crosswort
smooth bedstraw
Cruciata laevipes
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Rubiaceae
Genus: Cruciata
Species:
C. laevipes
Binomial name
Cruciata laevipes
Synonyms[1]
  • Valantia cruciata L.
  • Galium cruciata (L.) Scop.
  • Galium cruciata var. laevipes (Opiz) W.D.J.Koch
  • Rubia cruciata (L.) Baill.
  • Valantia hirsuta Gilib.
  • Aparine latifolia Moench
  • Galium valantia G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.
  • Valantia ciliata Opiz ex J.Presl & C.Presl
  • Galium glabrifolium Rochel
  • Galium cruciata var. mucronata Peterm.
  • Cruciata ciliata Opiz
  • Cruciata hirsuta Fourr.
  • Galium luteocruciatum St.-Lag.
  • Valantia crucialis Bubani

Cruciata laevipes is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is commonly known as crosswort, smooth bedstraw or Luc na croise in Gaelic.[1] The Latin epithet laevipes refers to the smooth stalk.

The common name crosswort is a 16th century translation of the botanists' Latin cruciata planta, meaning "cross plant", i.e., with leaves in a cross-like arrangement.[2]

Description

This perennial sprawling plant can grow to a height of 15–70 cm (6–28 in), spreads by seeds and stolons and has, unusually amongst this group, yellow hermaphrodite flowers. The inner flowers are male and soon fall off, whilst the outer are bisexual and produce the fruit. The flowers smell of honey. Of the whorls of four leaves, only two in each group are real leaves, the other two being stipules.[3] It is associated with arbuscular mycorrhiza that penetrate the cortical cells of the roots. In the United Kingdom it flowers April to June.[4] Pollination is by bees and flies.[5]

Distribution and habitat

Cruciata laevipes is found in most of Europe as well as from northern Turkey, Iran, the Caucasus, and the western Himalayas.[6] It is also reportedly naturalized in Ontario County in New York State.[7] Cruciata laevipes is found in meadows, road verges, riverbanks, scrub and open woodland, generally on well-drained calcareous soils.[8]

Uses

C. laevipes flowers

Cruciata laevipes is little used in herbal medicine today, but it was once recommended as a remedy for rupture, rheumatism and dropsy.[9] Bald's Leechbook recommended crosswort as a cure for headaches.[10]

References

  1. 1 2 "ITIS - Report: Cruciata laevipes". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 2021-10-08.
  2. ↑ Grigson G. 1974. A Dictionary of English Plant Names. Allen Lane. ISBN 0-71-390442-9
  3. ↑ Hutchinson, John (1955). British Wild Flowers. Harmondsworth : Penguin. V. 1. p. 211.
  4. ↑ "Crosswort | The Wildlife Trusts". www.wildlifetrusts.org. Retrieved 2021-10-08.
  5. ↑ "Cruciata laevipes Crosswort, Smooth bedstraw PFAF Plant Database". pfaf.org. Retrieved 2021-10-08.
  6. ↑ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". wcsp.science.kew.org. Retrieved 2021-10-08.
  7. ↑ Biota of North America Program, Cruciata laevipes
  8. ↑ The Flora of Derbyshire
  9. ↑ "Medicinal plants". Archived from the original on 2011-07-27. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
  10. ↑ Robert Lacey and Danny Danziger August: The Year 1000: What Life Was Like at the Turn of the First Millennium Little, Brown, 2000 ISBN 0-316-51157-9
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