Club de Madrid
Formation2001
HeadquartersMadrid, Spain
President
Vice Presidents
Websitewww.clubmadrid.org

Club de Madrid is an independent, non-partisan, non-profit organization created to promote democracy and change in the international community. It is composed of 126 regular members from 73 countries,[2] including 7 Nobel Peace Prize laureates and 20 first female heads of State or Government. Club de Madrid is the world's largest forum of former heads of state and government.[3]

Among its main goals are the strengthening of democratic institutions and counseling on the resolution of political conflicts in two key areas: democratic leadership and governance, and response to crisis and post-crisis situations.[3]

History and actions

Club de Madrid was founded in October 2001 as a result of the Conference on Democratic Transition and Consolidation held in Madrid with the objective of creating a permanent forum for governments to consult, and "be able to access expert's opinions". The event was organized by the think tank FRIDE (Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exteriores).[4]

The Conference was attended by 32 current and former heads of state and government, who discussed their ideas and conclusions with over 100 experts. Among the attendees were former President of the USSR Mikhaíl Gorbachov, former Canadian Prime Minister Kim Campbell, King Juan Carlos I of Spain, former democratic Prime Ministers of Spain Adolfo Suárez, Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo, Felipe González and José María Aznar, former Prime Minister of the Central African Republic Martin Ziguele, and US President Bill Clinton.[4]

Club de Madrid members at an Annual Policy Dialogue in Madrid in 2019

The Club's first Secretary General was the co-founder of FRIDE, Antonio Álvarez-Couceiro, and its first President was former President of Brasil Fernando Henrique Cardoso,[5] who held that post until 2006. In 2004, former Canadian Prime Minister Kim Campbell became Secretary General until 2006,[6] when the Spanish diplomat Fernando Perpiñá-Robert took the post. Former President of Chile Ricardo Lagos was elected as the organization's President in 2006,[7] until 2010, when he ceded the position to former Prime Minister of the Netherlands Wim Kok. Also in 2010, Carlos Westendorp, Spanish diplomat and politician, became Secretary General.

Former President of Latvia Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga was elected President of the Club in 2014. In 2016, María Elena Agüero became Secretary General[8] and, in 2019, former President of Slovenia Danilo Türk was elected President, posts they both still hold.[9]

The Club's first General Assembly was held in Madrid in October 2002 approved the organization's first Annual Policy Dialogue,[10] year-long initiatives that involve members, other organizations, and experts in working grops to formulate policy recommendations on the decided topic. The results of some Annual Policy Dialogues and other programs have been echoed and supported in national and international legislation and pacts.[11]

List of Annual Policy Dialogues
Year Topic Place
2002 Democracy[12] Palace Hotel, Madrid
2003 The Role of the IMF and its Contribution to Democratic Governance[13] Palace Hotel, Madrid
2004 Democracies in Danger: Diagnoses and Prescriptions[14] Parliament, Madrid
2005 Democracy in the Post Communist World: Unfinished Business[15] Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Prague
2005 International Summit on Democracy, Security and Terrorism[16] Madrid, Spain
2006 Challenges of Energy and Democratic Leadership[17] Palace of the Senate, Madrid
2007 Democratizing Energy: Geopolitics and Power[18] Instituto Cervantes, Madrid
2008 Leadership for Shared Societies[19] Rotterdam, Netherlands
2009 Political Dimensions of the World Economic Crisis[20] Palacio de Congresos, Madrid
2010 Reconstruction and Democratic Development: the Case of Haiti[21] Representation of the European Commission in Spain, Madrid
2011 Digital Technologies for 21st Century Democracy[22] New York, USA
2012 Asia Pacific Forum: Building a More Resilient Pacific in the 21st Century World Order[23] Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
2012 Harnessing 21st Century Solutions: a Focus on Women[24] Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
2013 South Caucasus Forum[25] Ganja and Baku, Azerbaijan
2014 Societies that Work: Jobs for Inclusive Growth[26] Coolum Beach, Queensland, Australia
2014 II Global Shared Societies Forum[27] Baku, Azerbaijan
2014 Democracy and Human Rights: a Call to Action[28] Florence, Italy
2015 Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism[29] Madrid, Spain
2016 Inclusive, Sustainable and Resilient Cities in the Belt and Road Initiative[30] Guangzhou, China
2018 Education for Shared Societies[31] Lisbon, Portugal
2019 Digital Transformation and the Future of Democracy[32] Madrid, Spain
2020 Multilateralism that Delivers[33] Online
2021 Rethinking Democracy[34] Online
2022 Leading in a World of Converging Crises[35] Berlin, Germany
2023 Rethinking Social Development for People and Planet[36] Brazil

