Coonawarra
Wine region
TypeAustralian Geographical Indication
Year established2003[1]
Years of wine industryestablished 1890[2]
CountryAustralia
Part ofLimestone Coast zone
Growing seasonOctober – April[3]
Climate region’I’
Heat units1392[4]
Precipitation (annual average)230 mm (9.1 in) [3]
Size of planted vineyards5,603 hectares (13,850 acres)[5]
No. of vineyards130 (2011)[2]
Grapes produced23,480 tonnes (23,110 long tons; 25,880 short tons)[6]
Varietals producedCabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Merlot, Chardonnay[5]
No. of wineries28[7]
Commentsclimate data – 2011, production -2012 & 2014
Map of South Australia. The Coonawarra region just north of Penola.

The Coonawarra wine region is a wine region centred on the town of Coonawarra in the Limestone Coast zone of South Australia. It is known for the Cabernet Sauvignon wines produced on its "terra rossa" soil. The name has been said to have originated in Bindjali, an Aboriginal language, meaning "wild honeysuckle". It is about 380 kilometres (240 mi) south-east of Adelaide, close to the border with Victoria.

History

The Aboriginal Australians living in the area when Europeans arrived were the Bindjali people,[8][9] The word coonawarra is reported to have been their word for honeysuckle,[10] although this meaning has also been ascribed to Penola by the same source.[9]

The first vines were planted by John Riddoch at Yallum, South Australia in 1890.[11] Only the Redman family of Rouge Homme continued to produce table wine during this period, during which Shiraz was the main grape variety grown.[11]

Fortunes changed when Samuel Wynn recognised the potential of the strip of terra rossa soil, and bought the original Riddoch cellars in 1951. Led by Wynns and Penfolds, Coonawarra was to play a leading role in the transformation of the Australian wine industry as it changed from making fortified wines to conventional table wines.

Geology

Coonawarra's terra rossa soil is one of the notable terroirs of the New World, covering an area of just 15 km x 2 km north of Penola. It lies on a shallow limestone ridge, raising it above the swampy land either side – it is no coincidence that the Riddoch Highway follows this ridge as carters sought the firmest ground in times past. This special bright red soil is clearly visible on an aerial photo.

To the west of the ridge lies black rendzina soil which is poorly drained, and so is much less favourable for vines. There is also a 'transitional', or brown rendzina, soil which grows vines quite successfully.[11] This geological complexity led to many disputes during an eight-year period before Coonawarra was entered on the Register of Protected Names. At least one vineyard (belonging to Penola High School) has the boundary pass through the middle.

Climate

Being just 60 km from the sea, Coonawarra has a somewhat maritime climate not dissimilar to Bordeaux. During the growing season, there is just 219mm rainfall (Oct-Apr), out of 585mm annually. Extensive cloud cover keeps the temperature down to 19.1 °C in January.[11]

Grape varieties

Winter vines with Wynns' in the background

Coonawarra is synonymous with Cabernet Sauvignon, full of plum and blackcurrant fruit, so much so that successes with other grape varieties is overlooked. In the early days Shiraz was the most widely planted grape, and it produces some star wines such as Wynns Coonawarra Estate Michael Shiraz (formerly Michael Hermitage). The limestone geology also suits Chardonnay, Riesling, and Sauvignon blanc.

Wineries

Coonawarra has a membership organisation for wineries, the Coonawarra Vignerons Association. Some of the wineries with cellar doors include Wynns Coonawarra Estate.[12] Other wineries who use fruit from the Coonawarra include Yalumba and Penfolds.

See also

Citations and references

Citations

  1. ↑ "Coonawarra Geographical Indication". Wine Australia. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  2. 1 2 Longbottom et al, 2011, page 30
  3. 1 2 Longbottom et al, 2011, page 50
  4. ↑ Longbottom et al, 2011, page 62
  5. 1 2 PGIBSA, 2014, page 49
  6. ↑ PGIBSA, 2014, page 47
  7. ↑ "Wineries". Coonawarra Vignerons Association. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  8. ↑ "Map of Indigenous Australia". AIATSIS. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  9. 1 2 "Penola, SA". Aussie Towns. 6 February 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  10. ↑ "The History of Coonawarra". Coonawarra Vignerons. 18 February 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Wine Australia Coonawarra Archived 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ↑ Coonawarra Vignerons Association, Member List.

References

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