 km2),[23] a number the Council still regularly quotes.[24]

Services and amenities

The City of Adelaide's administrative offices are located in the Colonel William Light Centre building at 25 Pirie Street, adjacent to the Adelaide Town Hall in King William Street.

Apart from providing the usual services like rubbish collection and controlling local development, the City of Adelaide owns and operates a number of city services and amenities, including:

  • A network of 10 car parking stations (Andrew, Central Market, Flinders, Frome, Gawler, Grote, Light Square, Pirie, Rundle, Topham and Wyatt) branded as UPark.[25]
  • Adelaide Central Market, a popular tourist attraction and working market selling cheap fruit and vegetables and other products.
  • Adelaide Aquatic Centre, offering several indoor heated swimming pools, diving facilities, and a health club.[26]
  • A network of local library and community centres from which local residents can borrow books, music, videos and computer programs, and gain access to computers and the internet.
  • The council also runs a free bicycle service on weekdays, in conjunction with Bikes SA.
  • Free bus services, 98C and 98A,(operated as The Connector until 2014), which runs through the central business district and North Adelaide, with stops at every major tourist attraction and council library.[27] A new connector bus, with more seating capacity, entered service in 2007, replacing one of the smaller buses that used to ply the route. The bus is named Tindo (after the Kaurna word for sun) and is hailed as the world's first solar powered bus.[28] The 98C is a clockwise loop while the 98A is anti-clockwise and the service has now been modified to better suit everyone's needs.[29] The 97 was a temporary free bus which used to run for a few months.

Sister cities

The City of Adelaide has been involved in the Sister Cities program since 1972. As of 2023 it has long-term international partnership arrangements with five cities, known as sister cities, based on formal agreements between Adelaide and each city. This allows collaboration in the cultural, educational, business, and technical spheres. The five sister cities are:[30]

Two cities are known as Friendship Cities, based on informal partnerships between two cities that promote collaboration and a friendly relationship between two cities:[30]

Flag

Flag of the City of Adelaide

The armorial flag of Adelaide was approved on 2 August 1982, replacing the unofficial coat of arms on white background, which had been flown outside the Town Hall on special occasions for about 50 years.[31]

Key to the City

The Key to the city is presented by the Lord Mayor to an individual or group to acknowledge and recognise their outstanding contribution to the city of Adelaide.[32]

YearName/Group
1991Governor Michael Dukakis
1991Captain Anthony Sturt
1992David Hookes
1992The 14th Dalai Lama
1992The Salvation Army
1993John Fitzgerald OAM
1994Reverend Ivor Bailey AM
1995Archbishop Stylianos Harkianakis
1996Mark Woodforde
19961996 S.A. Sheffield Shield Cricket Team
1996Adelaide Girls Choir
1996Dr Andrew Thomas AO
1996The Ecumenical Patriarch Vartholomeos 1
1996Dame Roma Mitchell AC DBE CVO QC
1997HMAS Adelaide
1997Maritime Patrol Group RAAF Edinburgh
1997Adelaide Football Club
1998Adelaide Lightning Women's Basketball Team
1998Adelaide 36ers Men's Basketball Team
1998Band of the South Australia Police
1998Adelaide Thunderbirds Netball Team
1999Stuart O'Grady OAM
2001Lleyton Hewitt AM
2001Dr Jeffery Tate
2003Mark Ricciuto
2003Barry Humphries AO CBE
2004John Coetzee
2004Port Adelaide Football Club
2004Rupert Murdoch AC KCSG
2006Dr Bill Griggs AM
2008Adelaide United Soccer Team
2010Cheong Yew Liew OAM
2017Adelaide Football Club Women's Team
2017Gillian Rolton AM
2018Mike Turtur AO

Notable residents

See also

References

  1. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Adelaide (C)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 "History". Adelaide Council. Archived from the original on 28 February 2011.
  3. 1 2 Lord Mayors & Mayors Archived 2 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine, City of Adelaide
  4. ↑ Books mentioned on the City of Adelaide history webpages: Those Turbulent Years. A History of the City of Adelaide 1929–1979, Pubs, pews and powerbrokers, The City of Adelaide - A Thematic History Archived 19 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  5. 1 2 3 A Thematic History, pp81-82.
  6. ↑ Morton, After Light p. 10
    The city's relationship with the state and federal government has been described as being 'a continually abrasive relationship'. Until 1877 the relationship with the colonial government was described as 'a grudging tolerance, breaking out occasionally into active resentment whenever the council felt its rights were being infringed'. Moreover, matters such as alienation of the Park Lands by the state government, and threats to do so by the federal government, together with the fact that the federal and state government were exempt from rates for the many city buildings they owned, did nothing to enhance the relationship between them and the city corporation.
  7. ↑ Sophie Vorrath (23 June 2015). "Adelaide City Council offers energy storage incentive, Australia's first". Renew Economy. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  8. ↑ "City of Adelaide Act 1998". Government of South Australia. Attorney-General's Dept. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  9. ↑ "City of Adelaide Act 1998, Version 31/3/2016" (PDF). 31 March 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  10. ↑ "City of Adelaide Act 1998". AustLit. South Australian Current Acts. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  11. ↑ Your current Council City of Adelaide, 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
  12. ↑ "2022 Council Elections". ECSA. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  13. ↑ Where are the Slums? Mr. Reade on Garden Cities. The Journal, 9 October 1914, p 1.
  14. ↑ Leonie Sandercock. 'Adelaide: Property, Privilege and Power' in Property, Politics, and Urban Planning: A History of Australian City Planning 1890-1990. p 81.
  15. ↑ City Council, Slums, and Town Planning.Daily Herald, 11 September 1916, p 4B.
  16. ↑ City Council, Slums, and Town Planning.Daily Herald, 11 September 1916, p 4C.
  17. ↑ Annual Report 2001/2002 Archived 30 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Adelaide City Council, p 2.
  18. 1 2 3 Annual Reports, City of Adelaide
  19. ↑ A Thematic History, pp149-150.
  20. ↑ 2016-17 2015-16 2014-15 2013-14 2012-13 2010-11 Archived 30 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 Archived 30 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine 2006-07 2005-06 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 Archived 30 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine 2000-01 1999-00 1998-99 1997-98
  21. ↑ Annual Report 2010-11 Archived 30 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine, City of Adelaide, p. 1.
  22. ↑ Fiction and Facts about the Adelaide Park Lands, Adelaide Parklands Preservation Association.
  23. ↑ "The Park Lands". The Herald. 6 September 1902. p. 7 – via Trove.
  24. ↑ Our Parks, adelaideparklands.com.au
  25. ↑ "UPark". City of Adelaide. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
  26. ↑ "Adelaide Aquatic Centre". City of Adelaide. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  27. ↑ City Connector Adelaice City Council
  28. ↑ "All-Electric, Solar-Powered, Free Bus!!!". Ecogeek.org. 27 December 2007. Archived from the original on 8 September 2009. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
  29. ↑ "New free City connector bus service". Adelaide City Council. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  30. 1 2 "Sister cities". City of Adelaide. 1 April 2019. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  31. ↑ City of Adelaide Arms and Flag
  32. ↑ "Key to the City". Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  33. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915: William Bragg, Lawrence Bragg". Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  34. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005: Barry J. Marshall, J. Robin Warren". Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  • McDougall & Vines (2006) The City of Adelaide - A Thematic History, www.adelaidecitycouncil.com. (PDF, 780Kb, 156 pages)
  • Peter Morton (1996) After Light: A History of the City of Adelaide and its Council, 1878–1928

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