The Club de Madrid pushed for a constitutional reform in Haiti[37] and promoted the adoption of a National Pact in 2014 to reach a democratic consensus.[38]

With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Club de Madrid called for international cooperation, solidarity, and policies such as the "creation of an international fund for assistance to the Global South to deal with the consequences of COVID-19" and supported "the IMF’s call for coordinated fiscal stimuli to mitigate against long-lasting economic damage". The organization called on the World Bank to support the coordinated purchase of pandemic response equipment.[39]

Club de Madrid members at an Annual Policy Dialogue in Portugal in 2018

Club de Madrid issued a statement in support of the 2020 International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples, endorsing practices of restorative justice and highlighting the cosmovision of numerous indigenous peoples towards nature.[40] Also in 2020, the organization appealed to the authorities of Belarus to "stop detentions and the use of force against unarmed demonstrators" after the presidential elections in the country.[41]

Club de Madrid also condemned the 2021 coup d'état in Myanmar and called for the "immediate and unconditional release of President Win Myint, State Counsellor Daw Aung Sang Suu Kyi, members of government, of the National League for Democracy (NLD) and of civil society activists who have been detained".[42] Also in 2021, the organization and 46 of its members publicly supported the suspension of the WTO's intellectual property rules towards COVID-19 vaccines to make vaccination more accessible.[43]

In June 2022, the Club de Madrid called on the Tunisian President Kais Saied to release the politician Hamadi Jebali.[44] Club de Madrid has also repeatedly called for the release of opposition leader Alexei Navalny and other political prisoners in Russia, and for the end of the war in Ukraine through dialogue and diplomacy.[45]

In response to the January 8th Brazilian Congress attack, Club de Madrid condemned the event.[46]

Composition and structure

As of April 2023, there are 126 full members, all of whom are previous government officials with full voting rights. The Club also has institutional members and foundations – private and public organizations that share similar democratic objectives, including FRIDE, the Gorbachev Foundation of North America (GFNA), both original sponsors of the founding conference in 2001,[47] the Madrid City Council, the Regional Government of Madrid, and the Government of Spain.[48] Additionally, there are six honorary members (e.g. Javier Solana, Aung San Suu Kyi[49]) and several fellows, who are experts on democratic change.[50]

Full members, representatives of the constituent foundations, the Secretary General of the organization, and honorary members form the General Assembly, the highest representative and governing body of Club de Madrid. The General Assembly meets at least once a year to vote on the organization's activities and reports, the proposal of new members, and the designation of the Secretary General, Board of Directors and President, among other activities.[51]

The Board of Directors manages the interests of the organization according to the directives of the General Assembly. The body is composed of the President, currently Danilo Türk, two Vice-Presidents, currently former South Korean Prime Minister Han Seung-soo and former President of Costa Rica Laura Chinchilla, one member from each constituent foundation, the Secretary General, and up to six other members.[52]

The President represents the organization and is elected for a term of three years, renewable once. The Vice-Presidents are also elected for three years, renewable once, and they work closely with the President.[53]

Club de Madrid's Secretariat

Club de Madrid has two advisory bodies, the President's Circle, made up of individuals and organizations that support the Club's objectives, and the Advisory Committee, composed of fellows who are experts in their fields. The Secretariat, under the direction of the Secretary General, is responsible for the daily management of the Club de Madrid.[54]

Funding

Club de Madrid is a non-profit organization and members offer their services on a pro bono basis. It relies financially on donations which are used to support a permanent Secretariat and fund specific projects. The Club's accounts are audited annually by an external organization and publicly available.[55]

The Club of Madrid Foundation Inc. (COMFI) is a grant-making foundation that has US 501(c)(3) tax exemption status. It exists to raise funds in support of the Club's charitable and educational activities. COMFI is independent and not controlled by the Club itself, but solely by a four-person Board of Directors.[56]

Members

Club de Madrid has 126 full members of which 19 are former Heads of State and/or government from Africa and the Middle East, 29 from the Americas, 16 from Asia-Pacific, and 57 from Europe.

List of current members

List of members as of July 17th 2023.[57]

Name Age Nation Party Office(s) held
Valdas Adamkus97 Lithuania NonePresident of Lithuania (1998–2003, 2004–2009)
Esko Aho69 Finland CentrePrime Minister of Finland (1991–1995)
Óscar Arias83 Costa Rica PLNPresident of Costa Rica (1986–1990, 2006–2010)
José María Aznar70 Spain PPPresident of the Government of Spain (1996–2004)
Michelle Bachelet72 Chile SocialistPresident of Chile (2006–2010, 2014–2018)
Executive Director of UN Women (2010–2013)
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (2018–2022)
Jan Peter Balkenende67 Netherlands CDAPrime Minister of the Netherlands (2002–2010)
Joyce Banda73 Malawi People's PartyPresident of Malawi (2012–2014)
Rupiah Banda86 Zambia MMDPresident of Zambia (2008–2011)
José Manuel Barroso67 Portugal PSDPrime Minister of Portugal (2002–2004)
President of the European Commission (2004–2014)
Carl Bildt74 Sweden ModeratePrime Minister of Sweden (1991–1994)
High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995–1997)
Valdis Birkavs81 Latvia LCPrime Minister of Latvia (1993–1994)
Kjell Magne Bondevik76 Norway Christian DemocraticPrime Minister of Norway (1997–2000, 2001–2005)
Gordon Brown72 United Kingdom LabourPrime Minister of the United Kingdom (2007–2010)
Gro Harlem Brundtland84 Norway LabourPrime Minister of Norway (1981, 1986–1989, 1990–1996)
Director-General of the World Health Organization (1998–2003)
John Bruton76 Ireland Fine GaelTaoiseach of Ireland (1994–1997)
EU Ambassador to the United States (2004–2009)
Jerzy Buzek83 Poland Civic PlatformPrime Minister of Poland (1997–2001)
President of the European Parliament (2009–2012)
Felipe Calderón61 Mexico PANPresident of Mexico (2006–2012)
Micheline Calmy-Rey78  Switzerland Social DemocraticMember of the Federal Council (2003–2011)
(President in 2007 and 2011)
Kim Campbell76 Canada Progressive ConservativePrime Minister of Canada (1993)
Fernando Henrique Cardoso92 Brazil Social DemocracyPresident of Brazil (1995–2003)
Aníbal Cavaco Silva84 Portugal Social DemocraticPrime Minister of Portugal (1985–1995)
President of Portugal (2006–2016)
Laura Chinchilla64 Costa Rica PLNPresident of Costa Rica (2010–2014)
Joaquim Chissano84 Mozambique FRELIMOPresident of Mozambique (1986–2005)
Jean Chrétien90 Canada LiberalPrime Minister of Canada (1993–2003)
Helen Clark73 New Zealand LabourPrime Minister of New Zealand (1999–2008)
Bill Clinton77 United States DemocraticPresident of the United States (1993–2001)
Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca65 Malta LabourPresident of Malta (2014–2019)
Dominique de Villepin70 France RSPrime Minister of France (2005–2007)
Philip Dimitrov68 Bulgaria SDSPrime Minister of Bulgaria (1991–1992)
Luísa Diogo65 Mozambique FRELIMOPrime Minister of Mozambique (2004–2010)
Leonel Fernández70 Dominican Republic PLDPresident of the Dominican Republic (1996–2000, 2004–2012)
José María Figueres69 Costa Rica PLNPresident of Costa Rica (1994–1998)
Vigdís Finnbogadóttir93 Iceland NonePresident of Iceland (1980–1996)
Vicente Fox81 Mexico PANPresident of Mexico (2000–2006)
Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle81 Chile Christian DemocraticPresident of Chile (1994–2000)
Yasuo Fukuda87 Japan Liberal DemocraticPrime Minister of Japan (2007–2008)
César Gaviria76 Colombia LiberalPresident of Colombia (1990–1994)
Secretary General of the Organization of American States (1994–2004)
Amine Pierre Gemayel81 Lebanon Kata'ebPresident of Lebanon (1982–1988)
Felipe González81 Spain PSOEPresident of the Government of Spain (1982–1996)
Dalia Grybauskaitė67 Lithuania NonePresident of Lithuania (2009–2019)
Alfred Gusenbauer63 Austria Social DemocraticChancellor of Austria (2007–2008)
António Guterres74 Portugal SocialistPrime Minister of Portugal (1995–2002)
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (2005–2016)
UN Secretary-General (2016–present)
Tarja Halonen80 Finland Social DemocraticPresident of Finland (2000–2012)
Han Seung-soo87 South Korea SaenuriPrime Minister of South Korea (2008–2009)
François Hollande69 France PSPresident of France (2012–2017)
Osvaldo Hurtado84 Ecuador Christian DemocraticPresident of Ecuador (1981–1984)
Hamadi Jebali74 Tunisia Ennahdha (until 2014)

None (since 2014)

 Head of Government of Tunisia (2011–2013)
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf85 Liberia NonePresident of Liberia (2006–2018)
Mehdi Jomaa61 Tunisia None (until 2017)

Tunisian Alternative (since 2017)

 Head of Government of Tunisia (2014–2015)
Ivo Josipović66 Croatia SDPPresident of Croatia (2010–2015)
Alain Juppé78 France UMPPrime Minister of France (1995–1997)
Horst Köhler80 Germany Christian DemocraticPresident of Germany (2004–2010)
Milan Kučan83 Slovenia
 Yugoslavia		 Communist (until 1990)
None (since 1990)		President of Slovenia (1991–2002)
John Kufuor85 Ghana NPPPresident of Ghana (2001–2009)
Chairman of the AU (2007–2008)
Chandrika Kumaratunga78 Sri Lanka SLFPPresident of Sri Lanka (1994–2005)
Aleksander Kwaśniewski69 Poland None (since 1995)President of Poland (1995–2005)
Luis Alberto Lacalle82 Uruguay PNPresident of Uruguay (1990–1995)
Ricardo Lagos85 Chile PPDPresident of Chile (2000–2006)
Zlatko Lagumdžija68 Bosnia and Herzegovina Social DemocraticChairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2001–2002)
Lee Hong-koo68 South Korea NKP South KoreaPrime Minister of South Korea (1994–1995)
Yves Leterme57 Belgium CD&VPrime Minister of Belgium (2009–2011)
Enrico Letta57 Italy PDPrime Minister of Italy (2013–2014)
Doris Leuthard60  Switzerland CVP/PDC/PPD/PCDMember of the Federal Council (2006–2018)
(President in 2010 and 2017)
Thabo Mbeki81 South Africa ANCPresident of South Africa (1999–2008)
Rexhep Meidani79 Albania SocialistPresident of Albania (1997–2002)
Carlos Mesa70 Bolivia FRIPresident of Bolivia (2003–2005)
James Michel79 Seychelles USPresident of Seychelles (2004–2016)
Festus Mogae84 Botswana BDPPresident of Botswana (1998–2008)
Mario Monti80 Italy NonePrime Minister of Italy (2011–2013)
Olusegun Obasanjo86 Nigeria PDPHead of the Federal Military Government of Nigeria (1976–1979)
President of Nigeria (1999–2007)
Roza Otunbayeva73 Kyrgyzstan Social Democratic (2007–2010)President of Kyrgyzstan (2010–2011)
Anand Panyarachun91 Thailand NonePrime Minister of Thailand (1991–1992)
George Papandreou71 Greece SocialistPrime Minister of Greece (2009–2011)
Andrés Pastrana69 Colombia ConservativePresident of Colombia (1998–2002)
Pratibha Patil89 India INCPresident of India (2007–2012)
P.J. Patterson88 Jamaica PNP (until 2011)Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992–2006)
Sebastián Piñera74 Chile NonePresident of Chile (2010–2014; 2018–2022)
Romano Prodi84 Italy DemocraticPresident of the European Commission (1999–2004)
President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1996–1998, 2006–2008)
Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat81 Mongolia NonePresident of Mongolia (1990–1997)
Jorge Quiroga63 Bolivia PODEMOSPresident of Bolivia (2001–2002)
Iveta Radičová67 Slovakia SDKÚ-DS
(2006–2012)		Prime Minister of Slovakia (2010–2012)
Mariano Rajoy68 Spain PPPresident of the Government of Spain (2011–2018)
José Manuel Ramos-Horta74 East Timor NonePrime Minister of East Timor (2006–2007)
President of East Timor (2007–2012)
Poul Nyrup Rasmussen80 Denmark Social DemocratsPrime Minister of Denmark (1993–2001)
Mary Robinson79 Ireland NonePresident of Ireland (1990–97)
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (1997–2002)
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero63 Spain PSOEPresident of the Government of Spain (2004–2011)
Petre Roman77 Romania FSN (1989–1991)Prime Minister of Romania (1989–1991)
Kevin Rudd66 Australia ALPPrime Minister of Australia (2007–2010, 2013)
Julio María Sanguinetti88 Uruguay PCPresident of Uruguay (1985–1990, 1995–2000)
Wolfgang Schüssel78 Austria ÖVPChancellor of Austria (2000–2007)
Jenny Shipley71 New Zealand NationalPrime Minister of New Zealand (1997–1999)
Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir81 Iceland Social Democratic AlliancePrime Minister of Iceland (2009–2013)
Fuad Siniora80 Lebanon FMPrime Minister of Lebanon (2005–2009)
Alexander Stubb55 Finland NCPPrime Minister of Finland (2014–2015)
Hanna Suchocka77 Poland UDPrime Minister of Poland (1992–1993)
Boris Tadić66 Serbia Social DemocraticPresident of Serbia (2004–2012)
Jigme Thinley71 Bhutan DPTPrime Minister of Bhutan (2008–2013)
Helle Thorning-Schmidt57 Denmark Social DemocratsPrime Minister of Denmark (2011–2015)
Martín Torrijos60 Panama PRDPresident of Panama (2004–2009)
Aminata Touré61 Senegal APRPrime Minister of Senegal (2013–2014)
Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj60 Mongolia Democratic PartyPrime Minister of Mongolia (2004–2006)
President of Mongolia (2009–2017)
Danilo Türk71 Slovenia NonePresident of Slovenia (2007–2012)
Cassam Uteem82 Mauritius MMMPresident of Mauritius (1992–2002)
Herman Van Rompuy76 Belgium CD&VPrime Minister of Belgium (2008–2009)
President of the European Council (2009–2014)
Guy Verhofstadt70 Belgium VLDPrime Minister of Belgium (1999–2008)
Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga86 Latvia NonePresident of Latvia (1999–2007)
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono74 Indonesia Democratic PartyPresident of Indonesia (2004–2014)
Ernesto Zedillo72 Mexico PRIPresident of Mexico (1994–2000)
 Moussa Mara 48  Mali Change Party Prime Minister of Mali (2014-2015)
Hilda Heine 72  Marshall Islands Idependent President of the Marshall Islands(2016-2020)
Ram Nath Kovind77 India BJPPresident of India (2017–2022)
Carlos Alvarado 43  Costa Rica Citizens' Action Party President of Costa Rica (2018-2022)
Mauricio Macri 64  Argentina Republican Proposal President of Argentina (2015-2019)
Francisco Sagasti 78  Peru Purple Party President of Peru (2020-2021)
Joachim Gauck 83  Germany Independent President of Germany (2012-2017)
Jean-Claude Juncker 68  Luxembourg Christian Social People's Party Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995-2013)

President of the European Commission (2014-2019)

Stefan Löfven 65  Sweden Social Democratic Party Prime Minister of Sweden (2014-2021)
Viktor Yushchenko 69  Ukraine Our Ukraine President of Ukraine (2005-2010)
Valdis Zatlers 68  Latvia Reform Party President of Latvia (2007-2011)

List of secretaries-general

Name Start End Nation Party Office(s) held
Antonio Álvarez-Couceiro 2002 2004  Spain Co-founder of FRIDE
Kim Campbell 2004 2006 Canada Conservative Party Minister of National Defence (1993)

Minister of Veterans Affairs (1993) Minister of Justice and Attorney General (1993) Minister of State (Indian Affairs and Northern Development) (1993) Prime Minister of Canada (1993)

Fernando Perpiñá-Robert 2006 2010[58]  Spain Spanish diplomat
Carlos Westendorp 2010[58] 2016 Spain SSWPMinister of Foreign Affairs (1995-1996)
María Elena Agüero 2016 Present

List of honorary members

Name Age Nation Party Office(s) held
Aung San Suu Kyi 78 Myanmar NLDState Counsellor of Myanmar (2016–2021)
Ban Ki-moon80 South Korea NoneSecretary-General of the United Nations (2007–2016)
Jimmy Carter99 United States DemocraticPresident of the United States (1977–81)
Enrique V. Iglesias93 Uruguay
 Spain		 (unknown)President of the Inter-American Development Bank (1998–2005)
Secretary General of the Iberoamerican General Secretariat (2005–13)
Jacques Delors98 France SocialistPresident of the European Commission (1985–95)
Javier Solana81 Spain SocialistSecretary General of NATO (1995–99) and High Representative of the EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (1999–2009)
José Ángel Gurria 73  Mexico PRI Secretary General of OECD (2006-2021)
Juan Somavia 82  Chile None Director of the International Labour Organization (1999-2012)

List of members of the constituent foundations

Name Age Nation Party Office(s) held
Diego Hidalgo81 Spain (unknown)Founder and President of, and donor to, Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior (FRIDE)
Founding Member and Senior Fellow of the Gorbachev Foundation of North America (GFNA)[59]
T. Anthony Jones(unknown)(unknown) (unknown)Vice-president and executive director of GFNA[60]
George Matthews(unknown) United States (unknown)Chairman and co-founder of GFNA[61]
José Manuel Romero Moreno83 Spain (unknown)Vice President of FRIDE[62]
Cristina Manzano  Spain Director of EsGlobal

Member of FRIDE[63]

List of former members (deceased)

Name Died Nation Party Office(s) held
Jorge SampaioSeptember 10, 2021(2021-09-10) (aged 81) Portugal SocialistPresident of Portugal (1996–2006)
Òscar Ribas ReigDecember 18, 2020(2020-12-18) (aged 84) Andorra ANDPrime Minister of Andorra (1990–1994)
Tabaré VázquezDecember 6, 2020(2020-12-06) (aged 80) Uruguay PSPresident of Uruguay (2005–2010, 2015–2020)
Sadiq al-MahdiNovember 26, 2020(2020-11-26) (aged 84) Sudan UmmaPrime Minister of Sudan (1966–1967, 1986–1989)
Benjamin MkapaJuly 24, 2020(2020-07-24) (aged 81) Tanzania CCMPresident of Tanzania (1995–2005)
Abdurrahim El-KeibApril 21, 2020(2020-04-21) (aged 70) Libya NoneActing Prime Minister of Libya (2011–2012)
Javier Pérez de CuéllarMarch 4, 2020(2020-03-04) (aged 100) Peru UPPSecretary-General of the United Nations (1982–1991)
President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2000–2001)
Bacharuddin Jusuf HabibieSeptember 11, 2019(2019-09-11) (aged 83) Indonesia GolkarPresident of Indonesia (1998–1999)
Belisario BetancurDecember 7, 2018(2018-12-07) (aged 95) Colombia ConservativePresident of Colombia (1982–1986)
Wim KokOctober 20, 2018(2018-10-20) (aged 80) Netherlands LabourPrime Minister of the Netherlands (1994–2002)
Kofi AnnanAugust 18, 2018(2018-08-18) (aged 80) Ghana NoneSecretary-General of the United Nations (1997–2006)
Álvaro ArzúApril 27, 2018(2018-04-27) (aged 72) Guatemala UnionistPresident of Guatemala (1996–2000)
Mayor of Guatemala City (2004–2018)
Ruud LubbersFebruary 14, 2018(2018-02-14) (aged 78) Netherlands Christian DemocraticPrime Minister of the Netherlands (1982–1994)
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (2001–2005)
Quett MasireJune 22, 2017(2017-06-22) (aged 91) Botswana BDPPresident of Botswana (1980–1998)
Helmut KohlJune 16, 2017(2017-06-16) (aged 87) Germany
 West Germany		 Christian DemocraticChancellor of West Germany (1982–1990)
Chancellor of Germany (1990–1998)
James ManchamJanuary 8, 2017(2017-01-08) (aged 77) Seychelles DemocraticPresident of Seychelles (1976–1977)
Mário SoaresJanuary 7, 2017(2017-01-07) (aged 92) Portugal SocialistPrime Minister of Portugal (1976–1978, 1983–1985)
President of Portugal (1986–1996)
António Mascarenhas MonteiroSeptember 16, 2016(2016-09-16) (aged 72) Cape Verde MPDPresident of Cape Verde (1991–2001)
Patricio AylwinApril 19, 2016(2016-04-19) (aged 87) Chile PDCPresident of Chile (1990–1994)
Abd Al-Karim Al-IryaniNovember 8, 2015(2015-11-08) (aged 81) Yemen
 North Yemen		 GPCPrime Minister of North Yemen (1980–1983)
Prime Minister of Yemen (1998–2001)
Adolfo SuárezMarch 23, 2014(2014-03-23) (aged 81) Spain
 MN (until 1977)
UCD (1977–82)		President of the Government of Spain (1976–81)
Tadeusz MazowieckiOctober 28, 2013(2013-10-28) (aged 86) Poland
PR Poland		 KO "S" (1980–91)
UD (1991–94)		Prime Minister of Poland (1989–91)
Inder Kumar GujralNovember 30, 2012(2012-11-30) (aged 92) India JDPrime Minister of India (1997–98)
Václav HavelDecember 18, 2011(2011-12-18) (aged 75) Czech Republic
 Czechoslovakia		 OF (1989–93)
None (1993–2004)		President of Czechoslovakia (1989–92)
President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003)
Ferenc MádlMay 29, 2011(2011-05-29) (aged 80) Hungary NonePresident of Hungary (2000–05)
Raúl AlfonsínMarch 31, 2009(2009-03-31) (aged 82) Argentina UCRPresident of Argentina (1983–89)
Leopoldo Calvo-SoteloMay 3, 2008(2008-05-03) (aged 82) Spain UCDPresident of the Government of Spain (1981–82)
Lennart MeriMarch 14, 2006(2006-03-14) (aged 76) Estonia
 Soviet Union		 Isamaa (since 1992)President of Estonia (1992–2001)
Valentín PaniaguaOctober 16, 2006(2006-10-16) (aged 70) Peru ACPresident of Peru (2000–01)
Fidel V. RamosJuly 31, 2022 (aged 94) Philippines LakasPresident of the Philippines (1992–1998)

See also

References

  1. 1 2 List of Members
  2. ↑ "Members". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
  3. 1 2 "Club de Madrid". European Partnership for Democracy (EPD). Retrieved 2021-04-18.
  4. 1 2 Altares, Guillermo (2001-10-27). "Dirigentes mundiales crean el Club de Madrid para ayudar a las democracias incipientes". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  5. ↑ "Members | Fernando Henrique Cardoso". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  6. ↑ "Biography: Rt. Hon. Kim Campbell | Peter Lougheed Leadership College". www.ualberta.ca. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  7. ↑ Taillac, Mathieu de (2006-04-24). "El chileno Ricardo Lagos asume la presidencia del Club de Madrid". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  8. ↑ "María Elena Agüero - GWL VOICES". Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  9. ↑ Club de Madrid (2019-10-20). "Danilo Türk is elected new President of Club de Madrid". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  10. ↑ "Club de Madrid 2002 policy dialogue and I General Assembly, democracy". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  11. ↑ "About Club de Madrid". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  12. ↑ "Club de Madrid 2002 policy dialogue and I General Assembly, democracy". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  13. ↑ "Club de Madrid 2003 policy dialogue, general assembly, governance, IMF". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  14. ↑ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid 2004 Conference, Democracies danger". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  15. ↑ "IV General Assembly, Club de Madrid 2005 Conference, post communist". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  16. ↑ "Club de Madrid 2005 policy dialogue,Terrorism, Agenda, Global Consensus". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  17. ↑ "Club de Madrid 2006 policy dialogue, conference, energy, democracy". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  18. ↑ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid 2007 Conference, energy, geopolitics". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  19. ↑ "General Assembly, Shared Societies, policy dialogue, club de Madrid". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  20. ↑ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid, Economic Crisis, policy dialogue 2009". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  21. ↑ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid, policy dialogue, Haiti". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  22. ↑ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid, policy dialogue, digital technologies 11". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  23. ↑ ADMINCOMMS (2012-07-23). "Building a More Resilient Pacific in the 21st Century World Order". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-29.
  24. ↑ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid, policy dialogue, women 2012, USA". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  25. ↑ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid, policy dialogue, women,shared society". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  26. ↑ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid, policy dialogue, jobs, growth, g20 2013". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  27. ↑ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid, policy dialogue, shared societies". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  28. ↑ "General Assembly, Club de Madrid, policy dialogue, human rights 2014". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  29. ↑ "Program: Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-29.
  30. ↑ "Assembly, Club de Madrid, policy dialogue, Imperial Springs, belt road". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  31. ↑ "2018 Policy Dialogue: Education for Shared Societies". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  32. ↑ "2019 Club de Madrid". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  33. ↑ "2020 Policy Dialogue: Multilateralism that Delivers". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  34. ↑ "2021 Policy Dialogue: Rethinking Democracy". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  35. ↑ "2022 Policy Dialogue: Leading in a World of Converging Crises". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  36. ↑ "2023 Policy Dialogue: Rethinking Social Development for People and Planet". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  37. ↑ "Haïti - Politique : Le Club de Madrid en faveur du processus de réforme constitutionnelle - HaitiLibre.com : Toutes les nouvelles d'Haiti 7/7". HaitiLibre.com. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  38. ↑ "Club de Madrid: « Un pacte national », la solution". Le Nouvelliste. 20 February 2014. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
  39. ↑ Club de Madrid (2020-03-25). "Message from Club de Madrid to the special G20 Leaders' summit on the COVID-19 pandemic". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  40. ↑ Club de Madrid (2020-08-09). "Our statement for the International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples 2020". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  41. ↑ Club de Madrid (2020-08-17). "Statement by the Board of Directors of Club de Madrid on Belarus". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  42. ↑ Club de Madrid (2021-02-04). "Club de Madrid strongly condemns coup d'etat in Myanmar". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  43. ↑ Club de Madrid (2021-04-14). "Former heads of state and Nobel laureates call on President Biden to waive intellectual property rules for COVID vaccines". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  44. ↑ "Tunisia: Club of Madrid calls on Saied to release Hamadi Jebali". Middle East Monitor. 2022-06-27. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  45. ↑ Club de Madrid (2023-02-24). "One year standing with Ukraine". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  46. ↑ Club de Madrid (2023-01-09). "Club de Madrid condemns the violent assault on Brazil's democratic institutions". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  47. ↑ "Members". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  48. ↑ "Members". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  49. ↑ "Members". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  50. ↑ "who we are, full members, leadership, heads of State". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  51. ↑ "Structure". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  52. ↑ "Structure". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  53. ↑ "Structure". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  54. ↑ "Secretariat". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  55. ↑ "Finance". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  56. ↑ Roberts, Andrea Suozzo, Ken Schwencke, Mike Tigas, Sisi Wei, Alec Glassford, Brandon (2013-05-09). "Club Of Madrid Foundation Inc - Nonprofit Explorer". ProPublica. Retrieved 2023-01-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  57. ↑ "These Are Our Members". clubmadrid.org. Club of Madrid. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  58. 1 2 EP (2010-04-21). "El Club de Madrid elige como secretario general al embajador Carlos Westendorp". Cadena SER (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-01-18.
  59. ↑ "Diego Hidalgo". Club de Madrid. Archived from the original on 8 November 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  60. ↑ "Anthony Jones". Club de Madrid. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  61. ↑ "George Matthews". Club de Madrid. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  62. ↑ "José Manuel Romero Moreno". Club de Madrid. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  63. ↑ "Cristina Manzano". Club de Madrid. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
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